1、全国自考(外语教学法)模拟试卷 4 及答案与解析一、Multipe ChoiceDirections: In this section, you are given 15 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct cho
2、ice.1 It was _ who has accomplished the functional linguistics and made the London School of Linguistics one of the most competitive linguistic theories in the world.(A)M.A.K. Halliday(B) Bronislaw Malinowski(C) J.R. Firth(D)Sigmund Freud2 Leonard Bloomfield, a linguist in America, is regarded as th
3、e father of American_.(A)structuralism(B) naturalism(C) functionalism(D)audiolingualism3 The years between 1940 and 1970 is known as_ period.(A)the Reform Movement(B) Modern Language Teaching and Research(C) Communicative Language Teaching(D)Structural Language Teaching4 An ultimate purpose of learn
4、ing a foreign language in a Grammar-Translation classroom is to enable the learners to_.(A)think and communicate in the target language(B) get a practical command of the four basic skills of the language(C) get the same types of abilities that native speakers have(D)read and translate its literature
5、.5 In a Direct Method classroom, grammar is learned inductively through _ activities.(A)listening and speaking(B) translating and reading(C) writing and reading(D)listening and reading6 The following are basic principles of the Oral Approach EXCEPT_.(A)selection principle(B) gradation selection prin
6、ciple(C) four skills principle(D)presentation principle7 Audiolingual Methodologists use dialogues as the main form of language presentation and_ as the main training techniques.(A)sentence patterns(B) drills(C) sentence analysis(D)language points8 The Natural Approach was proposed in 1977 by_, a te
7、acher of Spanish at the University of California.(A)Krashen B.D.(B) Wilkins(C) Tracy Terell(D)Hymes9 The Communicative Approach has a theory of language rooted in_.(A)functional linguistics(B) transformational generative linguistics(C) structural linguistics(D)cognitive linguistics10 The Peoples Edu
8、cation Press joined hands with the Longman Group Ltd. in late 80s and early 90s and compiled a textbook series for Chinese _ teaching.(A)college(B) secondary(C) elementary(D)graduate11 By_, they mean that individuals of one culture have to go through the process of modification in attitudes, knowled
9、ge and behavior in order to function well in another culture.(A)Cognitive theory(B) Suggestopaedia(C) Acculturation theory(D)LAD12 Who was called the father of American structuralism?(A)Chomsky(B) Bloomfield(C) Krashen(D)Palmer13 In _ English became a formal requirement for the college entrance exam
10、ination in China and began to appear in the curriculum for the 4th and 5th year of primary schools.(A)1952(B) 1962(C) 1972(D)198214 In Hymes view, “ _ “ refers to the ability not only to apply the grammatical rules of language but also to know when and where to use these and to whom.(A)linguistic co
11、mpetence(B) communicative competence(C) spontaneous capacity(D)language acquisition device(LAD)15 Which of the following statements is true in the Grammar-Translation Method?(A)L1 was maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of L2.(B) L2 was maintained as the reference system in the acq
12、uisition of L1.(C) Latin was maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of L2.(D)Latin was maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of L1.二、Filling BlanksDirections: In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill in each blank with ONE appropriate wor
13、d. One point is given to each blank.16 The _ Method insists that only the target language should be used in class and meanings should be communicated “directly“ by associating speech forms with actions, objects, mime, gesture and situations.17 The Direct Methodologists assume that learners acquire r
