1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 109 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on t
2、he Answer Sheet.0 As protector of her familys health, the pioneer woman confronted situations she never imagined before crossing the Mississippi. Few women came West prepared to deal with desert sunburn, rattlesnake bites, or arrow wounds. Even when doctors were available, they were often no more kn
3、owledgeable than their patients. And most patent medicines were no more reliable than the traveling merchants who sold them.In certain cases, a woman could draw upon the folk wisdom and remedies she had learned back home. Western mosquitoes, for example, proved to be as repelled by a paste of vinega
4、r and salt as were their Eastern cousins. More often, however, a woman was guided only by her own skill in preparing tonics, powders, poisons, and polishes from whatever she had at hand: salt made a passable toothpaste; gunpowder was applied to warts, and turpentine to open cuts; goose grease, skunk
5、 oil, and the ever-present lard (猪油) were basic liniments(擦剂 ) ; medicinal teas and tonics were made from sunflower seeds and roots.1 According to the passage, why were doctors in the West sometimes unable to help their patients?（A）They did not know how to treat the unfamiliar illnesses.（B） They kne
6、w little about medicine.（C） They were not genuine doctors.（D）They were often overcome by diseases.2 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about patent medicines?（A）They were not available.（B） Few doctors knew how to use them.（C） They did not work very well.（D）The merchants who sold
7、 them were reliable.3 It can be inferred that most of the pioneers referred to in the passage were originally from _in the United States.（A）the desert（B） the West（C） the state of Mississippi（D）the East4 As used in Line 3, Para. 2, the word “cousins“ refers to_.（A）similar medicines（B） mosquitoes in t
8、he East（C） people with the same beliefs（D）family members in the East5 It can be inferred from the passage that in order to survive in the West the pioneer had to be_.（A）sincere（B） friendly（C） resourceful（D）hard-working5 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are f
9、ormed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain
10、behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as “na
11、ture/nurture“.Those who support the “nature“ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetics (遗传学) factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to
12、this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.Proponents of the “nurture“ theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our
13、biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to envir
14、onmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior.Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.6 Which one of the
15、following statements would supporters of the “nature“ theory agree with?（A）A persons instincts have little effect on his action.（B） Environment is important in determining a persons behavior and personality.（C） Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.（D）The behaviorists view correct
16、ly explains how we act.7 Which one of the following statements would proponents of the “nurture“ theory agree with?（A）A persons character is greatly influenced by his environment.（B） Behaviorist theory is not correct.（C） Biologically based instincts are important in how we act.（D）Environment has lit
17、tle to do with behavior.8 B. F. Skinner_.（A）supports the nature theory（B） believes in the importance of genes in determining personality（C） thinks the environment plays an important role in determining character（D）believes instincts govern behavior9 Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the wri
18、ter of this article_.（A）supports the nature theory（B） supports the nurture theory（C） believes both are completely wrong（D）thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories 10 In the United States, Black people often score below White people on intelligence test
19、s. With this in mind, which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE?（A）Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks.（B） Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environment.（C） Behaviorists would say that Black of
20、ten lack the educational and environmental advantages that Whites enjoy.（D）Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites.10 While a new school term is about to begin, perhaps we should reconsider the matter of examinations. In July, two writers (Letters to the Edi
21、tor) praised the cancellation of exams because they believe “tests dont tell the whole story.“As a teacher who has worked in four countries, I have had the experience that a student who earns good marks is generally a good student, and that a students final mark in a subject is usually a grade avera
22、ge of the years work. Of course there are exceptions, but they do not have the frequency that would give an unfair picture of a students ability.The simple fact is that proper class work, diligent exam studies and good marks are almost certain indicators of a students future performance. The opposit
23、e, almost certainly, incompetence.There is no acceptable substitute for competition and examination of quality. How can teachers and future officials determine what a student has learned and remembered? Should we simply take the students word for it? Any institution that “liberates“ students from fa
24、ir and formal exams is misguided, if not ignorant. And surely the “graduates“ of such institutions will lack trustworthiness, not to mention being rejected by foreign universities for graduate or other studies. When all is said and done, I sense that a fear of failure and a fear of unpleasant compar
25、isons with others is it the bottom of most ban-exams talk. Excellence and quality fear nothing. On the contrary, they seek competition and desire the satisfaction of being the best.11 Which of the following will the author of this passage agree with?（A）Tests are not effective in measuring the studen
26、ts abilities.（B） Tests are an effective measure of the students abilities.（C） Tests can only measure some of the students abilities.（D）Tests may not be useful for measuring students abilities.12 The two writers mentioned in the first paragraph_.（A）opposed judging students by the results of exams（B）
27、must have proposed other ways of testing students（C） regarded exams as a way of punishing students（D）seemed to be worried about the poor marks of their students13 According to the writer, a students final mark_.（A）is often encouraging（B） often gives a fair picture of the years work（C） often proves u
