1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 293 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 It seems to happen with depressing frequencysunny skies turn to rain just as the weekend arrives. Now Spanish researchers say they have evidence that in
2、 some parts of Europe the weather really does follow a weekly cycle, although not in the straightforward way that the anecdote might suggest.Evidence has been mounting over the years that the weather in certain parts of the world, including the US, Japan and China, can be driven by the weekly cycle
3、of human activity. This is because we tend to produce more air pollution during the week and less at the weekend. Evidence that such an effect occurs in Europe is controversial and has been harder to come by. Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo of the University of Barcelona, Spain, and his colleagues examined d
4、ata gathered between 1961 and 2004 from weather stations across Spain to see whether such a pattern existed. They claim to have found it in Spain, as well as hints of weekly changes in air circulation more broadly over Western Europe.The result is puzzling, but it is known that airborne pollutants p
5、roduced by human activity can affect the weather in a variety of ways. For example, particles can be heated by absorbing sunlight, which in turn heats the air and changes air circulation patterns. Pollutant particles can also provide seeds for cloud formation. Exactly which effect has the greatest i
6、nfluence seems to depend on conditions that vary season by season. They also found signs that air pressure in Western Europe tends to be lower midweek than at the weekend in data from a global database. This suggests that the human influence on weather goes beyond known local effects, says team memb
7、er Josep Calbo of the University of Girona in Spain.However, it is not clear whether the teams findings are statistically significant, says Thomas Bell of NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who was part of a team that found a stronger weekly cycle in the US. “This whole enterp
8、rise of looking for weekly cycles is rife with possibilities for misleading oneself.“Why a weekly cycle would be less noticeable in Europe than in the US and Asia is still unknown. No weekly cycle has ever been found in the UK, probably because the weather is dominated by large systems blowing in fr
9、om the Atlantic Ocean. These larger systems may be harder for weekly pollution cycles to influence, points out Douglas Maraun of the University of East Anglia in Norwich, who studies UK precipitation. “I doubt that there is a weekly influence of human activity on such a large weather system,“ he say
10、s.1 In the opening paragraph, Spanish researchers suggest that（A）the weather system of Europe follows a strict weekly cycle.（B） there is a great possibility of rain in Spain on weekends.（C） rain cycles have resulted from the excessive human activities.（D）weather interacts with human activities in a
11、straightforward way.2 The reason why weather changes are possibly due to human factors is that（A）the weather usually follows a weekly cycle.（B） when people stay at home, they are careful with pollutants production.（C） air circulation acts in different manners because of deliberate human interference
12、.（D）different activities on weekdays and weekends have imposed effect on the air. 3 Airborne pollutants can affect（A）sunlight absorption.（B） air circulation.（C） cloud movement.（D）human activities.4 Whats Thomas Bells attitude toward the study of weekly change in weather?（A）He supports the findings t
13、hrough his own research statistics.（B） He agrees that the findings are possibly true.（C） He points out that the findings lack in abundant data（D）He is certain that the purpose of study is misleading.5 The climate in UK is probably（A）under the influence of large whether systems.（B） the same to that o
14、f the other regions of Europe.（C） drawing the attention of global research world.（D）less changeable due to weak human activities.5 Manufacturers of everything from running shoes to deodorants, a substance to remove unpleasant odors, design products specifically for women. One of the latest entries:
