1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 380 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Two years ago, Rupert Murdochs daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions“. Integrity had coll
2、apsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism“ in society should be profit and the market. But “its us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit“. Driving her point home, she continued: “Its increasingly apparent that the absence
3、 of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.“ This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it ha
4、d with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludesfinding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.
5、Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many res
6、pects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never i
7、nquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In todays world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the co
8、llective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairnes
9、s, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had susp
10、icions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructionnor received traceable, recorded answers.1 According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by（A）the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.（B） companies financial loss due to immoral
11、practices.（C） governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.（D）the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.2 It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that（A）Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.（B） more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.（C） Andy Coulson should be held innoce
12、nt of the charge.（D）phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.3 The author believes that Rebekah Brooks s defence（A）revealed a cunning personality.（B） centered on trivial issues.（C） was hardly convincing.（D）was part of a conspiracy.4 The author holds that the current collective doctrine sh
13、ows（A）generally distorted values.（B） unfair wealth distribution.（C） a marginalized lifestyle.（D）a rigid moral code.5 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?（A）The quality of writing is of primary importance.（B） Common humanity is central to news reporting.（C） Moral awareness matte
14、rs in editing a newspaper.（D）Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.5 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada , Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color
15、 of the assistants sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdres
16、sed, Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of “fast fashion“. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H her example cant be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environmentinc
17、luding H people will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford not to.6 Priestly criticizes her assistant for her（A）poor bargaining skill.（B） insensitivity to fashion.（C） obsession with high fashion.（D）lack of imagination.7 According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to（A）
18、combat unnecessary waste.（B） shut out the feverish fashion world.（C） resist the influence of advertisements.（D）shop for their garments more frequently.8 The word “indictment“ ( Para. 2) is closest in meaning to（A）accusation.（B） enthusiasm.（C） indifference.（D）tolerance.9 Which of the following can be
19、 inferred from the last paragraph?（A）Vanity has more often been found in idealists.（B） The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.（C） People are more interested in unaffordable garments.（D）Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.10 What is the subject of the text?（A）Satire on an ex
20、travagant lifestyle.（B） Challenge to a high-fashion myth.（C） Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.（D）Exposure of a mass-market secret.10 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.
21、Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness“ by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty
22、 should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. Thats a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to deathas some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, espe
23、cially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible q
24、ualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deepand bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not mee
25、t a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary
26、standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France s actions, Denmark s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charte
27、r clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.“ The charters main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fas
28、hion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.11
29、According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?（A）Physical beauty would be redefined.（B） New runways would be constructed.（C） Websites about dieting would thrive.（D）The fashion industry would decline.12 The phrase “impinging on“ (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to（A）heightening
