1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 366 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The greatest knowledge we can receive is taken from everyday life lessons. If we learn from our many mistakes and grow from each lesson we may learn, we
2、 will be wiser, smarter and happier people.This journey we travel together, called life, holds amazing opportunities along the way. If we are aware of what is happening around us we can gain wisdom from what we observe. If we dont learn from those around us, we lose valuable life lessons.I learned a
3、 great deal growing up with alcoholic parents. I learned from a young age what kind of parent I would strive to be. I gained a great understanding of the damage alcohol can have on a family and this life lesson is with me still today. As a young adult, I believe the greatest lessons I learned were f
4、rom others and their life experiences. I grew to understand there were so many people going through situations much worse than mine. I learned to appreciate the fact that I was loved in spite of the circumstances I lived in.A friend of mine was abused and I realized my problems were minor in compari
5、son. Another one of my best friends was involved in a car accident, and is a quadriplegic. Life takes many turns and twists and the greatest lessons are learned from these experiences.When we look around us and see so much hunger, hurt and hatred we cannot help but find our problems small and manage
6、able. Regardless of our personal situation, we can be assured there is greater suffering all around us.There are lessons in our lives that will give us wisdom to help others. When we experience heartache,we are better able to comfort a friend. We know what they need and can be supportive of them.Lif
7、e lessons come along for many reasons. To teach us to appreciate what we have. To make us aware there is always someone worse off than we are. To learn from our mistakes, teach us to grow and mature. Every day there is a new lesson to learn so we can be better human beings. We really do have the pow
8、er to bring happiness and quality to our lives. Take each lesson along the way and make it count, dont let the negative lessons bring you down but teach you to move forward to a better tomorrow.1 The author believes that everyday lessons _.（A）remind us of the common mistakes ever made（B） provide us
9、with lots of amazing opportunities（C） are an indispensible source of our knowledge（D）lead us in the right direction in the journey of life2 By citing the example of his “alcoholic parents“, the author shows that _.（A）one can draw unforgettable lessons from parents（B） what happens around gives us val
10、uable lessons（C） the lessons drawn from ones parents are bitter（D）alcohol can have immense damage on a family3 The author thinks that every person, especially young people, _.（A）can draw salutary lessons from other people（B） learns how to deal with problems from friends（C） has friends living in more
11、 miserable situations（D）should appreciate the circumstances he lives in4 The misery we see around us reminds us that_.（A）the path of life is rough and rugged（B） hunger, hurt and hatred is inevitable（C） all the problems in life can be solved（D）being optimistic about life is justifiable5 The text prim
12、arily tells us that life lessons_.（A）can be drawn from the mistakes we make（B） create a brilliant future for human beings（C） increase both our knowledge and wisdom（D）teach us how to help ourselves and others5 By the middle of the century, the inventor Ray Kurzweil suggests in his 2005 book The Singu
13、larity Is Near, human beings will live in perpetual clouds of nanobots, molecule-sized robots that spend each moment altering our micro-environments to our precise preferences. Over the longer term, he imagines that nanotechnologythe manipulation of matter at the molecular levelwill let us change ou
14、r shape and appearance, become immortal, and transfer our minds with ease between far-flung planets. By contrast, the thriller writer Michael Crichton describes nanobots running amok in his 2002 novel Prey. With his signature mix of tech savvy and paranoia, Crichton imagines the tiny automatons form
15、ing “nanoswarms“, clouds that visually mimic human beings in order to infiltrate and destroy ussort of microscopic, sentient super-kudzu. Both our hopes and fears regarding nanotechnology have been extreme from the beginning, if we take as the beginning K. Eric Drexlers 1986 book Engines of Creation
16、. Drexler, an engineer, described nanotech as the ultimate fulfillment of humanitys dynamic, self-transforming tendencies: the ability to create whatever we want, whenever we want it, combined with an imperative to take this godlike new power to the stars and turn the universe into our playground. D
17、rexler also described the dark twin of this vision: the “gray goo“ scenario. Self-replicating nanobots, which proliferate by turning surrounding matter into copies of themselves, would go out of control, turning the entire Earth into themselvesthe most homogeneous imaginable version of the apocalyps
