1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 93 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 We humans have a remarkable brain-mediated capacity to make sounds and let them act as symbolic representations of other things. Two hundred thousand yea
2、rs ago, the first word was spoken. In the arms of an adoring mother, the babbling “mamam“ of an infant became the spoken representation of safety, warmth, nourishment and, the person who provided all of this, mother. Since then we have been able to sequence, structure, and sort the roughly 40 sounds
3、 we are capable of making into thousands of complex languages with millions of unique “words“.Yet while words are our most amazing invention, human communication starts when words have no meaning. It starts by gazing, rocking, stroking, kissing, humming, the sight, sound, smell, and touch of a loved
4、 one. It is in these first nonverbal interactions that one human becomes connected to another and communication begins. The infants cry means, “Im hungry or scared or cold or tired.“ The responsive caregivers actions mean, “Its safe. Eat now. I bring warmth, comfort and pleasure. You are loved.“ To
5、the newborn, the sounds of “I love you“ are, at first, meaningless. But over time, by holding, rocking, gazing and gently strokingas the sounds “I love you“ are whispered over and overthe baby learns the meaning in the word. The sound becomes a word. To the lucky infant, love is the responsive, safe
6、, and warm rhythmic touchthe smile, the hum and the adoring gaze.When language does not develop in the context of caring relationships, we lose the beauty and meaning that words can convey. For each newborn, exposure to repetitive spoken language in a relationship provides the stimulus for neural or
7、ganization that will allow that child to develop complex language capabilitiesthe capacity to understand and to communicate using “words“. This learning process requires that language be derived from social-emotional communication. The face, not the voice, is the major organ of human communication.
8、Words have become our shortcuts.1 The author cites the fact that humans are capable of making 40 sounds primarily in order to _.（A）contrast it with the number of complex languages humans have created（B） educate the reader（C） emphasize the importance of nonverbal communication（D）make a transition int
9、o the next paragraph2 According to the author, communication begins_.（A）with nonverbal interactions（B） two hundred thousand years ago（C） between mother and child（D）with words3 According to the author, infants learn the meanings of words through_.（A）hearing words repeatedly（B） the association of word
10、s and actions（C） their mothers love（D）a bath of physical sensations4 The author believes that it is important that spoken language_.（A）be learned at an early age（B） not be confused with body language（C） not be confused with written language（D）be learned in the context of a caring relationship5 The a
11、uthor is convinced that the face is_.（A）imbued with a power to communicate beyond our imagination（B） a window through which we can see a persons thoughts（C） more important than even the voice in human communication（D）a symbolic representation of other things5 Despite campaigns after campaigns and a
12、variety of gender sensitization measures, women are by far the largest discriminated group across the planet, reveals International Labour Organisations first report on discrimination at work.The report, released internationally on Monday, carries a very comprehensive study on discrimination, entitl
13、ed “Time for Equality at Work“. The report warns that neglecting to tackle “widening socio-economic inequalities“ in the world of work not only amounts to accepting a “waste of human talent and resources“ but could have “disastrous effects on national social cohesion, political stability, and hence
14、growth“ in the years to come.Women are by far the largest discriminated group. Although more and more women are working, much remains to be done. In addition to the “glass ceiling“, the pay gap between women and men is still significant in most countries. The study points out that women are also mor
15、e likely than men to be found in the lower-paid and least secure jobs. Unemployment rates have almost always been higher for women than men. The report shows that many of those who suffer from discrimination especially on the basis of their sex or colourface a persistent “equality gap“ that divides
16、them from dominant groups who enjoy a better life, or even from their own peers who have benefited from antidiscrimination laws and policies.The failure to eradicate discrimination helps perpetuate poverty. The discriminated are often among the poorest of the poor, and poverty is more severe among w
17、omen and other discriminated groups. Discrimination creates a web of poverty and social exclusion, the report says, adding that “eliminating discrimination is indispensable to any viable strategy for poverty reduction and sustainable economic development“.The ILO study observes that everyone gains f