15、the first artificial joint created forand heavily advertised to females. Doctors say its too soon to tell whether the Gender Knee represents a giant leap for womankind or if it gives its maker, Zimmer Holdings Inc., a leg up in the market.In the case of the knees, according to Zimmer, heres how men
16、and women are different: First, the kneecap, is thinner in women. Also, womens wider hips create a different angle between the knee and pelvisthe wide, curved group of bones at the level of hips, which can mean the kneecap gets pulled to the side when the muscles contract. And the end of the thighbo
17、ne is typically narrower in men. Most artificial knees were modeled on the male anatomywhich may explain why knee replacements in women arent as successful when measured by reported pain and do-over rates.But will the new(and more expensive)replacement actually serve women better? “In theory, yes, b
18、ut the evidence isnt there,“ says Kimberly Templeton, an associate professor of orthopedic surgery(prevention or correction of disorders of the bones and associated muscles and joints)at the University of Kansas Medical Center and a spokesperson for the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Shery
19、l Conley, Zimmers chief marketing officer, says seven studies now underway will look at patient satisfaction and range of motion. Preliminary data will be available in a year or so. Anatomical differences aside, Templeton says, replacement knees may not perform well in women in part because females
20、tend to delay surgerysometimes until theyre bound to the house by disability.In addition, its not clear that the manufacturers specialized design will translate to less pain, says Steven Haas, an orthopedic surgeon and chief of the knee service at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York. For ex
21、ample, making the front of the replacement knee thinner by one twenty-fifth of an inch wont necessarily make a noticeable difference to recipients. Having a correctly fitted device is clearly important, says Haas, who notes that other companies have modified their smaller knees to account for gender
22、 differences in anatomy.(Haas has consulted with Smith their partnership was like that of Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire. But it was Sir Edmund who first struggled his way up a crack in the 12-metre(40-foot)rockface that had to be overcome after the south summit if the real one was to be achieved, a
23、nd below which only oblivion awaited.News of the British-led expeditions triumph on May 29th 1953 reached the world through a report in the London Times four days later. The Times, a sponsor of the expedition, had used an elaborate code to trick any rivals monitoring the radio waves. Its scoop was i
24、ndeed a coup: June 2nd was the day of Queen Elizabeths coronation, at Which her majesty was crowned.Sir Edmund was a man of action. After Everest came more expeditions in Nepal, a race to the South Pole and further adventures in the Antarctic, the Himalayas and India. But for some onlookers neither
25、these nor even the Everest expedition was especially remarkable: fitness and physical courage are all very well, they argued, but the worlds highest peak was simply waiting to be scaled, and a steady traffic nowadays makes its way to the top unnoticed, except for the litter it leaves.Both the indiff
26、erent and the awe-struck, however, agree that Sir Edmunds other life was wholly admirable, and he himself said he was prouder of it than of anything else. This was his tireless work for the Sherpas, of whom he had become so fond. Through his efforts, and those of Tenzing, hospitals, clinics, bridges
27、, runways and nearly 30 schools have been built in the Solo Khumbu region of Nepal just south of Everest. If New Zealand claimed Sir Edmunds loyalty, Nepal, and especially its Sherpas, could surely claim his heart.16 Which of the following is true of Sir Edmund Hillary?（A）He never left the awkward N
28、ew Zealand beekeeper.（B） He is the first person to reach the top of Everest.（C） Neither mountaineering nor beekeeping was his accomplishment.（D）He failed to command universal esteem till the end.17 The Times was the first to report the news of expeditions triumph in that（A）it was one of the major sp
