1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 31 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The Online Autocar Leasing BusinessWhen eBay, now the worlds biggest auction website, went online in 1995. many expected it to fail. Why would anyone buy
2、 used items from perfect strangers? Two new services WhipCar, which was launched in London on April 21st, and RelayRides, which will start up in Boston, Massachusetts, early this summer will face similar skepticism. Both aim to get car-owners to rent their vehicles to strangers when not using them t
3、hemselves.At heart, both offerings are online exchanges. Car-owners and drivers register, contact one another through the site and agree to a rental contract. To ensure that both parties are trustworthy, WhipCar asks, among other things, for details of both the rented cars registration and the rente
4、rs license, and checks them against official data. It also provides insurance for the duration of the rental and a replacement car if there is an accident. In addition to these measures, RelayRides only accepts cars that have gone through a safety check and installs a device that allows them to be u
5、nlocked with a special card. This way, owners and renters do not have to meet, as they do with WhipCar.Both firms allow owners to set the price, taking a 15% cut. Even with the insurance premium and other fees added in, the firms expect the rental price to be lower than using a conventional car-rent
6、al firm or an urban car-sharing club. WhipCar provides suggestions for the prices different cars might fetch in various neighborhoods. Shortly after the site went live an Audi A4 in central London cost 10 ($ 15) an hour or 41 a day.Will the idea take off? The main hurdle will he car-owners reluctanc
7、e to share so personal a possession and the requirement to keep it clean. The firms must also overcome a problem all exchanges face: attracting enough members to make the service useful. Yet cars are expensive, underused assets. On average, a British car is driven for less than an hour a day but cos
8、ts about 5,500 a year to own a sum many would love to reduce in these straitened times. Drivers, for their part, are ever more willing to share a car. By 2016 some 4. 4 million Americans will he members of a car-sharing club, nearly ten times as many as today, projects Frost they are brimming with s
9、elf-confidence; and they have been encouraged to challenge received wisdom, to find their own solutions to problems and to treat work as a route to personal fulfillment rather than merely a way of putting food on the table. Not all of this makes them easy to manage. Bosses complain that after a chil
10、dhood of being spoiled and praised, Net Geners demand far more frequent feedback and an over-precise set of objectives on the path to promotion. In a new report from Pricewater house Coopers, a consultancy, 61 % of chief executives say they have trouble recruiting and integrating younger employees.F
11、or those hard-to-please older managers, the current recession is the joyful equivalent of hiding an alarm clock in a sleeping teenagers bedroom. Once again, the touchy-feely management fads that always spring up in years of plenty are being ditched in favor of more brutal command-and-control methods
12、. Having grown up in good times, Net Geners have labored under the illusion that the world owed them a living. But hopping between jobs to find one that meets your inner spiritual needs is not so easy when there are no jobs to hop to. And as for that vacation; heres a permanent one, sunshine.In fact
13、, compromise will be necessary on both sides. Net Geners will certainly have to lower some of their expectations and take the world as it is, not as they would like it to be. But their older bosses should also be prepared to make concessions. The economy will eventually recover, and demographic tren
14、ds in most rich countries will make clever young workers even more valuable. Besides, many of the things that keep Net Geners happy are worth doing anyway. But for the moment at least, the Facebookers are under heavy criticism.10 In the eyes of the critics of the Net Generation, the Net Geners are c
15、haracterized as_.（A）accomplished and competent（B） smart and flexible（C） self-centered and indulged（D）selfish and uncooperative11 According to Para. 2, Net Geners are not easy to manage in that_.（A）theyve attached too much importance to the personal fulfillment（B） theyve been courageous enough to cha
16、llenge the authorities（C） theyve had excessive confidence in themselves（D）theyve required excessive responses and goals12 The word “touchy-feely“ (Line 5, Para. 3) most probably means_.（A）sensitive and caring（B） cold and bloody（C） lazy and reckless（D）funny and interesting13 We can learn from the las
17、t paragraph that the author believes_.（A）Net Geners should give up their expectations（B） older bosses should give the Net Geners whatever they want（C） both Net Geners and bosses should face the reality（D）both Net Geners and bosses should learn to concede14 What is the authors attitude towards Net Ge
18、ners?（A）Supportive.（B） Objective.（C） Biased.（D）Pessimistic.14 Can Human Kidney Be Traded ?If they were just another product, the market would work its usual magic: supply would respond to high prices and rise to meet surging demand. But human kidneys are no ordinary commodity. Trading them is banned
19、 in most countries. So supply depends largely on the charity of individuals. Unsurprisingly, with altruism the only incentive, not enough people offer.Kidneys are the subject of a quietly growing global drama. As people in the rich world live longer and grow fatter, queues for kidneys are lengthenin
