1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 20（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the President of the University about Improving the Sports Facilities on Campus. You should write no more than 120 words, and base your composition on the o
2、utline given in Chinese below:假设你是江林，请你写一封信给校长，建议改善本校体育设施状况，内容应涉及体育设施对大学生的重要性，目前学校体育设施的状况(football ground，sports hall)等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answ
3、er the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.2 Gender Pay
4、Gap, Once Narrowing, Is Stuck in PlaceThroughout the 1980s and early 90s, women of all economic levelspoor, middle class and richwere steadily gaining ground on their male counterparts in the work force. By the mid-90s, women earned more than 75 cents for every dollar in hourly pay that men did, up
5、from 65 cents just 15 years earlier.Largely without notice, however, one big group of women has stopped making progress: those with a four-year college degree. The gap between their pay and the pay of male college graduates has actually widened slightly since the mid-90s.For women without a college
6、education, the pay gap with men has narrowed only slightly over the same span.These trends suggest that all the recent high-profile achievementsthe first female secretary of state, the first female lead anchor of a nightly newscast, the first female president of Princeton, and, next month, the first
7、 female speaker of the Housedo not reflect what is happening to most women, researchers say.A decade ago, it was possible to imagine that men and women with similar qualifications might one day soon be making nearly identical salaries. Today, that is far harder to envision.“Nothing happened to the p
8、ay gap from the mid-1950s to the late 70s,“ said Francine D. Blau, an economist at Cornell and a leading researcher of gender and pay. “Then the 80s stood out as a period of sharp increases in womens pay. And its much less impressive after that.“Last year, college-educated women between 36 and 45 ye
9、ars old, for example, earned 74.7 cents in hourly pay for every dollar that men in the same group did, according to Labor Department data analyzed by the Economic Policy Institute. A decade earlier, the women earned 75.7 cents.The reasons for the stagnation are complicated and appear to include both
10、 discrimination and womens own choices. The number of women staying home with young children has risen recently, according to the Labor Department; the increase has been sharpest among highly educated mothers, who might otherwise be earning high salaries. The pace at which women are flowing into hig
11、hly paid fields also appears to have slowed.Like so much about gender and the workplace, there are at least two ways to view these trends. One is that women, faced with most of the burden for taking care of families, are forced to choose jobs that pay lessor, in the case of stay-at-home mothers, not
12、hing at all.If the government offered day-care programs similar to those in other countries or men spent more time caring for family members, women would have greater opportunity to pursue whatever job they wanted, according to this view.The other view is that women consider money a top priority les
13、s often than men do. Many may relish the chance to care for children or parents and prefer jobs, like those in the nonprofit sector, that offer more opportunity to influence other peoples lives.Both views, economists note, could have some truth to them.“Is equality of income what we really want?“ as
14、ked Claudia Goldin, an economist at Harvard who has written about the revolution in womens work over the last generation. “Do we want everyone to have an equal chance to work 80 hours in their prime reproductive years? Yes, but we dont expect them to take that chance equally often.“Whatever role the
15、ir own preferences may play in the pay gap, many women say they continue to battle subtle forms of lingering prejudice. Indeed, the pay gap between men and women who have similar qualifications and work in the same occupationwhich economists say is one of the purest measures of gender equalityhas ba
16、rely budged since 1990. Today, the discrimination often comes from bosses who believe they treat everyone equally, women say, but it can still create a glass ceiling that keeps them from reaching the best jobs at a company.“I dont think anyone would ever say I couldnt do the job as well as a man,“ s
17、aid Christine Kwapnoski, a 42-year-old bakery manager at a Sams Club in Northern California who will make $63,000 this year, including overtime. Still, Ms. Kwapnoski said she was paid significantly less than men in similar jobs, and she has joined a class-action lawsuit against Wal-Mart Stores, whic
18、h owns Sams Club.The lawsuit is part of a spurt of cases in recent years contending gender discrimination at large companies, including Boeing, Costco, Merrill Lynch and Morgan Stanley. Last month, the Supreme Court heard arguments in a case against Goodyear Tire and Rubber.At Sams Club, Ms. Kwapnos
19、ki said that when she was a dock supervisor, she discovered that a man she supervised was making as much as she was. She was later promoted with no raise, even though men who received such a promotion did get more money, she said.“Basically, I was told it was none of my business, that there was noth
20、ing I could do about it,“ she said.Ms. Kwapnoski does not have a bachelors degree, but her allegations are typical of the recent trends in another way: the pay gap is now largest among workers earning relatively good salaries.At Wal-Mart, the percentage of women dwindles at each successive managemen
21、t level. They hold almost 75 percent of department-head positions, according to the company. But only about 20 percent of store managers, who can make significantly more than $100,000, are women. This is true even though women receive better evaluations than men on average and have longer job tenure
22、, said Brad Seligman, the lead plaintiffs lawyer in the lawsuit.Theodore J. Boutrous Jr., a lawyer for Wal-Mart, said the company did not discriminate. “Its really a leap of logic to assume that the data is a product of discrimination,“ Mr. Boutrous said. “People have different interests, different
23、priorities, different career paths and different levels of desire to go into management,“ he added.The other companies that have been sued also say they do not discriminate.Economists say that the recent pay trends have been overlooked because the overall pay gap, as measured by the government, cont
24、inues to narrow. The average hourly pay of all female workers rose to 80.1 percent of mens pay last year, from 77.3 percent in 2000. But that is largely because women continue to close the qualifications gap. More women than men now graduate from college, and the number of women with decades of work