29、onsors of this expedition.（B） its headquarters was located in London.（C） it used the code its rivals could not comprehend.（D）it was much smarter than its competitors.18 The sentence “a steady traffic nowadays makes its way to the top unnoticed“(Lines 4-5, Paragraph 4)shows that（A）conquering Everest
30、is not special since more people set foot on it.（B） people could reach the top of Everest with the help of vehicles.（C） people would not respect those conquering Everest by vehicles.（D）the worlds highest peak would be conquered anyway.19 According to the passage, Sir Edmunds other life refers to（A）t
31、he modest life of working as the beekeeper in New Zealand.（B） the exciting life of adventures.（C） the meaningful life of working hard for the Sherpas.（D）the busy life of being an international celebrity.20 An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be（A）Expeditions Triumph in Everest.（B） Pl
32、ain Man Mighty Deeds.（C） A Man of Action.（D）Sir Edmunds Expeditions.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 293 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题。举出西班牙研究者的研究情况是为了说明句，即“就在周末到来之际，晴朗的天空开始下雨，且频率很高”，B
33、 项的表述与文章大意一致。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 事实细节题，考查因果细节。该段句提到天气受人类活动周循环的影响，句的 because 表明原因：我们在工作日造成的空气污染往往要多些，周末则少些。可见，正是由于人们在工作日和周末的不同活动给大气造成了影响，虽然这种影响在欧洲争议较大且证据不足，但第二段句说明这种现象存在，故与题干中的 possibly 相符，选 D 项。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 事实细节题。第三段分析了空气携带的污染物以各种方式影响天气。句中的 particles 对应句的 pollutants，wh
34、ich 引导的定语从句表明，微尘会影响空气循环模式，B 项符合。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题，考查观点态度。根据题干中的人名定位到第四段。句表达了 Thomas Bell 的看法：还不清楚该研究小组的发现在数据统计上(statistically)是否有效，C 项“缺乏大量数据支持”的说法符合句意。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据题干中的 UK 定位到第五段。第五段句提到：英国从未发生过周循环现象，或许因为其天气被来自大西洋的强大气流控制，A 项符合句意。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节【知识模块】 阅读
35、理解 A 节6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题。首段句 its tooto“太而不能”结构表明，“女性膝盖”是否会在市场上取得成功，现在还言之过早，故 B 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。题目问原因，寻找答案时要特别留意 why 或 because等字眼。第二段句 why 表明原因：女性膝关节置换手术的成功率比男性低是因为大部分的人造膝盖都是依照男性的骨骼构造制作的，故 C 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 观点态度题。Kimberly Templeton 在第三段说了很多话，其中句提到，女性实
36、施膝关节置换手术效果不佳(may not perform well)，由此判断，B项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 事实细节题。举例一般是为了说明某个观点。第四段句的观点是：尚不能确定这款新设计是否能够减轻患者的疼痛感，随后句举例论证该观点，可见 A 项与题意相符。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 主旨大意题。从全文大意、第一段、最后一段可以推断出，全文围绕这种专门为女性所设计的膝盖展开讨论，故 C 项与之相符。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 事实细节题。
37、由第一段句可知美国禁止艾滋病人入境的做法是对艾滋病人的歧视，故选 D 项。解题难点在于难词 stigmatize，该词意为“给带来耻辱”。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 是非细节题。根据人名 Andrew Sullivan 定位至第二段 句。由句得知 Andrew Sullivan 害怕离开美国，因为“他担心无法回到美国他与丈夫居住的地方”，可知 Sullivan 是一名同性恋者并住在美国，故选 D 项。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节13 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 因果细节题。根据“DCs Katrina”定位到第三段 句，由此句得知某艾滋病组织因为华盛顿
38、特区的艾滋感染率过高而将艾滋病称作华盛顿的卡特里娜飓风，因此 C 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节14 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据第四段句可知，废除禁入令是人权倡导者和同性恋权利支持者争取多年的事情，因此这样做能赢得他们的好感，故 B 项是正确的。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节15 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 事实细节题。最后一段句表明，奥巴马这一举动履行了其对同性恋支持者的承诺，故 A 项正确。解题难点在于 make good 一词的含义，该词意为“履行”，词义可根据上下文推测。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节16 【正确答案】 B【试
39、题解析】 事实细节题。句的 To be the first表明“埃德蒙 希拉里爵士是第一个登上世界最高峰的人”，Everest 即珠峰是世界上最高的山峰，因此 B 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节17 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 因果细节题。根据第三段，泰晤士报成为第一家报道探险队胜利的报社，原因是他们使用了一种经过精心设计的代码，瞒住了所有监控无线电波的同行。C 项符合文意。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节18 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 语义理解题。题目引出的句子句意为：如今不断有人登上峰顶，使得这个举动变得不再引人注目。steady 指“稳步地 ”，traffic 原意指“交通”
40、，这里形象地说明上山的人越来越多。A 项 set foot on it 和 not special 与原句 make its way to the top 和 unnoticed 对应，故 A 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节19 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据 Sir Edmunds other life 定位至第五段。他的其他事迹就是该段句提到的，他一直在为夏尔巴人付出，C 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节20 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 主旨大意题。B 项的 plain(平凡的)对应文中 slightly awkward New Zealand beekeeper，mighty(强大的)对应埃德蒙希拉里爵士勇攀高峰和帮助夏尔巴人的伟大事迹，完整概括了全文。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节