18、e. In the words of a technophilic but precaution-prone acquaintance of mine, a computer programmer who has his wristwatch set to alert him if a tsunami approaches Manhattan: “The gray goo scenario should at least give one pause. “Such disaster fears are already fueling calls for regulation, even wit
19、h the technology barely out of the cradle. Nanotech-related products will soon account for $ 2. 6 trillion in sales each year, according to a London School of Business/Rice University study. The current applications are concentrated in products that benefit from highly efficient filtering or surface
20、-application processes, such as microchips, car wax, and sunscreen. But down the road, the likely applications include molecule-perfect wound-healing, flawless cleaning processes, quantum computing, far easier bioengineering, much more efficient photon and electrical transfer, and much more. In a Ju
21、ne 2007 press release, Consumers Union, publisher of Consumer Reports, noted that nanotechnology “ promises to be the most important innovation since electricity and the internal combustion engine“. At the same time, it called for more testing and oversight, warning that some nanotech applications “
22、might pose substantial risks to human health and the environment“.6 An inventor assumes that in the near future human beings will_.（A）live in eternal crowd of nanobots（B） change their shape and appearance（C） handle matter at the molecular level（D）alter their micro-environment at will7 Michael Cricht
23、on suggests that nanobots may_.（A）serve as a sort of microscopic organism（B） become one of the best American thrillers（C） aim at destroying human beings completely（D）behave in a very violent and uncontrolled way8 The gray goo scenario refers to_.（A）the automated self-replicating process of matter（B）
24、 the uncontrollable proliferation of nanobots（C） the creation of a new world with nanotech（D）the adroit manipulation of the universe9 It seems that nanotechnology_.（A）facilitates manufacturing processes（B） provides us with a superb instrument（C） gives us a promise of brighter future（D）causes us a lo
25、t of worry for the future10 Consumers Union believes that nanotechnology is_.（A）likely to improve our life to a great extent（B） undoubtedly the most important innovation（C） an important innovation with potential risks（D）an innovation more important than electricity10 The good news about Americas eco
26、nomy is that jobs are plentiful despite slower growth and the housing blues. Some 180,000 new jobs were created in March and the unemployment rate fell to 4. 4% , three-tenths of a percentage point lower than a year ago. With employment and wage growth strong, consumers are unlikely to stop spending
27、 and throw the economy into recession.That is not all cause for celebration, however. The drop in the jobless rate at the same time as the economy is slowing implies that the growth in productivitythe amount workers produce in an houris waning. If this proves to be a permanent shift, slower producti
28、vity growth bodes ill for inflation and living standards.Few associate America with limping productivity. Central to its success over the past decade has been its “productivity miracle“, the sudden acceleration in workers efficiency in 1995. After advancing at a measly 1.5% per year for more than tw
29、o decades, productivity growth soared to an average of 2. o% a year in the late 1990s and over 3% a year between 2002 and 2004.This spurt set America apart from other rich countries. But between mid-2004 and the end of 2006, the growth in business output per hour outside agriculture, the most common
30、 gauge of worker efficiency, slowed to an annual rate of just 1. 5% , on average. Judging by the recent jobs figures, its growth in the first few months of 2007 may be lower still.Deciding how worrying this is depends on what lies behind the sluggishness. Productivity growth has two components: a lo
31、ng-term trend(set by the quality of the workforce, the pace of capital investment and the speed of innovation)and more volatile short-term fluctuations driven by the business cycle. Early in an expansion, for instance, productivity takes off temporarily as firms squeeze their existing staff harder b
32、efore hiring new workers. As an economy slows, it tails off, because firms are loth to sack workers immediately.This time, temporary factors are almost certainly playing the biggest role. Not only has the business cycle reached the point at which productivity growth usually slows, it also has severa
33、l characteristics that may have exacerbated temporary productivity swings. Unusually savage company cost-cutting early in this cycle is another reason why recent productivity swings have been so extreme.An odd business cycle makes it hard to gauge what has happened to America s underlying rate of pr