30、 the value of.（B） indicating the state of.（C） losing faith in.（D）doing harm to.13 Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?（A）The French measures have already failed.（B） New standards are being set in Denmark.（C） Models are no longer under peer pressure.（D）Its inherent problems are get
31、ting worse.14 A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for（A）setting a high age threshold for models.（B） caring too much about models character.（C） showing little concern for health factors.（D）pursuing perfect physical conditions.15 Which of the following may be the best title of the text?（A）
32、The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry（B） Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty（C） A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France（D）A Challenge to the Fashion Industry s Body Ideals15 In order to “change lives for the better“ and reduce “dependency“, George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer,
33、introduced the “upfront work search“ scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefitand then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reas
34、onableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseekers allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,“ he claimed. “Were doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work fast
35、er“ Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms“ to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were
36、to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness“protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doublin
37、g your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the cr
38、ucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependencypermanent dependency if you can get itsupported by a state only too ready to i
39、ndulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster h
40、appens. Even the very phrase “jobseekers allowance“ is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker“ who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,“ conditional on actively s
41、eeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at 71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.16 George Osborne s scheme was intended to（A）provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.（B） encourage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking.（C） motivate the unemployed to report volun
42、tarily.（D）guarantee jobseekers legitimate right to benefits.17 The phrase “to sign on“ (Para. 2) most probably means（A）to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.（B） to accept the governments restrictions on the allowance.（C） to register for an allowance from the government.（D）to attend a
43、 governmental job-training program.18 What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?（A）A desire to secure a better life for all.（B） An eagerness to protect the unemployed.（C） An urge to be generous to the claimants.（D）A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.19 According to Paragraph 3, being
44、 unemployed makes one feel（A）uneasy.（B） enraged.（C） insulted.（D）guilty.20 To which of the following would the author most probably agree?（A）The British welfare system indulges jobseekers laziness.（B） Osborne s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.（C） The jobseekers allowance has met their ac
45、tual needs.（D）Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 380 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 细节题。根据关键词定位到第一、二段。第一段伊丽莎白谈到了“我们很多机构都面临着令人沮丧的诚信丧失”。接下来第二句指出这是
46、因为大家普遍认为社会中唯一的分类机制应该是利益和市场。而根据第一段最后一句可知，她认为“这是我们人类、是我们这样的人创造我们想要的社会，而不应该是利益”。可见，伊丽莎白很不认可目前的这种分类机制以及所造成的不良后果，这也正是她感到沮丧的原因。故 A 项为正确答案。B 项“公司由于道德操守产生了财政损失 ”，C 项“政府在道德问题上的无能为力”，D 项“各大机构广泛存在的诚信误用”均不符合题意，故排除。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推断题。根据关键词定位到第三段。第三段第一句指出，安迪库尔森由于密谋窃听电话而被判决有罪，然而他的前任却被判决无罪。通过这一事件，作者得出由
47、此造成的道德沦丧问题依然广泛存在，即仍然存在一些人没有被判决有罪。接着文章指出记者们由于已经窃听多达 5 500 人的电话而被人们熟知其他人在等待审判，由此可以推出，将会有更多的记者因为窃听电话而被判决有罪。故正确答案为 B 项。A 项“格伦穆尔凯尔可能会否认窃听电话是犯罪”，C 项“安迪 库尔森应该在指控中被判决无罪”和 D 项“电话窃听在某些特定场合是可以被接受的 ”，均不符合题意。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 细节题。根据关键词定位到第四段。根据该段末句“她成功辩护的核心是，她什么也不知道”可知，作者对该案的审判持否定态度。并且作者在该段第一句话中指出，丧失道德
48、目的不仅体现在如此普遍的电话窃听这一事实上，也体现在审判发生的条件上，其中最震惊的就是对利百加布鲁克斯的审判。因此，作者认为她的辩护是不可信的。故正确答案为 C 项。 A 项“揭露了一个狡猾的人品”，B 项“聚焦于琐碎的小事”和 D 项“是一个阴谋的一部分 ”均不符合题意。【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 推断题。根据关键词定位到第五段。该段第三句指出“社会的分类机制应该是利润”，第四句说明，那些真正起作用的是那些表示利益的词如“效率、灵活性”，而“被退化到边缘的词语是公正、公平”，可见这种信条只关注利益，而忽略了公平与正义，这显然是一种扭曲的价值观。故 A 项为正确答案
49、。B 项“财富分配不公”，C 项“一种边缘化的生活方式”和 D 项“一种严肃的道德标准”均不符合题意。【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推断题。根据关键词定位到最后一段。作者在最后一段前两句话指出“编辑世界新闻的目的不是为了促进读者的理解，也不是为了在所写的内容中追求公平或者违背任何共同的人性，而是为了通过追求发行量和影响力而破坏人们的生活”，即文章从一开始就指出的一个问题，为了追求利益而造成了诚信的丧失。从 ruin 一词可以看出，作者对记者的这一行为持否定态度。并且通过布鲁克斯女士的行为加以佐证。作者通过正话反说的方式突出新闻报道过程中诚信的重要性。故正确答案为 C 项，其中 moral awareness 和 integrity 是同义互换。A 项“写作质量是最重要的”，B 项“共同的人性是新闻报道的核心”和 D 项“记者需要更加严格的产业条例”，均不符合题意。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段，scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her 意为