18、rom eliminating discrimination at work individuals, enterprises and society at large. Fairness and justice at the workplace boosts the self-esteem and morale of workers. A more motivated and productive workforce enhances the productivity and competitiveness of businesses. A more even distribution of
19、 opportunities to develop and use ones talents, among different groups in society, contributes to social cohesion in increasingly diverse societies.6 According to the study, failing to deal with inequality in the workplace_.（A）is a waste of resources（B） could lead to a glass ceiling（C） could affect
20、political stability（D）could stimulate economic growth7 The author of the text states that_.（A）an increasing number of women are entering the workplace（B） women get paid as much as men（C） womens salaries are increasing（D）workplace equality is the key to eliminating poverty8 According to the text, dis
21、crimination can lead to_.（A）higher levels of poverty（B） low levels of self-esteem（C） tension between different races（D）increased gender sensitization9 The word “boosts“(line 2, para.5)means “_“.（A）kicks（B） increases（C） aggrandizes（D）supplements10 It can be inferred from the text that_.（A）men are not
22、 discriminated against in the workplace（B） eliminating workplace discrimination could help solve other social problems（C） women need to stand up for their rights（D）women should stick up for each other10 It is not small food production that presents a threat to our health, but large-scale factory far
23、ming.Mad Cow Disease, with its potential to lead to the deaths of thousands of people in the UK, and who knows how many more around the world, is the terrible consequence that has followed from the apparently innocuous practice of feeding dead cows to live ones. The disaster has brought home the imp
24、act that “industrial“ animal husbandryviewing animals as production machinescan have on human health.One only has to scratch the surface of life down on the factory farm to see that Mad Cow Disease may well be only the tip of the iceberg. In a range of areas, from feeding regimes, to animal housing,
25、 to the use of drugs in the pursuit of productivity, human health may be threatened by factory farming. Imposing industrial demands on farm animals may, quite literally, be producing fatal flaws in the end productour food.It is no surprise that, faced with the Mad Cow Disease disaster and escalating
26、 incidence of food poisoning, the UK Governments reaction has been to tighten hygiene regulations. But given the underlying nature of the problemanimals being reared in appallingly cramped conditions, frequently without access to fresh air, clean litter, and sunlightthe measures are unlikely to prov
27、e effective. Paradoxically, they may even make our food less safe, by ensuring that livestock production and slaughter become ever more centralized in the hands of a small number of large industrial-scale operators, better able to bear the costs of regulation than small-scale producers.Consider the
28、conditions that prevail on factory farmsfor example, in intensive chicken sheds. Animals are so crowded together that the floor is scarcely visible, and where it is visible it can be seen to be covered with excrement. The atmosphere is full of dust, with scarcely any sunlight. Would one be surprised
29、 if disease were rampant? Of course not. Yet these are the conditions in which many animals are reared as food.11 In this text the author argues that_.（A）the government has not done enough to combat Mad Cow Disease（B） factory farming poses a health threat（C） small farmers are the key to economic suc
30、cess（D）animals should not be treated poorly12 Why did the government tighten hygiene regulations?（A）In response to Mad Cow Disease.（B） To appease factory farmers.（C） In order to follow international regulations.（D）Because millions of people died of food poisoning.13 The author believes that new gove
31、rnment regulations_.（A）may improve handling of livestock（B） may help control the spread of Mad Cow Disease（C） may hurt the economy by eliminating small farmers（D）may make food even less safe14 The word “excrement“(line 3, para. 5)most probably means “_“.（A）uneaten food（B） animal waste（C） hay（D）dead
32、animals15 The author argues that, given the conditions on factory farms,_.（A）we should all be outraged（B） its no wonder that disease is common（C） the government should institute new regulations（D）Mad Cow Disease may never be fully controlled15 For years, global warming was discussed in the hypotheti
33、cala threat in the distant future. Now it is increasingly regarded as a clear, observable fact. This sudden shift means that all of us must start thinking about the many ways global warming will affect us, our loved ones, our property and our economic prospects. We must thinkand then adapt according
34、ly.When climate scientists use the word adaptation, they are referring to actions intended to safeguard a person, community, business or country against the effects of climate change. Its complement is mitigationany measure that will reduce greenhouse-gas emissions, such as drawing power from a wind