20、g fast: at a rate of 7% a year in America, for example, where last year 4,039 people died waiting. Doctors are allowing older and more sluggish kidneys to be transplanted. Ailing, rich patients are buying kidneys from the poor and desperate in burgeoning black markets.In the face of all this, most c
21、ountries are sticking with the worst of all policy options. Governments place the burden on their citizens to volunteer organs. A few European countries, including Spain, manage to push up supply a bit by presuming citizens consent to having their organs transplanted when they die unless they specif
22、y otherwise. Whether or not such presumed consent is morally right, it does not solve the supply problem, in Spain or elsewhere. On the other hand, if just 0. 06% of healthy Americans aged between 19 and 65 parted with one kidney, the country would have no waiting list.The way to encourage this is t
23、o legalize the sale of kidneys. Thats what Iran has done. An officially approved patients organization oversees the transactions. Donors get $2,000 4,000. The waiting list has been eliminated. Many people will find the very idea of individuals selling their organs repulsive. Yet an organ market, in
24、body parts of deceased people, already exists. Companies make millions out of it. It seems perverse, then, to exclude individuals.With proper regulation, a kidney market would be a big improvement on the current, sorry state of affairs. Sellers could be checked for disease and drug use, and cared fo
25、r after operations. They could, for instance, receive health insurance as part of their paymentwhich would be cheap because properly screened donors appear to live longer than the average Joe with two kidneys. Buyers would get better kidneys, faster. Both sellers and buyers would do better than in t
26、he illegal market, where much of the money goes to the middleman.Instinct often trumps logic. Sometimes thats right. But in this case, the instinct that selling bits of oneself is wrong leads to many premature deaths and much suffering. The logical answer, in this case, is the humane one.15 Why did
27、the market fail to work its usual magic on human kidneys?（A）The theory of demand and supply is not applicable here.（B） Supply did not respond to high prices or meet fast growing demand.（C） Supply of human kidneys depends on charity rather than market.（D）Human kidneys are not such ordinary goods as s
28、hoes, clothes, etc.16 The word “burgeoning“ (Line 10, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to_.（A）competing（B） overriding（C） developing（D）combating17 According to the author, policies adopted by most countries are bad in that_.（A）they actually force citizens to donate organs（B） the presumed consent is not
29、 morally right（C） they fail to increase supply to an expected level（D）people donate organs because it is voluntary18 What can be concluded from the last paragraph?（A）Legalization of the kidney sales is beneficial to both the sellers and buyers.（B） More regulations are necessary to improve the curren
30、t sorry state of affairs.（C） Kidney sales are in the buyers favor because sellers gain less but lose more.（D）We should not let instinct trump logic, especially in life-and-death situations.19 We can learn from the text that the author believes_.（A）America will be the first country to solve the suppl
31、y problem of human kidneys（B） governments should make organ donations a compulsory act instead of a voluntary one（C） it makes sense to stop individuals from selling organs because the idea is very repulsive（D）the supply problem of human kidneys can be resolved with appropriate regulation19 New Book
32、of EconomicsAnimal SpiritsNo two economic crises are identical. But the same questions recur. How did we get into mess? How can we get out of it? How do we avoid another? Some answers repeat themselves too. You can be pretty sure that sooner or later someone, quite possibly an anguished economist, w
33、ill declare that economics itself has gone astray. The wisdom of some past master, whether celebrated or neglected, has been forgotten, and the economy is paying the price.A new book, “Animal Spirits“ follows this rule to the letter. The authors seek to answer the first of those three old questions
34、and thus to provide some pointers about the other two. They do indeed believe that economics has lost its way. And their chosen economist is Keynes.So far, so familiar. But this book is rather more than the usual lament about the failings of economics. Its authors are two of the disciplines leading
35、lights. Mr. Akerlof won a Nobel prize in 2001, in part for a classic paper explaining how markets may fail. Mr. Shiller sounded a warning about the “ Irrational Exuberance“ of the tech-boom stockmarket in a book of that nameand did the same for the housing market in a second edition.The lesson that
36、Messrs Akerlof and Shiller draw from Keynes is not just the standard one, of the usefulness of deficit finance in recessions. They borrow their title from “The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money“.Most, probably, of our decisions to do something positive, the full consequences of which
37、will be drawn out over many days to come, can only be taken as a result of animal spiritsof a spontaneous urge to action rather than inaction, and not as the outcome of the weighted average of quantitative benefits multiplied by quantitative probabilities.Too much economics, say Mr. Akerlof and Mr.
