1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 38 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on th
2、e Answer Sheet.0 Under proper conditions, sound waves will be reflected from a hillside or other such obstruction. Sound travels at the rate of about one-fifth of a mile per second. If the hill is eleven hundred feet away, it takes two seconds for the sound to travel to the hill and back. Thus, by t
3、iming the interval between a sound and its reflection(the echo), you can estimate the distance to an obstruction.During World War II the British used a practical application of this principle to detect German planes on their way to bomb London long before the enemy was near the target. They used rad
4、io waves instead of sound waves, since radio waves can penetrate fog and clouds. The outnumbered Royal Air Force(RAF)always seemed to the puzzled Germans to be lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprised. It was radio echoes more than anything else that won the Battle of Britain.Since
5、the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RAF planes and the distance to send them(their range of flight, in other words), the device was called radio directing and ranging, and from the initials the word radar was coined.1 Sound waves reflected from a hill can be used to
6、estimate the_.（A）height of the hill（B） speed of sound（C） distance to the hill（D）intensity of sound2 The estimate is based on the_.（A）direction of the hill（B） accepted speed of sound（C） interval between sound and echo（D）both B and C3 Practical application of this principle resulted in _.（A）new electr
7、onic instruments for planes（B） a radio directing and ranging device（C） new radio sets for RAF bombers（D）an electronic detecting device4 Radar enabled the English to_.（A）detect German planes on their way to London（B） direct the outnumbered RAF planes effectively（C） confuse German bomber pilots（D）both
8、 A and B5 The British used radio waves because they_.（A）were more exact than sound waves（B） could not be detected（C） could penetrate fog and clouds（D）were easier to use than sound waves5 A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement(新拓居地)spread
9、ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities , and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of safe, effective stopping system. Once these w
10、ere solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.The high point in railroad building
11、 came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pac
12、ific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed,
13、 each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the gre
14、at achievement.The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.6 The major prob
15、lems with America s railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in_.（A）poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systems（B） lack of financial support for development（C） limited railroad lines（D）lack of a transcontinental railroad7 The building of the first transcontinental system _.（A）brought about
16、 a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west（B） attracted many visitors to the construction sites（C） attracted laborers from Europe（D）encouraged people to travel all over the country8 The best title for this passage would be _.（A）Settlements Spread Westward（B） The Coast-to-Coast Railroad; A V
17、ital Link（C） American Railroad History（D）The Importance of Railroads in the American Economy9 The construction of the transcontinental railroad took _.（A）9 years（B） 7 years（C） 4 years（D）3 years10 What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?（A）The possibility of government su
18、pport for such a task.（B） The need to explore Utah.（C） The need to connect the east coast with the west.（D）The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.10 I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time. To be in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating ,
19、and I never found a companion so companionable as solitude .We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad than when we stay in our chambers , for solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows.The farmer, who can work alone all day without feelin
20、g lonesome, but must recreate with others at night, wonders how the student can sit alone at night; he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is actually at work in his field and chopping his wood as the farmer was in his.Society is commonly too cheap. We meet at very short interval
21、s, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other; we meet at meals three times a day and give each other a new taste of that musty old cheese that we are; we live thick and are in each other s way, and I think that we thus lose some respect for one another.We have had to agree on a cer
22、tain set of roles, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable. Certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications between men.It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live, for as the value of a man
23、 is not in his skin, we need not touch him.11 A man can be lonely in a crowd because_.（A）loneliness doesnt mean being alone（B） man always wants to work（C） solitude involves space that intervene between a man and his fellows（D）loneliness comes from lack of hearty communication12 The author uses the e
24、xample of the farmer and the student to show that_.（A）men need recreation after their work（B） men are not lonely when they are working（C） solitude is necessary, for a student（D）people have different conceptions of solitude13 When the author says: “Society is commonly too cheap“ , he means that_.（A）w
25、e meet not frequently enough（B） we eat cheap food and live a simple life（C） our lives are so regular（D）people do not have enough hearty communication to realize the value in other people14 The author s opinion on the value of a man is that_.（A）it is underestimated by the rules of etiquette and polit
26、eness（B） it can be discovered through frequent physical contacts（C） it can be found in a man s appearance（D）it doesn t lie in physical contact15 Which of the following is not the author s idea?（A）The idea of solitude is embodied differently in a student and a farmer.（B） The routine life underlies ma
27、n s loneliness.（C） Etiquette and politeness are rules that make frequent meetings tolerable.（D）Less frequent meetings can make us more aware of the value of men.15 A recent study described coal as a “bridge to the future“. As the most plentiful fossil(化石)fuel in the world, coal has the possibility f