14、ules of grammar_.18 _ from the nature and purpose of education, the Grammar-Translation Method was an expression of classical humanism.19 The objectives of the _ Approach are to help students to get a practical command of the four basic skills and to obtain accuracy in pronunciation and grammar.20 T
15、he general goal of a language programme in the Direct Method is to teach _ skills.21 In the _ Approach ,teaching materials used often teach the language needed to express and understand different kinds of functions.22 The three affective filter factors which determine the speed of success are motiva
16、tion,_and anxiety.23 In the _ Method, dialogues and pattern practice form the basis of classroom practice.24 The _ Approach believes language is best taught when it is being used to transit messages.25 The _ theory is an important element in Piagets theory. The expression was coined to describe “an
17、active organization of past action“.26 Krashen argues that attitudinal factors also play an important role in acquiring a second language, and this is his _ hypothesis filter.27 The _ Approach believes that the student is a negotiator, communicator, contributor and an independent learner of the clas
18、s.28 According to Chomsky, linguistic rules for children develop_.29 What the Chinese teachers and learners need is not blind application of foreign methods, nor is electicism, but_.30 The _ Approach lays emphasis on actual language use, and use of techniques to make classroom simulate real language
19、 environment.31 The basic principle of the Natural Approach is the distinction between language_ and language learning.32 The emphasis on the meaning with new language items and on language skills, rather than on language _, is important in achieving automaticity of using the target language.33 Acco
20、rding to the Audiolingual Method, certain key structures from the dialogue are selected and used as the basis for _ drills of different kinds.34 _ analysis studies how sentences in spoken and written language form larger meaningful units such as paragraphs, conversations and interviews.35 Palmer ins
21、isted there was a basic difference between the _ capacities of human beings and the trained or “ studial“ capacities of the classroom learner.三、MatchingDirections: This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked , , , ,or in Column A wit
22、h the one marked a, b, c, d, or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly.35 1) _ Hermann Paul 2) _ Hymes 3) _ Brunner 4) _ Widdowson 5) _ M.D. Berlitz a) communicative competence b) views of forms and their communicative values c) discovery method d) neogrammatical theory e
23、) Berlitz Method36 1)37 2)38 3)39 4)40 5)40 1) _ the theory of language underlying the direct method 2) _ the theory of learning underlying the direct method 3) _ one of the objectives of the direct method 4) _ one of the techniques of the direct method 5) _ one of the main features of the direct me
24、thod a) students learn to think in the target language b) to achieve correct pronunciation c) spoken language comes before written language d) foreign language learning is analogous to first language acquisition e) conversation practice41 1)42 2)43 3)44 4)45 5)45 1) _ Bloomfield 2) _ Chomsky 3) _ Ha
25、lliday 4) _ Skinner 5) _ Freud a) transformational generative linguistics b) American structuralism c) psychoanalysis d) behaviourism e) functional linguistics46 1)47 2)48 3)49 4)50 5)四、Questions for Brief AnswersDirections: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly. Five points