38、Shiller, has been built on the premise that humans are rational calculators. That is not a new criticism, even from economists. Over the past couple of decades Homo economicus has evolved into a being more like H. sapiens, as economics has drawn on psychology, biology and even neuroscience. “Behavio
39、ural“ economics has shaped public policyfor instance, in encouraging people to save or in shaping the choice of investments in their pension pots. Behavioural economists have earned Nobel prizes. Mr. Akerlof and Mr. Shiller, however, complain that this evolution has been confined mainly to microecon
40、omics. It is time for macroeconomics to catch up.20 The expression “to the letter“ in Para. 2 means_.（A）completely（B） not at all（C） a little（D）to some extents21 What sets the new book “Animal Spirits“ apart from the others in the field of economics?（A）It follows the before-hand set rules to the lett
41、er.（B） It tries to answer the same three questions.（C） It holds the view that economics has lost its way.（D）It is rather more than the usual lament.22 Mr. Shiller has done all the following EXCEPT_.（A）arranging a research about the irrational exuberance（B） writing a book entitled “Irrational Exubera
42、nce“（C） writing a book concerning tech-boom housing market（D）writing a book “Animal Spirits“ independently23 Which of the following statements suits “Animal Spirits“ best?（A）Its originally put forward by Mr. Akerlof and Mr. Shiller.（B） Its a result of our decisions to do something positive.（C） Its s
43、elf-generated urge to action rather than inaction.（D）Its one of the outcomes of the weighted average.24 Which of the following criticisms is originally raised by Mr. Akerlof and Mr. Shiller?（A）Much economics has been built on the premise that men are rational calculators.（B） Economics has drawn on p
44、sychology, biology and even neuroscience.（C） Behavioral economics has shaped public policy in many ways.（D）Evolution in macroeconomics needs to be sped up to catch up.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 31 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
45、(40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据题干关键词，eBay，WhipCar，RelayRides 定位到原文首段和第二段：第一段第一句提到 eBay 是网上拍卖交易： When eBay，now the worlds biggest auctionwebsite，第二段提到 WhipCar 和RelayRides 提供租赁服务：At heart ，both offerings areonline exchanges故选C项。A项“它们服务的可行性都受到质疑”，B项“三者都是中介性质”和D 项“三者都通过网络进行”均是其共同点。【知识模块】 阅
46、读2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据题干关键词 WhipCar，guarantee，reliability 定位到第二段第三句：To ensure that both parties are trustworthy，WhipCar asks，among other things，for details ofboth the rented cars registration and the renters license，and checks them against officialdata为确保双方都值得信赖，WhipCar 还要求提供出租汽车的注册详情和租借人的驾驶执照，并
47、将其信息与官方数据进行核对。由此可知，确保双方身份的真实性是最必不可少的一步，故选A项。B项“让双方签一份汽车共享公司拟定的合同“ ，C项“索要租赁双方的详细信息”D项 “确保双方都对彼此满意 ”，均不是确保双方可信度最重要的部分。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据题干关键词 Compare，WhipCar ，RelayRides定位到原文第二段和第三段。第二段倒数第二句提到：In addition to these measures，RelayRides only accepts carsthat have gone through a safety che
48、ck and installs a device that allows them to be unlockedwith a special card除了这些措施外，RelayRides 只认可那些已通过安全检查的汽车，并且给这些租借汽车安装了一个用专用卡才能开启的装置。由此可知，RelayRides 对汽车的安全要求比较严格，故选B 项。A 项“让车主决定租赁者 ”，文中未提；C 项“价位更低”，文中未对比两公司的价位高低，但两公司的价位比传统的租赁公司价位低；D项“提供的服务更多”，文中未提。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 语义分析题。根据题干关键词 barrier，c
49、ar-sharing 定位到原文第四段第二句：Themain hurdle will be carownersreluctance to share so personal a possession and therequirement to keep it clean其主要障碍是车主们不愿共用这种私人财产，且常常被要求保持汽车清洁。由此可知，车主的态度很关键，故选D项。A项“高额的租赁费和保险费”非主要障碍； B项“共享车公司的可信度”和C项“租车人的可信度 ”文中均未提。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 观点判断题。根据题干关键词 last paragraph，intend 定位到原文最后一段。倒数第二段设问“汽车网上租赁是否会盛行”，并列举了其发展可能存在的障碍，但最后一段句首的 yet 标志语气转折，无论段中提到的养车的高昂费用还是汽车共享俱乐部的情况介绍，都表明汽车共享发展前景可观，故选B项。A项“阐述汽车租赁受欢迎的原因”，C项“阐述养
