1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 48 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on th
2、e Answer Sheet.0 Psychology and sociology are both categorized as social sciences, and both study human behavior. However, psychology is the study of individual behavior, whereas sociology is the study of group behavior. Psychology deals with the possible problems an individual might have in social
3、interaction with other individuals, but the main concern of sociology is the ways that different societies with different cultures deal with each other.Sociology asks and tries to answer questions like these: why does one society progress rapidly and another one remain primitive for centuries? What
4、is the main reason for revolution in a society? What is the role of religion or art in a society?Psychology asks and tries to answer questions like these; why does an individual adapt easily to a changing environment and another individual become mentally disturbed? What are the causes of antisocial
5、 behavior? What role does religion or art play in an individual s mental and emotional life?Psychology and sociology often work together in their study of human behavior. It is assumed that by better understanding individual motivation and behavior, more will be learned about group motivation and be
6、havior. The reverse is also assumed: if scientists can learn more about social groups, they will learn more about individuals.1 What would be an appropriate title for this passage?（A）Psychology and Sociology（B） Individual and Group（C） Human Behavior Study（D）Main Concerns of Social Sciences2 Which of
7、 the following questions is the concern of psychology?（A）What is the role of religion or art in a society?（B） What is the main reason for revolution in a society?（C） What are the causes of antisocial behavior?（D）Why does one society progress more rapidly than another?3 According to the author, _.（A）
8、psychology and sociology benefit from each other s research（B） too much emphasis on psychology may cause social problems（C） the study of group behavior is the interest of psychologists（D）different societies with different cultures cannot get along well4 A word which can take the place of “reverse“ i
9、n the last sentence is_.（A）consequence（B） result（C） opposite（D）implication5 Which of the following statements is NOT true?（A）Both psychology and sociology study human behavior.（B） Mental problems should be dealt with by a sociologist.（C） Sociology is the study of group behavior.（D）Psychology pays mo
10、re attention to individuals than to groups.5 There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine(内燃机 )has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons(活塞)being drive. Fo
11、r people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer s impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy(读写能力); it is a trad
12、e skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying tha
13、t all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career, while programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.Learning how to use computer is not that diffic
14、ult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “ user-friendly “. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer“ mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car“ , that
15、is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.In fact, “learning to use a computer“ is much more like “learning to play a game,“ but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There
16、 is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.6 To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should_.（A）try to lay a solid foundation in computer science（B） be aware of how the things
17、 that they use do what they do（C） learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills（D）understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car7 In the second paragraph “violin-making“ is mentioned to show that_.（A）programming a computer is as interesting as making a v
18、iolin（B） our society needs experts in different fields（C） violin-making requires as many skills as computer programming（D）people who can use a computer dont necessarily have to know computer program8 Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because_.（A）programs are becoming less com
19、plicated（B） programs are designed to be convenient to users（C） programming is becoming easier and easier（D）programs are becoming readily available to computer users9 According to the author, the phrase “learning to use a computer “(Para. 3)means learning_.（A）a set of rules（B） the fundamental of comp
20、uter science（C） specific programs（D）general principles of programming 10 The author s purpose in writing this passage is_.（A）to stress the impact of the computer on society（B） to explain the concept of computer literacy（C） to illustrate the requirement for being competent citizens of tomorrow（D）to e
21、mphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job10 Honeybees cannot live alone. Their body structure and instincts equip them for life in a colony or community, where they have a complex social organization and the various duties are divided among the individuals according to
22、 physical fitness and age. An individual worker bee can not produce itself. While it may continue to live if forcibly isolated from its mates, it fails to care for itself adequately, and soon dies. Most insects have the ability to hibernate in winter, but the honeybee seems to have lost this. Since
23、at low temperatures the bee will die, it must have the ability to make its own environment, so far as temperature is concerned. This makes a colony is necessary to the bees in winter, so that they may collectively warm each other. Efficiency, if not necessarily, demands that the work of the colony b
24、e divided, and such a division of labor tends to enhance the need to maintain the colony. The physical structure of the honeybee is further suited for the defense of the entire colony rather than for its own defense. The bee s barbed sting is used only once and is made more effective by the fact tha
