1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 41 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by
2、Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, “Contact:The first four minutes“, he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: “ 41 A lot of peoples whole lives would change if they did just that.“You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someon
3、e he has just met. 42 If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, “people like people who like themselves.“On the other hand, we shoul
4、d not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves.It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his own needs, fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, “but Im not a friendly, self-confident person. Thats not my nature. It would be
5、 dishonest for me to that way.“43 We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one.“But isnt it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence whe
6、n we dont actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, “total honesty“ is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for every thing, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contac
7、t with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about ones health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about ones opinions and impressions.44 For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes t
8、ogether after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, alon
9、g with reading, writing, and mathematics. 45 That is at least as important as how much we know.A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with fam
10、ily members and friends.C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.E. He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone m
11、ore interesting in another part of the room.F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.5 LeukemiaLeukemia is the most common type of cancer kids get, but it is still very rare. Leukemia involves the blood and blood-forming organs, such as the bone marrow. _ 41_Akid with leukemia produces lots of a
12、bnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow. Usually, white blood cells fight infection, but the white blood cells in a person with leukemia dont work the way theyre supposed to. 42 The abnormal white blood cells multiply out of control, filling the bone marrow and making it hard for enough normal,
13、 infection-fighting white blood cells to form. Other blood cellssuch as red blood cells (that carry oxygen in the blood to the bodys tissues) and platelets (that allow blood to clot)are also crowded out by the white blood cells of leukemia. These cancer cells may also move to other parts of the body
14、, including the bloodstream, where they continue to multiply and build up.Although leukemia can make kids sick, most of the time it is treatable, and kids get better. Almost all leukemia patients are treated with chemotherapy, which means using anti-cancer drugs. 43 Chemotherapy quickly goes to work
15、, traveling through the blood to the bone marrow. There, the drugs can attack the cancer cells. After several weeks of chemotherapy, many kids begin to feel better.Some children with leukemia will also have to have radiation therapy, too. _44If the cancer isnt getting better from using the usual amo
16、unts of chemotherapy and radiation, then a kid with leukemia will probably need more treatment- with higher doses of chemotherapy and radiation finally kill the cancer cells. But this heavy-duty treatment will also harm the normal cells in the kids bone marrow too, and the bone marrow will no longer
17、 be able to produce normal blood cells. So, doctors will then give a kid -or anyone else who is healthy. 45 A. The chemotherapy drugs are given through a catheter, a narrow tube that is inserted into a blood vessel, sometimes in the kids upper chest.B. Early symptoms of leukemia are often overlooked
18、, since they may resemble symptoms of the flu of other common diseases.C. This is a special procedure called a bone marrow transplant, and it helps the patient make new blood cells so they can recover from the leukemia.D. Bone marrow is the innermost part of some bones where blood cells are first ma
19、de.E. The dont protect the person from infections very well.F. Radiation therapy uses invisible high-energy waves (similar to X-rays) to kill cancerous cells.10 More Efforts Urged to Empower Women at AIDS ConferencePrevention is a central issue being discussed at the sixteenth International AIDS Con
20、ference in Toronto, Canada. Twenty-four thousand delegates are at the conference which ends Friday.Bill and Melinda Gates called for faster research to develop preventions like microbicides for women to use when they have sex. 41 Melinda Gates said the way to “change this epidemic“ is to put power i
21、n the hands of women. In southern Africa, for example, about sixty percent of adults living with HIV are women. Bill Gates said women today often have no choice but to depend on men not to infect them. “A woman should never need her partners permission to save her own life, “ he said as the conferen
22、ce opened Sunday. 42On Monday, former President Bill Clinton said more people would get tested for. HIV if an aggressive effort took place to fight the stigma. But reducing fears of social rejection is not enough. 43Researchers at the conference presented the results of a new study of HIV testing. I
23、t involved more than one hundred thousand people tested in California last year. Some received a quick test, with results in about twenty minutes. The others received a test that is more commonly used; the results takes two weeks. The researchers say twenty-five percent of the people who had the lon
24、ger test did not return to learn the results. 44 George Letup of the University, of California led the study. He says quick tests could be especially important in developing countries with limited transportation.Speakers at the AIDS conference also discussed high rates of new HIV infections among bl
25、ack Americans. Julian Bond is chairman of the NAACP, a leading civil rights group. 45 Public health officials say half of all new HIV infections in the United States are in blacks. African-American delegates at the conference said they will prepare a five-year plan to reduce infection rates and incr
