1、全国自考（外语教学法）模拟试卷 2 及答案与解析一、Multipe ChoiceDirections: In this section, you are given 15 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct cho
2、ice.1 The theory of language underlying the Grammar-Translation Method was derived from_.（A）functional linguistics（B） structuralism（C） psychological linguistics（D）comparative historical linguistics2 The grammar analysis and translation as basic procedures appeared in the foreign language learning in
3、 the_.（A）16th century（B） 17th century（C） 18th century（D）19th century3 During the World War , Leonard Bloomfield and C. C. Fries applied theories and ideas of behaviourism and structuralism systematically to foreign language teaching and devised a new approach called_. （A）the Direct Method（B） the Ora
4、l Approach（C） the Audiolingual Method（D）the Cognitive Approach4 Some of the objectives of the Grammar-Translation Method are_ and to train a better understanding of the first language.（A）to help students read literature（B） to make students exercise move（C） to provide students with good mental exerci
5、se（D）to have learners listen and speak more5 An Oral Approach text-book contains tightly organized lessons planned around different_and language points.（A）vocabulary（B） sentence patterns（C） grammatical structures（D）passages6 _believes that language samples can be exhaustively described at any struct
6、ural level of descriptions.（A）The Grammar-Translation Method（B） The Cognitive Approach（C） The Audiolingual Method（D）The Communicative Approach7 In the Natural Approach, a focus on comprehension and_ as well as the provision of right kinds of input provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for
7、successful language acquisition.（A）unforgetful communication（B） meaningful communication（C） comprehensible meaning（D）meaningful context and setting8 The Oral Approach originated with the work of_linguists.（A）British（B） American（C） Japanese（D）German9 The Cognitive Approach teachers believe language l
8、earning is _ not simply the forming of habits.（A）a process（B） recognition（C） communication（D）presentation10 The core of the Natural Approach is _ which is considered a subconscious process.（A）language learning（B） linguistic competence（C） linguistic capacity（D）language acquisition11 The monitor theor
9、y, which is very popular among foreign language teachers in _, was put forward by Stephen Krashen in the late 1970s.（A）America（B） Britain（C） China（D）France12 The Natural Approach teachers have three central roles: to be the primary source of comprehensible input in the target language, _and to choos
10、e and use a rich mix of classroom activities.（A）to make learners active in class（B） to help learners understand messages（C） to create a classroom atmosphere that is interesting, friendly（D）to teach students grammatical rules13 The role of the learners in a Communicative Approach classroom are_.（A）a
11、negotiator（B） a communicator（C） a contributor（D）all of the above14 The Total Physical Response method, put forward by _, is a language teaching method which attempts to teach language through physical activity.（A）James Asher（B） Caleb Gattegno（C） Charles Curran（D）Georgi Lozanov15 The general objectiv
12、e of the Silent Way is to give beginning level students _in basic elements of the target language.（A）reading comprehension ability（B） translating ability（C） oral and aural facility（D）thinking capacity二、Filling BlanksDirections: In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill
13、in each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.16 The _ Method emphasizes on the importance of spoken language. Believing in the natural process of language learning and in the inductive teaching of grammar.17 The Direct Methodologists believe that the best method of teach
14、ing meaning is the one using_experience, generally visual perception.18 _ is a theory of the mind put forward by Sigmund Freud.19 The _ Approach believes that the learner is the center of classroom teaching and language practice is the main form of classroom teaching.20 The _ Approach emphasizes on