28、or filling a growing portion of the demand for energy. But problems cause some trouble to this promising old fuel.Coal is found around the globe, but three countriesthe United States, the Soviet Union and China own nearly two thirds of all known coal reserves . At present rates of using coal these r
29、eserves would last the world more than 200 years, according to the estimates carefully made. Furthermore , scientists think the world probably has 15 times this much coal.While the United States has the largest sharemore than a quarter of the 786 billion tons of known world coal reserves, both the S
30、oviet Union and China produce almost as much coal as the U. S. does.In addition to the category of known reserves, the U. S. Geological Survey(地质调查所)has calculated that the United States has an estimated 1. 7 trillion(万亿)tons of coal at depths of less than 3 , 000 feet. Unfortunately, much of this c
31、oal is not easy to get with present technology or at present prices.To produce and use much more coal than we do today, a number of problems will have to be solved; capital at high interest rates, manpower, and transportation, including insufficient rail facilities. Environmental concerns include th
32、e proper development of mine sites, possible changes in global climate caused by increased carbon dioxide from burning coal, and the objects that are sent out from coal stacks(烟囱)that wear out buildings, poison lakes, and damage human lungs.16 One of the advantages of coal is that_.（A）it can improve
33、 global climate（B） there is a lot of it（C） it is always easy to dig（D）it doesnt pollute17 Which problem is Not mentioned in the article?（A）Difficulties in digging the coal.（B） Pollution of the environment.（C） What happens when the coal is used up.（D）Insufficient rail facilities.18 Which country has
34、the largest share of known world coal reserves?（A）China.（B） The United States.（C） The former Soviet Union.（D）The article doesnt tell us.19 How much coal does the United States have in known coal reserves?（A）786 billion tons.（B） 1.7 billion tons.（C） Nearly 200 billion tons.（D）3,000 billion tons.20 Ac
35、cording to the passage, which of the following statement is true?（A）The U. S. has about 1. 7 trillion tons of coal at depths of more than 3 ,000 feet.（B） Scientists think that all coal reserves have been found out.（C） All coal is easy to get because we have modern technology.（D）The U. S. and China p
36、roduce almost equal amounts of coal.专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 38 答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blacke
37、ning the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 文章第一段最后一句说通过对声音和回音之间的间隔进行计时，可以算出与障碍物之间的距离，故选 C。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据第一段最后一句话 Thus，bytiming the interval between a sound and itsreflection(the echo)， you can estimate thedistance to an obstruction，可知 C 正确。【知识模块】 阅读
38、理解3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据文章最后一句话 the device wascalled radio directing and ranging， and from theinitials the word radar was coined，可知 B 正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 文章第二段提到在第二次世界大战中，英国人利用无线电波可以侦查出德国飞机的位置，而且那些数量占多数的皇家空军常常会对德军造成一定的困惑，第三段提到那些皇家空军是由那些无线电波指控的。故 A 项和 B 项都正确，所以选 D。【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】
39、根据第二段中 They used radio wavesinstead of sound waves，since radio waves canpenetrate fog and clouds，故选 C。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 文章第一段提到早期的火车很不实用，而且铁路公司面临着棘手的技术问题，最严重的是修建能够承担一定重量的铁路轨道和开发安全有效的停靠系统。A 项与文意所述相近，故选 A。【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据文章最后一段 The railroad was veryimportant in encou
40、raging westward movementItalso helped build up industry and farming by movingraw materials and by distributing products rapidly todistant markets，可知 A 为正确选项。【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 文章第一段第一句虽然提到“settlementspread ever farther westward” 但这不是本文论述的中心，故 A 错；选 D 也不合适，因为作者在第三段第二句里谈的足在美国起重要作用的 transconti
41、nental railway，而不是泛指美国的铁路，虽然本文从一个侧面反映了美国铁路的历史，但 C 项范围太大，故 C也错；第三段点明了文章的主旨，说明了这条横贯美国的铁路在开发西部、发展工农业生产和统一美国等方面起到了 a vital link 的作用，故选 B。【知识模块】 阅读理解9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据文章第二段叙述可知，1862 年国会授权铁路公司修建铁路，但实际上 4 年之后即 1866 年才开始这项工程。1869 年完成，故共用了三年时间。【知识模块】 阅读理解10 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据文章最后一段 The railroad was veryimpor
42、tant in encouraging westward movementItalso helped build up industry and farming by movingraw materials and by distributing products rapidly todistant markets，可知 D 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据文章第二段中for solitude is notmeasured by the miles of space that intervenebetween a man and
43、his fellows，可知孤独不是由空间距离造成的，隐含的意思是孤独来自于缺少心灵的沟通，故 D 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解12 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 文章第三段指出农民可以一整天地工作而不会感到孤单，但他却很奇怪为什么一个学生能够在晚上一个人独自静坐，因为他没有意识到学生其实和他一样，也是在工作，所以他也不会感到孤单。【知识模块】 阅读理解13 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据文章第四段中 Society is commonlytoo cheap：We meet at very short intervals，nothaving had time to acquire a
44、ny new value for eachother，故选D。【知识模块】 阅读理解14 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据文章最后一句话 for as the value ofa man is not in his skin，we need not touch him，可知 D 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解15 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 从文章中可知，孤独是由于人与人之间很少的交流，但不是日常事务造成的。因此选 B。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解16 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据文章第一段中 As the most plentifulfossil(化石)fuel
45、 in the world，coal has thepossibility for filling a growing portion of thedemand for energy，可知煤的数量有很多，这可以算作是它的一个优势，其他三项根据文章或常识都可以排除。故选 B。【知识模块】 阅读理解17 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 由第四段中 much of this coal is not easyto get with present technology or at present prices 排除 A 选项，由第五段第一、第二句话排除 B、D选项，故选 C。【知识模块】 阅读理解18
46、【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 由第三段中 While the United States hasthe largest share-more than a quarter of the 786billion tons of known world coal reserves，故选 B。【知识模块】 阅读理解19 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据文章第三段第一句话 While theUnited States has the largest share-more than aquarter of the 786 billion tons of known world coalreserves，可知 78614=1965，故选 C。【知识模块】 阅读理解20 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据文章第三段最后一句话 both theSoviet Union and China produce almost as muchcoal as the USdoes，可知 D 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解