26、ease testing.A. The chairman said African-Americans must, in his words, “face the fact that AIDS has become a black disease. “B. Mr. Clinton said people also need a guarantee they would get medicine to suppress the virus.C. Delegates at the conference have worked Out an action plan to fight the wide
27、 spread of this terrible disease all over the world.D. They hoped that such products could protect against infection with the virus that causes AIDS.E. The worlds richest man said “stopping AIDS“ is the top priority of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.F. But that was true of only two percent of
28、 those who had the quick test.15 What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?When you eat, your body, takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel. _41_Your body uses glucose for energy, so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game. But glucose cant be used by the body on its ownit
29、needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas, a large organ near the stomach. The pancreas makes insulin; insulin brings glucose into the cells; and the body gets the energy it needs. When a person has insulin-dependent
30、 diabetes, its because the pancreas is not making insulin. So someone could be eating lost of food and getting all the glucose he needs, but without insulin, there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy. 42You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes, maybe people of your
31、 grandparents age. Usually, this is a different kind of diabetes called non-insulin-dependent diabetes. It can also be called Type diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes.43When a kid diagnosed with juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes, he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life. It wont ever
32、change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness. 44 Many scientists believe that along with having certain gees, something else outside t
33、he persons body, like a viral infection, is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.But the person must have the gene (or genes) for diabetes to start out with-this means you cant get diabetes just from catching a flu, virus, or cold. And this
34、 type of diabetes isnt caused by eating too many sugary foods, eight. Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a persons body -sometimes months or year. Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious. 45A. Genes are something that you inherit form your parents, and they ar
35、e in your body even before youre born.B. This sugar-fuel is called glucose.C. It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes.D. You cant catch diabetes from people who have it, no mater how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.E. The glucose cant get into the cells of t
36、he body without insulin.F. When a person has this kind of diabetes, the pancreas usually can still make insulin, but the persons body needs more than the pancreas can make.20 “Happy Birthday to You“The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it wo
37、nt stay American. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, its soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal.One theory is that it has been “advertised“ and marketed through American
38、 films, popular music, and more recently, television. 41_They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries.Another theory, probably a more common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called “the spirit of America“. 42The final th
39、eory is less complex: American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries. 43 “Happy Birthday to You“, for instance, is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak, is not remembered. Black leather jackets worn by many her
40、oes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own.Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time when T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, deni
41、m jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bring colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun of in cartoons are back again in Paris
42、 as the latest fashion. _44The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Tod
43、ay, while stills blowing its rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rockn roll and its variations, country & western music, all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted, often in America as well, as being “low-class“, and then as “a danger to our nations youth
44、“. 45And then the music became accepted and was extended and developed, and exported back to the U. S.A. As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.B. But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves.C. Amer
45、ican in origin, informal clothing has become the worlds first truly universal style.D. The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.E. American food has become popular around the world too.F. This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident, informal and
46、disrespectful.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 41 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本文主要讲与人初次见面最初四分钟对于人际交往的重要性。文章开头以自问自答的形式提出主题，然后说 Leonard Zunin 博士在书中向任何想交新朋友的人提出一条建议。什么建议呢?比较一下。只有把 D 放在这里最合适，因为人们常用祈
47、使句向别人提建议。D 是一个祈使句，它的意思是； “每次你在社交场合遇到什么人时，全神贯注地注意他四分钟。”和上下文意思连贯。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 承接上一段，作者在本段第一句话告诉我们有人并不按他建议的那样做。那么这些人怎么做呢?E 说：“他不停地往对方身后看，好像要在屋里其他地方找到更有趣的人似的。”显然此处选 E 最合适。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 文章第三、四段建议当被引见给陌生人时，态度应当友好而自信，还应掌握好分寸。对此有人会说友好和自信非我本性。如果硬要装出如此态度就是不诚实。这是一种反驳意见，我们期待作者的回答。A 说：“作
48、为回答，Zunin 博士说只要我们稍加练习就可以改变社交习惯。”下文是对此的进一步解释。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 到此为止作者主要谈与陌生人相处要注意最初四分钟。从其他句子来看，本段谈的是家庭成员之间在交往中也应注意在一起的最初四分钟，那么选B 是最合适的了。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本段强调人际关系的重要性，C 说： “他认为一生中的成功主要依赖于如何与他人相处。”其意思符合本段主题，后一句的主语 this 指的就是与人友好相处这件事。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 前一句提到，白血病涉及血液和造血器官
49、，如骨髓。接下来应首选阐释骨髓的句子。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 前一句讲，通常情况下，白细胞会对抗感染，但是白血病病人身上的白细胞却发挥不了其应当发挥的作用。这意味着它们不能很好地保护病人免受感染的侵袭。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 前一句涉及化学疗法，即抗癌药物的使用。接下来应首选表达如何使用化疗药物的句子。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 前一句讲到，有些患白血病的孩子也将接受放射治疗。接下来应选择能够说明放射治疗的句子。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 此段的主要意思是，接受大剂量化疗的白血病患者骨髓可能出现问题，不再正常发挥作用。这时，医生就要把一个正常人的骨髓组织移到他身上。这一医疗措施的名称及其作用应该是下一句话所表达的内容。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 整个第二段都是有关比尔盖茨夫妇的。第一句说，比尔 盖茨夫妇要求加快研究，研发一些能杀死微生物的预防制剂提供给妇女性交时使用。第三句以后则分别列出比尔盖茨夫妇所说的