25、t it is left behind in the victim. With the loss of the sting, however, the bee dies. This kind of defensive weapon is not of service to the individual, but to the community.11 According to the passage, bees are fitted for communal life by virtue of their_.（A）flexibility and initiative（B） intelligen
26、ce and sensitivity（C） independence and endurance（D）instincts and form12 It can be inferred from the passage that at one time bees had the ability to_.（A）increase their activity in lower temperatures（B） leave cold climates during winter（C） remain inactive through periods of cold weather（D）construct i
27、nsulated hives13 According to the passage, bees differ from most other communities of insects in their need to_.（A）reproduce in large numbers（B） control the temperature where they live（C） divide the work of their colonies（D）have a complex defense system14 According to the passage, the honeybees stin
28、g is particularly effective because it_.（A）has many potential uses（B） can kill several victims at once（C） is located in the rear of the bee s body（D）remains with the bee s victim15 Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?（A）The Communal Life of Bees（B） The Structure of t
29、he Bee（C） The Organization of Insect Colonies（D）The Life of the Social Insects15 It is very interesting to note where the debate about diversity(多样化)is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate(公司的)leaders;
30、none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have
31、to expand the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rate are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women , and more immigrants . Corporate
32、leaders know that if that doesn t occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need.Likewise , I dont hear people in the academy saying, “Lets go backward. Let s go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy(不拘一格选人才
33、)“ , which was never truewe never had a meritocracy, although we ve come closer to it in the last 30 years. I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been professor there
34、 for a long time. And she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now all of us feel the way is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debates is primarily in political circles and in the medianot in corporate board
35、 rooms or on college campuses.16 The word “imperative“(Para. 1)most probably refers to something_.（A）superficial（B） remarkable（C） debatable（D）essential17 Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity?（A）Minorities.（B） Politicians.（C） Professors.（D）Managers.18 High
36、corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to_.（A）lower the rate of unemployment（B） American political circles will not accept diversity（C） be competitive in the world market（D）satisfy the demand of a growing population19 It can be inferred from the passage that_.（A）meritocra
37、cy can never be realized without diversity（B） American political circles will not accept diversity（C） It is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U. S. media（D）minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity20 According to the passage, diversity can be achieved in A
38、merican society by_.（A）expanding the pool of potential employees（B） promoting the pool of potential employees（C） training more engineers, scientists, lawyers and business managers（D）providing education for all regardless of race or sex20 Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure o
39、ur own sizes in inches or centimeters , bacterial size is measured in microns . One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter; a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged
40、 a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile(1.6 kilometers)tall.Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacter
41、ia are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs“ called flagella(鞭毛). Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the wate
42、r. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism.From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses(糖浆)is
43、 to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules(分子)around them. Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molec
44、ules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones. Even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.21 Which of the following is true according to the passage?（A）Rod-shaped bacteria are general
45、ly larger than rounded ones.（B） If we enlarged a rod-shaped bacterium a thousand times, it would still be smaller than a pinhead.（C） If one used a microscope with a magnification of 100 times, he can see the structure of a bacterium clearly.（D）Water molecules move so quickly that a bacterium can not
46、 move in the water.22 According to the passage, one who examines bacteria with an ordinary microscope, using a magnification of 100 times will see_.（A）tiny rods（B） stains（C） wavy-looking hairs（D）detailed structures23 The environment around bacteria is always changing because_.（A）molecules around bac
47、teria move very fast（B） the water is as thick as molasses（C） there is a large number of molecules around bacteria（D）new bacteria always replace the old ones24 The author compares water to molasses in order to show_.（A）how difficult it is for bacteria to move through the water（B） how different the ba
48、cterial world is from the human world（C） how the water molecules work（D）what different bacteria one liquid contains from another25 The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most similar to which of the following?（A）A flag attached to a stick.（B） A cowboy on the cow s back.（C） A door c
49、losed by a naughty boy.（D）A boat pushed by the motor.专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 48 答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 文章第一段讲了心理学和社会学的定义及区别，第二段重点讲社会学，第三段重点讲心理学，最后一段讲两者之间的合作互利。故 A 对。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 C【试题