34、oductivity growth. So too do shifts in the sources of productivity growth. In the late 1990s workers efficiency rose thanks both to rapid investment, particularly in information technology(IT), and to innovation, again mainly in IT. Hence the conventional view that Americas productivity miracle was
35、based on its ability to harness the power of computers.11 It is true of the text that _.（A）slower economic growth used to result in housing blues（B） new jobs are created more in March than in other months（C） higher unemployment rate is a sign of economic recession（D）consumers are unlikely to stop sp
36、ending no matter what happens12 By saying “That is not all cause for celebration“(Line 1, Paragraph 2), the author implies that_.（A）lower unemployment rate isnt worth celebrating（B） economy recedes in the wake of strong employment growth（C） slower productivity growth has been proven to be a permanen
37、t shift（D）slower productivity growth is hardly good news about Americas economy13 Americas “productivity miracle“ in the late 1990s was mainly due to（A）its ability to make full use of the power of computers（B） the sudden acceleration in workers efficiency in 1995（C） its advancement at a high rate fo
38、r more than two decades（D）its success over the previous decade with limping productivity14 Which of the following contributes most to the recent slower productivity growth?（A）The business cycle.（B） The speed of innovation.（C） The quality of the workforce.（D）The pace of capital investment.15 The prop
39、er title for this text should be_.（A）Making More with Less（B） Making Less with More（C） Taking off or Tailing off（D）What Lies Behind the Sluggishness15 Today, perhaps more than ever, America is a nation of racial and ethnic diversity. For example, the 1980s and 1990s saw a huge increase in the number
40、 of Hispanics and Asians who immigrated to the United States and changed the complexion of our society. Furthermore, indications suggest that the trend toward racial and ethnic diversity will continue.Because of the dramatic change in Americas population, it is likely that when children go to school
41、, the mall or the park, they will meet children who are racially or culturally different. These differences may be visible in skin color, hair texture, dress or some combination of these or other characteristics. Unfortunately, racism and prejudice too often influence how children relate to people t
42、hey view as different.Racism and prejudice are based on exaggerated myths and stereotypes. African-Americans, for instance, are particularly victimized by racism and prejudice. During the time of slavery, many white Americans considered Africa the “dark continent“, inhabited by savages who needed re
43、scued from their wicked ways by Christians. These types of myths and stereotypes formed the basis for racism and prejudice against Africans and served to justify the indignity and harsh treatment imposed upon them during slavery. Despite the passing of more than 300 years, the numerous contributions
44、 of African-Americans to society, the passing of the Civil Rights Act, and continued efforts to eliminate institutional racism, many myths and stereotypes still form the basis for racism and prejudice against people of African descent. Myths and stereotypes exist not only for African-Americans but a
45、lso for many other American ethnic and racial groups such as Jewish-Americans, Italian-Americans, Asian-Americans, Mexican-Americans and Puerto Rican-Americans. Myths and stereotypes cannot be ignored. They form the very basis of racism and prejudice and affect how children of different racial and e
46、thnic backgrounds relate to one another.Prejudiced children have a self-imposed limitation on their educational, social and political development. Prejudice interferes with the learning and development of healthy relationships and can lead to psychological, social or physical harm to others. In esse
47、nce, the effects of racism and prejudice on children affect both individual and societal potential, thus limiting us all.16 The sharp increase of Hispanic and Asian immigrants to the U. S. is given to show_.（A）the prevalence of racial and ethnic diversity in the U. S.（B） the potential change of the
48、complexion of American people（C） the overwhelming appeal of the U. S. for Hispanics and Asians（D）the primary reason for the expansion of the American population17 It can be inferred from the text that_.（A）racism justifies the prejudice against immigrants（B） African-Americans are still treated unfair
49、ly in the U. S.（C） children racially different rarely study in the same school（D）people with racial diversity are living harmoniously in the U. S.18 Which of the following can be thought of as an example of myths and stereotypes?（A）America has always been a nation of racial and ethnic diversity.（B） During slavery most Africans were treated harshly by white colonists.（C） African-Americans are particularly victimized by racism and prejudice.（D）Africa was once a dark place, where lived only sav