26、 are given to each question.51 How does the discourse theory explain the second language acquisition process?52 What is Chomsky s explanation of the first language process?53 How do you understand the concept of “direct“ in the Direct Method?54 Is the Communicative Approach a useful one for all prof
27、iciency levels, particularly for beginners?55 How do you understand the relationship between the grammatical forms of a language and their communicative functions?56 What are the five hypothese of Krashen s Monitor Model?五、Questions for Long AnswersDirections: The two questions in this section are t
28、o be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge youve learned. Ten points are given to each question.57 From your own experience of learning English, how should a foreign language be taught in your opinion?58 What do you think will be the trend of FLT
29、in China?全国自考(外语教学法)模拟试卷 4 答案与解析一、Multipe ChoiceDirections: In this section, you are given 15 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each cor
30、rect choice.1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 马利诺夫斯基是功能语言学派的先驱,他提出“语境(context of situation)”这一概念,弗尔斯使它成了伦敦学派的一个关键概念,尽管弗尔斯试图将语言成分与马利诺夫斯基的社会语言学见解结合起来并据此建立一个语言描写的理论模式,但他没能将其理论详解。而是语言学家韩礼德完成了弗尔斯的未竟事业,使伦敦语言学派成了当今世界上最具竞争力的语言理论之一。选项 D 弗洛伊德是著名的心理学家,创建了精神分析(Psychoanalysis)因此选 A。2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 美国语言学家布鲁姆菲尔德(Bloomfield)被认为是美国
31、结构主义语言学之父,他赞成当时在美国心理学界占主导地位的行为主义心理学的理论与原则。3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 外语教学简史可以大致划分为四个阶段:第一阶段 1882-1906 年的外语教学改革运动(The Reform Movement);第二阶段 1906-1940 年的现代语言教学与研究阶段(Modem language teaching and research);第三阶段 1940-1970 年的结构主义语言教学阶段(Structural language teaching);第四阶段 1970-()的交际语言教学阶段(Communicative language teachi
32、ng)。4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 语法翻译法课堂教学的最终目的是让学生能够阅读和翻译所学的文学作品,另一个目的是为学生提供很好的智力训练。选项 A 是直接法的教学目标,培养学生用外语进行交际的能力,使学生能够用外语思维。选项 B 是口语法的教学目的,通过学习语言结构,帮助学生切实掌握四种基本语言技能(听说读写),说的能力被视为基础。选项 C 是听说法的最终目的,即培养学生的语言能力,使他们像本族语者一样,能够自如的运用目标语。5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 直接法认为学生应通过归纳途径习得语法规则,最好的方法不是让学生自己去学习语法规则,而是在说和听的过程中给学生提供直接练习的机会,
33、让学生通过模仿和重复学习语法。选项 B 是语法翻译法学习的途径。6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 口语法是以语法为基础的教学法,给语言课程建立了一个选择(Selection)的科学理论,并制定了一系列选择标准,语法和词汇按难易程度分层次教学(Gradation),新的语言点通过有意义的情景活动得到展示与练习(Presentation)。因此排除 C。7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据结构主义语言学和行为主义心理学的理论,听说法具有如下特点:(1) 四种技能的划分 (Listening,speaking,reading,writing);(2) 对话(Dialogues)是语言教学的主要方式
34、;(3) 强调模仿、记忆和句型操练(Mimicry,memorization,pattern drills);(4) 课堂中避免母语;(5) 使用语言实验室(Language lab)。其中句型操练是听说法教学的核心。8 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 自然法是克拉申(Krashen)和特雷尔(Terrell)提出的一种教学法,其教学原则是:强调自然的语言交际而不是规范的语法学习,并对学习者的错误持宽容态度。1977 年加利福尼亚大学的一名西班牙语教师特雷西.特雷尔提出了自然法,1983 年与克拉申合著了自然法:课堂中的语言习得一书,从此自然法受到人们更加广泛的好评。B 威尔金斯提出了以交际为标
35、准(communicative criteria)而设计的功能意念(functional-notional)大纲的基本要点,其著作意念大纲(Notional Syllabuses)对交际教学法发展有深刻影响。D 海姆斯提出的交际能力(communicative competence)为交际法奠定了基础。9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 交际法的语言理论基础是功能语言学,学习基础是习惯形成理论。B 转换生成语言学是认知法的语言理论基础;C 英国结构主义语言学是口语法的语言理论基础,美国结构主义语言学是听说法的语言理论基础。10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据中国学生的情况,二十世纪八十年代末
36、九十年代初人民教育出版社与朗文出版公司联手编写了一套中学英语课本初中英语与高中英语。这套教材的教学目的是帮助学生获得四会能力和培养他们使用英语进行交际的能力。11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 文化认同说产生于 20 世纪 70 年代末,是由美国的舒曼(Schumann)和安德森(Anderson)提出的,指的是一种文化的成员要想在另一种文化之中行动自如,他们就得改变自己的态度、知识结构和行为举止。选项 A 的代表人物是皮亚杰,着重研究人的认知能力对语言习得的影响;选项 B 是新兴的外语教学法暗示法,与本题无关;选项 D 是由乔姆斯基提出的语言习得机制 (Language Acquisitio
37、n Device),认为儿童天生脑中就有一个语言习得机制来习得语言。12 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 美国语言学家布鲁姆菲尔德被认为是美国结构主义语言学之父,他用行为主义者的术语来描述语言和语言习得。选项 A 乔姆斯基是转换生成语言学派的创始人。选项 C 应用语言学家克拉申于 20 世纪 70 年代提出自我监测模式为自然法奠定了学习理论基础。选项 D 帕尔默是口语法的奠基人之一。13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 到 1962 年,英语成了进大学高考的必考课程,英语也开始出现在小学四五年级的课程表上。14 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 交际能力(Communicative Competenc