35、 turbine rather than a coal-fired power plant. By cutting emissions, it aims to slow rising temperatures.For years, adaptation was overlooked or disparaged in policy circles; many complained that even discussing it was a sellout that gave governments and others an excuse not to act. Today adaptation
36、 has become an accepted part of the discussion.The need for adaptation is rooted in the unhappy fact that we cant turn global warming off, at least not anytime soon. The momentum of the climate systemcarbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere for decades, while oceans store heat for centuriesensures t
37、hat no matter how much humanity cuts greenhouse-gas emissions, our previous emissions will keep warming the planet for decades. Even if we were to magically stop all emissions today, “temperatures will keep rising, and all the impacts will keep changing for about 25 years,“ says Sir David King, chie
38、f science adviser to the British government. So while we strive to green our economies, we must also mount a major new effort to strengthen our resilience against the impact on the climate that our past emissions have set in motion.Public discussion of global warming in the U.S. is years behind the
39、rest of the world, and adaptation is no exception. “You cant adapt to a problem you dont admit exists,“ notes Richard Klein of the Stockholm Environment Institute, another IPCC co-author. The U.S. has only recently acknowledged global warming, while other countries are already taking concrete action
40、 to prepare for its impact. The Netherlands has some of the strongest flood defenses in the world and is making them stronger. Britain has doubled spending on flood and coastal-defense management, to about $1 billion a year. Even Bangladesh, one of the worlds poorest nations, is taking action.16 The
41、 wind turbine serves as an example of_.（A）adaptation（B） complement（C） mitigation（D）safeguard17 According to the passage, we need adaptation because_.（A）global warming is not likely to be stopped（B） we have to safeguard ourselves and our countries（C） its necessary to raise our resilience（D）government
42、s always have an excuse not to act18 The underlined word in Paragraph 3 refers to_.（A）involved（B） paid attention to（C） looked down upon（D）debated19 The words of Richard Klein suggests that_.（A）to adapt to a problem, one must first admit its existence（B） he admits that the IPCC report exists some pro
43、blems（C） its time for people to face global warming（D）the U.S. didnt acknowledge global warming, let alone adapting it20 By mentioning Bangladesh in the last paragraph, the author intends to_.（A）state that many countries are making precaution for global warming（B） demonstrate that Bangladesh is one
44、of the poorest countries in the world（C） argue that the U.S. has been behind many countries preparing for global warming（D）prove that its very important to make adaptation to global warming考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 93 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c
45、hoosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属逻辑关系题。在第一段最后，作者把人类能够发出的大约 40 个声音和创造的复杂语言相对比。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属信息归纳题。第二段前两句指出：“早在词汇还不具备意义时，人类就开始了交流。人类交流开始于凝视、轻摇、抚摸、亲吻、低吟，看到、听到、闻到、触摸所爱的人。”由此可知，人类的交流开始于非言语互动。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属信息推断题。第二段通过举例，说明动作和语言的结合使婴儿懂得了“我爱你”的意义。可见，婴儿学会语
46、言的意义是通过语言和动作的联系。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属信息推断题。作者在第三段开头指出：“当语言没有在爱护的关系中得到发展，我们就失去了词汇所能传递的美好和意义。”可见，作者认为在爱护的关系中学习语言是很重要的。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属事实细节题。文章在倒数第二句指出：“人类交流的主要工具是面孔，而不是声音。”所以，作者认为在人类交流中，面孔比声音重要。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第二段第二句指出，不解决工作领域社会经济不平等加剧的问题会影响政治稳定。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正
47、确答案】 A【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第三段第二句提到：“工作的妇女的人数越来越多。”【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第四段开头明确指出：“不能根除歧视，贫困就会延续下去。”【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属词义推断题。可以根据承前提示做出判断。上句中指出：“消除歧视各方面都受益。”由此可知，boosts 的词义应为“提高”。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属信息推断题。最后一段开头指出，消除歧视对个人、企业和整个社会都有好处。因此，可以推知，消除歧视有助于其他社会问题的解决。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11
48、 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属主旨思想题，考查全篇中心内容的概括。本文主要讨论大规模工厂化农业对健康的威胁。【知识模块】 阅读12 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属逻辑关系题。第四段开头指出：“面对疯牛病灾难以及食物中毒发生率的迅速上升，英国政府做出反应，加强卫生法规的实施。”显然，这句话的前后文是因果关系。【知识模块】 阅读13 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第四段最后一句指出，这些新措施可能使我们的食品更不安全。【知识模块】 阅读14 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属词义推断题。根据第五段该词所处的上下文语境，可以推知，在鸡棚地面上覆盖的只能是鸡的粪便。【知识模块】 阅读
49、15 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属信息归纳题。最后一段主要告诉我们，工厂化农场环境恶劣，所以疾病猖獗。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读16 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属事实细节题。通过题目可迅速定位至第二段第二句。仔细阅读句子不难发现，风力涡轮机是前面的 any measure thatemissions 的例子，而它正是对前面的 mitigation 的解释说明，因此可知选项 C 符合题意。选项 A 有一定迷惑性，这里作者想要说明的就是减排这一问题，减排是适应的补充措施，故错误。选项 B 和 D 属于从文中挑出的无关词汇，均不合题意。【知识模块】 阅读17 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属逻辑关系题。选项 B 犯了答非所问的错误，实为文章第二段首句对“适应”这一概念的解释，而非原因，故错误。选项 C 犯了移花接木的错误，将第四段末句的部分内容拼凑而来，故错误。选项 D 属于无关干扰，与题目无关，故错误。从第四段首句不难发现题目的答案，选项 A(我们无法让全球变暖停止)符合题意。【知识模块】