15、natural communication rather than formal grammar study and is tolerance of learnerserrors.21 The _ Method places emphasis on repetition, drills, positive reinforcement of correct language production and extensive use of language lab.22 Traditional linguistics was _ in nature.23 Palmer focused on his
16、 main interest in the habit formation of foreign language _ patterns.24 The _ model is the center of Krashens second language learning theory.25 In order to contrast a communicative view of language _ Chomskys theory of competence, Hymes created the linguistic term communicative competence.26 The Co
17、mmunicative Approach attempts to follow the _ acquisition process in the classroom.27 The Natural Approach is to develop the learnersbasic communication skills-both _ and written.28 The Audiolingual Method develops the separation of the language skills into a _ device, that is, listening, speaking,
18、reading and writing.29 The _ Approach emphasizes on oral skills; use of only the target language in the classroom.30 The _ Approach emphasizes on the conscious acquisition of language as a meaningful system.31 In the Grammar-Translation Method, reading passages are planned around the sequenced gramm
19、atical _ and vocabulary to be studied.32 Ausubel believes that the _ material will soon be forgotten because rote learning has little or no association with existing cognitive structure.33 According to the behaviourist psychology, learning a language is a process of set of appropriate language stimu
20、lus-response chains, a _ process habit formation.34 According to the_ approach, language learning in real life differs from language learning in the classroom.35 Since only _, but not the mind, could be observed directly and objectively, it was the only proper subject of study in psychology.三、Matchi
21、ngDirections: This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked , , , ,or in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d, or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly.35 1) _ the Grammar-Translation Method 2) _ the Dir
22、ect Method 3) _ the Audiolingual Method 4) _ the Cognitive Approach 5) _ the Communicative Approach a) The primary function of language is communication. b) All languages originated from one language and were ruled by a common grammar. c) Language is a system of structurally related elements for the
23、 expressions of meaning. d) Every language has its own structures and can not be forced into the constraining pattern of Latin grammar. e) A native speaker has in his brain a set of grammar rules which he can use to make sentences with.36 1)37 2)38 3)39 4)40 5)40 1) _ the theory of language underlyi
24、ng the communicative approach 2) _ the theory of learning underlying the communicative approach 3) _ one of the objectives of the communicative approach 4) _ one of the techniques of the communicative approach 5) _ one of the main features of the communicative approach a) language best learned throu
25、gh use in social context b) to develop the students communicative competence c) role play d) the introduction of authentic texts into the learning situation e) functional linguistics41 1)42 2)43 3)44 4)45 5)45 1) _ the Oral Approach 2) _ the Audiolingual Approach 3) _ the Cognitive Approach 4) _ the
26、 Natural Approach 5) _ the Communicative Approach a) Rule learning, meaningful practice and creativity are the focus of classroom teaching. b) Some of the skills are developing listening, giving oral presentation, project work, role play and stimulation. c) It employs situations for presenting new s
27、entence patterns and drill-based manner of practising them.d) In class students are asked to first listen to a dialogue, then repeat and memorize it. e) When learners are ready to begin talking in the target language, the teacher provides comprehensible and simple response opportunities.46 1)47 2)48