28、nreliable（D）often tells whether he likes the subject or not14 Ha student graduated from a university which does not require exams he would_.（A）have to continue his studies（B） have a feeling of failure（C） be incompetent（D）not be admitted by foreign institutions15 According to the article, those who d
29、islike the idea of examinations are probably afraid of_.（A）competing with other students（B） being graded unfairly（C） working too hard（D）being dismissed from school15 As scientists learn more about the causes of earthquakes, they become better able to predict them, first of all, they know that quakes
30、 are likely to occur in areas where the tectonic plates (地层地壳板块) push against each other. They study these areas closely, using different instruments. They measure the vibrations of the earth with seismographs(地震仪) , which record on rolls of paper all movements, both large and small. Scientists usua
31、lly use the Richter scale(里希特震级仪 ) named after a famous seismologist(地震学家), for these measurements. When an earthquake measures over 4 5 on the Richter scale, it is strong enough to cause damage. Scientists have determined that an area is not likely to have a large earthquake when many small quakes
32、have been occurring. When the small quakes stop, then pressure builds and a strong quake is more likely.There are several other ways to predict earthquakes. Scientists can measure the tiny changes in the tilt(倾斜) of the land that happen before earthquakes occur. Increases in the amount of radon (氡)
33、, a substance found in deep wells, as well as a higher level of water in the wells, can also mean that an earthquake is likely to occur. In addition, scientists have found that some animals, like dogs, behave strangely before an earthquake, they become nervous and howl(号叫). Seismologists have correc
34、tly predicted several earthquakes. In 1975, they said that an earthquake would occur in Liaoning Province, China, one month, and then one hour, before it happened. In 1978, Russian scientists predicted an earthquake in the Altai Mountains six hours before it occurred. However, not 41 earthquakes are
35、 predictable, and a system for predicting is not yet perfected. Nothing on this earth is certain. Although people who live in California and Japan live with the possibility of a serious quake, perhaps the next strong earthquake will occur somewhere outside the “Ring of Fire“.16 According to the info
36、rmation in Para. 1 seismograph is _.（A）a computer like electronic instrument for predicting earthquakes（B） a special instrument for recording and measuring the vibrations of the earth（C） an instrument which seismologists use to make studies on the causes of earthquakes（D）an instrument with which sei
37、smologists measure the pressure between tectonic plates17 According to the passage, a large earthquake is most likely to occur in an area_.（A）where a series of minor vibrations of the earth have been occurring（B） that is within the “Ring of Fire“ but does not see any vibration of the earth（C） where
38、many small vibrations of the earth have been occurring and then a calm period follows（D）where tectonic plates fit into each other properly18 The following signs that show the coming of an earthquake are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT that _.（A）the amount of radon in deep wells increases（B） the eart
39、h gives off flashes of light（C） the level of water in the wells rises（D）some animals become nervous and behave strangely 19 According to the passage, the earthquake occurred in Chinas Liaoning Province in 1975 _.（A）was twice predicted by seismologists（B） took all the people in the area by surprise（C
40、） was followed by many small vibrations of the earth（D）was correctly predicted by Russian seismologists 20 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?（A）Not all earthquakes are predictable although seismologists have correctly predicted some.（B） Seismology was fully developed
41、 now and earthquake prediction is always reliable.（C） No earthquake prediction is reliable since nothing on this earth is certain.（D）A system for predicting the earthquake is perfected, but prediction is not always correct.20 “. We are not about to enter the Information Age, but instead are rather w
42、ell into it.“ Present predictions are that by 1990, about thirty million jobs in the United States, or about thirty percent of the job market, will be computer-related. In 1980, only twenty-one percent of all United States high schools owned one or more computers for student use. In the fall of 1985
43、, a new survey revealed that half of United States secondary schools have fifteen or more computers for student use. And now educational experts, administrators, and even the general public are demanding that all students become “computer literate“. By the year 2000 knowledge of computers will be ne
44、cessary in over eighty percent of all occupations. Soon those people not educated in computer use will be compared to those who are print illiterate today.What is “computer literacy“? The term itself seems to imply some extent of “knowing“ about computers, but knowing what? The current opinion seems
45、 to be that this should include a general knowledge of what computers are, plus a little of their history and something of how they operate.Therefore, it is vital that educators everywhere take a careful look not only at what is being done, but also at what should be done in the field of computer ed
46、ucation. Today, most adults are capable of utilizing a motor vehicle without the slightest knowledge of how the internal combustion engine works. We effectively use all types of electrical equipment without being able to tell their histories or to explain how they work. Business people for years hav
47、e made good use of typewriters and adding machines. Yet few have ever known how to repair them. Why, then, attempt to teach computers by teaching how or why they work?Rather, we first must concentrate on teaching the effective use of the computer as the tool is,“ Knowing how to use a computer is wha
48、ts going to be important. We dont talk about auto-mobile literacy. We just get in our cars and drive them.“21 By 1990, the number of jobs having something to do with computers in the United States will be_.（A）79 million（B） 30 million（C） 70 million（D）100 million22 The expression “print illiterate“ (P
49、ara. 1) refers to_.（A）one who has never learnt printing（B） one who is not computer literate（C） one who has never learnt to read（D）one who is not able to use a typewriter23 The first paragraph is mainly about_.（A）recent predictions of computer-related jobs（B） the wide use of computers in schools（C） the urgency of computer education（D）public interest in computers24 According to the author, the effective way to spread the use of computers is to teach_（A）what computers are（B） how