25、 experience is still growing rapidly. Within many demographic groups, though, women are no longer gaining ground.Ms. Blau and her husband, Lawrence M. Kahn, another Cornell economist, have done some of the most detailed studies of gender and pay, comparing men and women who have the same occupation,
26、 education, experience, race and labor-union status. At the end of the late 1970s, women earned about 82 percent as much each hour as men with a similar profile. A decade later, the number had shot up to 91 percent, offering reason to wonder if women would reach parity.But by the late 90s, the numbe
27、r remained at 91 percent. Ms. Blau and Mr. Kahn have not yet examined the current decade in detail, but she said other data suggested that there had been little movement.2 Within the 1980s and early 90s, the earnings of women of all economic levels were getting less and less compared with their male
28、 counterparts.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG3 Unknowingly, the women finishing college study come to be a big group who has stopped making progress.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG4 Some researchers admit that the first female secretary of state, the first female lead anchor of a nightly newscast, the first female president of Pri
29、nceton, and, next month, the first female speaker of the House are some achievements representing the improved status of the women.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG5 A decade ago, the one-day salaries of some women were nearly the same to the men with similar qualifications.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG6 Nowadays, the obstacle aga
30、inst womens obtaining the best positions at a company comes from bosses who believe man is much more competent than women.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG7 There are fewer women on the position with great salary at Wal-Mart.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG8 The examination of gender and pay at the late 90s by Ms. Blau and Mr. Kahn i
31、ndicates that woman would reach parity.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG9 The causes for the stagnation are _.10 One way to observe the tendency is that some women are forced to take less satisfied jobs for _.11 Meanwhile, some women choose to work for the nonprofit organization for it can _.Section ADirections: In t
32、his section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must
33、 read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）She felt it was tiring.（B） She felt it was very nice.（C） She thought it took less time.（D）She thought it was expensive.（A）His advisor.（B） His teacher.（C） His partner.（D）His boss.（A）Both of them have overcome their fe
34、ar of heights.（B） The woman is afraid of high places, but the man is not.（C） They are both afraid of high places.（D）Both of them like to stand on high places.（A）Franks car was accidentally lost.（B） Frank was killed in a car accident.（C） Frank fell out of a car.（D）Frank survived a car accident.（A）At
35、a church.（B） At a library.（C） At a bank.（D）At a theatre.（A）He should sit in the smoking section.（B） He should ask the stewardess for help.（C） He should move to another part of the plane.（D）He should put out his cigarette at once.（A）He doesnt have enough money to buy a car.（B） He really doesnt want t
36、o buy a car.（C） he plans to buy a car in a little while.（D）He will have enough money for a car soon.（A）It is customary to throw money towards the performer.（B） The man is rich and can afford to throw money towards the performer.（C） The man doesnt want his money any more.（D）The performer hasnt showed
37、 yet.（A）To make an appointment to look at a house.（B） To get information about special housing.（C） To ask about getting a loan to buy a house.（D）To renew his housing contract.（A）With his grandparents.（B） In student housing.（C） With his wifes parents.（D）In his own apartment.（A）He has more than one ch
38、ild.（B） His wife is a graduate student.（C） He is a full-time student.（D）He works at the university housing office.（A）A sick friend.（B） A math class.（C） School policy.（D）The mans test.（A）Because it is against the law.（B） Because the man is not a member of Terrys family.（C） Because the woman cannot fi
39、nd the test.（D）Because Terry was too sick to take the test.（A）Young.（B） Purcell.（C） Raleigh.（D）Kelly.（A）Call his friend.（B） Go to the office to get his test.（C） Send the woman a letter.（D）Take the test later.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each pas
40、sage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）On the side of England.（B） On the side of France.（C） On the side of the United States.（D）On the si
41、de of themselves.（A）At the beginning of the war.（B） At the end of the war.（C） In the middle of the war.（D）It isnt mentioned in the passage.（A）The English won many early battles.（B） The French outlasted the English.（C） In the war, the French expanded southward into Virginia.（D）Both generals on the tw
42、o sides were killed in the battle.（A）About 4,000.（B） Over 300.（C） Less than 2,000.（D）Over 3,000.（A）English.（B） Japanese.（C） Spanish.（D）Greek.（A）Central Africa.（B） South Asia.（C） North America.（D）South America.（A）Birds have to be taught to navigate.（B） A bird that has been caged will not.（C） Some bir
43、ds cannot fly at night.（D）Some birds seem instinctively to follow the stars when flying at night.（A）They migrate from North America to the Falkland Islands.（B） They migrate only once during their lifetime.（C） They migrate using what is apparently an inborn navigational ability.（D）They migrate when t
44、hey are freed from their cages.（A）They find their way by mountain ranges.（B） They find their way by coastlines.（C） They find their way by river courses.（D）They find their way by the three landmarks mentioned above.（A）They circle helplessly.（B） They fly by radar.（C） They use landmarks.（D）They use the
45、 moon.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact w
46、ords you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 The Tomato Growers Association, or TGA, has set out to grow a 【B1】_ tomato at an 【 B2】_ farm
47、near San Diego, California. Employing biotechnology and developments in DNA research, the TGA has determined to grow the “tomato of tomorrow.“ By 【B3 】_ a repellent in the form of an odor, the tomato plant would be able to fight off 【B4】_ by insects. It would 【B5】_ disease and rot, and would 【 B6】_
48、maintain its shape when 【B7】_ at the bottom of a 【B8】 _ of tons of to matoes. 【B9】_. Its heavy, thick leaves would prevent it form becoming sunburned. All tomatoes on a plant would ripen at the same time, to prevent the loss from machine harvest of under-or-over ripened fruit. 【B10 】_.While developm
49、ent of this plant will prove to be extremely expensive, TGA scientists believe that 【B11】_.37 【B1 】38 【B2 】39 【B3 】40 【B4 】41 【B5 】42 【B6 】43 【B7 】44 【B8 】45 【B9 】46 【B10 】47 【B11 】Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choice