38、e)是海姆斯(Hymes)为了把自己的交际语言观与乔姆斯基的语言能力理论相区别而创造出来的,不仅是指乔姆斯基所说的语言能力,而且也包括知道在何时何地使用这些句子,以及用于何种对象的能力。选项 A 是乔姆斯基的语言能力,与其语言表达能力相对应;选项 C 自发能力由帕尔默提出,他认为人们自然的、无意识的习得语言的自发能力与学生通过训练或“学习”得到的能力之间有着本质的区别;选项 D 语言习得机制是乔姆斯基提出的。15 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 语法翻译法所依托的语言理论是由历史比较语言学派生出来的,通过将目标语拉丁语和希腊语和第一语言作对比,将第一语言看作是习得目标语过程中的参照系统。二、Fi
39、lling BlanksDirections: In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.16 【正确答案】 Direct【试题解析】 直接法要求在课堂教学中只用目标语进行教学,利用动作、实物、表情、手势和情景来“直接”表达语言的意义,认为应当把想表达的意思和目标语直接联系起来,而不要先转换成母语这个过程。17 【正确答案】 inductively
40、【试题解析】 与语法翻译法相反,直接法从不直接教授语法规则,学生通过听说练习(Listening and speaking activities)用归纳法(induction)的途径学习语法。18 【正确答案】 viewed【试题解析】 从教育的本质和目的来看,语法翻译法体现了古典人文主义(Classical humanism)的思想。语言被当作一门受尊敬的学问来学,重点是思想的严密性。19 【正确答案】 Oral【试题解析】 口语法的教学目标是帮助学生:(1) 掌握四种基本的语言技能,但说的能力被视为基础;(2) 掌握准确的发音及语法。20 【正确答案】 conversational【试题解
41、析】 直接法的教学目的(objective) 是培养学生用外语进行交际的能力,语言课程(language programme) 的主要目的是教授会话技能。直接法只用外语进行教学的原因就是为了使学生能够用外语思维,并从教学的初始阶段就要注意正确的发音训练,词汇教学应先于语法教学。21 【正确答案】 Communicative【试题解析】 在交际法的教材中,语言内容用来表达和理解语言的不同功能,例如要求、描述、表达好恶等等。22 【正确答案】 self-confidence【试题解析】 克拉申提出的情感过滤器假设(Affective filter hypothesis)指学习者的情绪和态度是可调节
42、的过滤器,它可对语言输入而顺利通过时而拦阻堵塞。情感过滤器的高低与语言输入成反比。其中克拉申确定了三种可变的情感因素与第二语言的习得有关,包括动机(Motivation) 、自信(Self-confidence) 、忧虑(Anxiety) 。这三种情感因素影响了语言学习速度(speed)。23 【正确答案】 Audiolingual【试题解析】 听说法把对话(Dialogues)作为介绍语言的主要形式,把句型操练(Pattern drills)作为主要的训练方法,对话和句型操练是听说法课堂教学中最基本的形式(basis of classroom practice)。24 【正确答案】 Natu
43、ral【试题解析】 自然法(Natural Approach)主要特征之一,语言只有用来传达信息(transmit messages)时才利于教学,当语言只有在被用来传达信息时,而不是有意识的为教语言而教语言时,才最有利于学习。25 【正确答案】 Schema【试题解析】 图式理论(Schema theory)是皮亚杰理论中的一个重要组成部分,这个新创造的词是“对以往行为实行积极组织”的一种描述,它指的是过去的经历,即一个人储存在长期记忆中的东西,在头脑中所形成的框架。26 【正确答案】 affective【试题解析】 克拉申认为在第二语言习得中学习者的态度是很重要的因素,并提出了情感过滤器假
44、设(Affective filter hypothesis),指学习者的情绪和态度是可调节的过滤器,它可对语言输入而顺利通过时而拦阻堵塞。27 【正确答案】 Communicative【试题解析】 交际法课堂教学中学生同时担任了多个角色:(1) 协商者(negotiator),即自己和自己、自己和学习过程、自己和所学习内容进行协商;(2) 交际者(communicator),即他们积极参与到使自己被理解的交际活动中,通过交际学习交际;(3) 贡献者(contributor),即学生要对其他参与者起到一定的积极影响作用;(4) 独立的学习者 (independent learner),即学生不应
45、过分依赖教师的讲解,应具有独立分析学习的意识。28 【正确答案】 unconsciously【试题解析】 乔姆斯基认为每一个儿童生来就具有语言习得机制(LAD:Language Acquisition Device) ,不需要教他们语言,也不需要纠正其语言错误,只要让他们生活在语言环境之中,就能学会语言,并且在不知不觉中掌握其语言规则。29 【正确答案】 judgement【试题解析】 中国英语教学界的人们在努力寻求一种既有科学根据又符合中国国情,能满足中国教师和学生需要的方法。这种需要不是盲目的照搬(blind applications),也不是折中(electisism) ,而是判断(ju
46、dgment)。30 【正确答案】 Communicative【试题解析】 交际法的特点之一是将真实语篇材料引入教材之中,要求学生能用目标语进行交际,因此交际法强调实际的语言使用,而不是语法结构的教授;同时角色表演和模拟活动经常被认为是课堂教学中最有效的综合各种语言技能的训练力法之一,要求在课堂上模拟出现实生活中的真实场景,便于学生更顺利地进行交际。31 【正确答案】 acquisition【试题解析】 自然法的提倡者克拉申的第二语言习得中自我监测模式(Monitor Model)区分了获得和使用第二语言和外语中的两个性质截然不同的过程,一个是“习得”(Acquisition),另一个是 “学
47、习”(Learning)。习得是潜意识过程导致“语言能力”的发展和提高,而学习是有意识的学习语法规则。32 【正确答案】 form【试题解析】 在培养目标语使用的主动性方面,应强调新的语言项目的意义或是强调语言技巧。而不是强调语言形式,单纯强调语言形式会降低学生的积极性。33 【正确答案】 pattern【试题解析】 According to the Audiotingual Method, certain key structures from the dialogue are selected and used as the basis for pattern drills of diff
48、erent kinds.听说法认为,对话和句型操练是课堂上主要的活动形式,其中对话中出现的关键性结构可以用来做句型操练,使其得到巩固。34 【正确答案】 Discourse【试题解析】 Discourse analysis studies how sentences in spoken and written. language form larger meaningful units such as paragraphs, conversations, and interviews. 韩礼德提出了话语篇章分析学专门研究口头及书面语中的句子如何构成具有更大意义的单位,如段落、对话、访谈等等。3
49、5 【正确答案】 spontaneous【试题解析】 Palmer insisted there Was a basic difference between the spontaneous capacities of human beings and the trained or “studial“ capacities of the classroom learner.帕尔默是口语法的奠基人,他坚持认为,人们自然的、无意识的习得语言(acquired language)的自发能力(spontaneous capacities)与学生通过训练或“学习”得到的能力(trained or “studial“ capacities)之