28、 3)49 4)50 5)四、Questions for Brief AnswersDirections: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly. Five points are given to each question.51 Name at least five techniques a Direct Method teacher usually uses.52 Should the commission of errors be prevented as much as possible? Why
29、or why not?53 How does the habit-formation theory explain the second language acquisition process?54 Is dialogue a useful way to introduce new material? Why or why not?55 What are the principles for the selection of language content in language teaching according to the Oral Approach?56 Does it alwa
30、ys matter if the “real world“ is not being practised in the classroom? Why or why not?五、Questions for Long AnswersDirections: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge youve learned. Ten points are given to
31、each question.57 Does it always matter if the “real world“ is not being practised in the classroom? Why or why not?58 What are the two categories of meaning of language proposed by Wilkins? What is the distinction between the two terms?全国自考（外语教学法）模拟试卷 2 答案与解析一、Multipe ChoiceDirections: In this secti
32、on, you are given 15 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct choice.1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 语法翻译法所依托的语言理论是由历史比较语言学派生出来的，通过将目标语拉丁语和希腊语和第一
33、语言做对比，将第一语言看作是习得目标语过程中的参照系统。选项 A 功能语言学是交际法的语言理论基础。选项 B 结构主义是口语法和听说法的语言理论基础。2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 尽管语法翻译法的历史并没有完整详细的文件记载(documentation)，但有一点可以证明，语法分析(grammar analysis)和翻译(translation)在十六世纪已开始成为外语教学最基本的程式。直到十八世纪末期，依据语法规则对目标语进行翻译才成为教学实践中最主要的通行方法，因此，大多数外语教学法专家认为语法翻译法(Grammar-translation method) 始于十八世纪。3 【正确答
34、案】 C【试题解析】 二十世纪 50 年代中期，布鲁姆菲尔德(Bloomfield)以行为主义心理学为基础创立了美国结构主义，弗赖斯(Fries)把结构主义的语言理论的原理运用到语言教学中，都为听说法的产生做出了贡献。选项 A 直接法产生于 19 世纪，主要贡献者有保罗(Paul)、冯特(Wundt)、科梅尼斯、古文(Gouin)。选项 B 口语法产生于 20 世纪二三十年代，贡献人有帕尔默(Palmer)和霍恩比(Hornby)。选项 D 诞生于 20 世纪 60 年代，其主要贡献人有语言学家乔姆斯基(Chomsky)、心理学家皮亚杰(Piaget)。4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 语法翻
35、译法课堂教学有几个目的：(1) 能够阅读和翻译所学的文学作品；(2) 能够理解和掌握目标语；(3) 能够帮助学生发展智力；(4) 能够更好的理解第一语言。其中最终目的是让学生能够阅读和翻译所学的文学作品。选项 A 不确切。选项 B、D 不是语法翻译法的目标。5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 口语教学法除强调教师的作用，还强调课本及视觉教具的作用，教材里每一课是围绕着不同的语法结构和语言点周密计划、精心安排的，它是学习过程中的向导。6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 听说法的语言理论基础是美国结构主义，根据结构主义的观点，语言具备以下特征：(1) 语言成分是以一定规则(rule-governed)
36、或结构(structure) 出现的；(2) 语言实例可以在任何结构层次上详尽描述；(3) 语言的结构像金字塔(pyramid)，即语言层次的大结构系统中有小结构系统；(4) 语言是口头的话语。不是笔头的文字；(5) 语言各不相同。选项 A 是以传统语言学为基础； B 认知法是以乔姆斯基的转换生成语法为基础；D 交际法是以韩礼德的功能语言学为语言理论基础。7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 自然法的重要理论假设是：语言习得的唯一途径是理解信息，语言被视作为传达信息和意义的工具。自然法把重点集中到听力理解(comprehension)、有意义的语言交际(meaningful communicati
37、on) 和提供能理解的语言输入 (proper input)，这三方面为在课堂上进行成功的第二语言(外语)习得创造了充分必要条件。8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 口语教学法/情景教学法是 20 世纪二三十年代英国应用语言学家们首次提出来的，其中最有影响的有帕尔默(Palmer)和霍恩比(Hornby)，该法的语言理论基础可以说是一种英国的结构主义。9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 认知法认为语言学习是一种积极的心智活动过程(active method processes)，而不是简单的习惯形成过程 (forming of habits)。这一点是他们不同的语言理论和学习理论所决定的。美国结构
38、主义语言学和行为主义心理学认为语言学习是习惯形成的过程，而转换生成语言学和认知心理学认为语言学习是心智活动过程。因此排除 B、C、D。10 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 克拉申(Krashen)认为第二语言的学习者可随意地使用两种完全明显而相互独立的方法来发展和提高其第二语言能力，一个是习得(Acquisition)，一个是学习(Learning)。其中习得是在一种自然交流的环境中通过语言有意义的相互作用而产生的，是潜意识过程(subconscious process)导致“语言能力”的提高，而不是通过有意识的学习语法规则。选项 B 是乔姆斯基将语言划分为两个模式：语言能力(Linguisti
39、c competence)和语言表达能力(Linguistic performance)。11 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 克拉申是美国南加利福尼亚大学的应用语言学家，20 世纪 70 年代提出自我监测模式为自然法奠定了学习理论基础。12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 自然法教师有三个主要任务：第一，她主要负责收集和提供目标语教学中理解性的语言输入材料(the primary source of comprehensible input in the target language)。第二，她的任务是创造一个有趣的、友好的课堂气氛，创造一个心理障碍少的、宽松的学习环境(to create a
40、 classroom atmosphere that is interesting，friendly，and in which there is a low affective filter for learning)。第三，她必须选择和使用丰富多彩的课堂活动(to choose and use a rich mix of classroom activities)。因此排除 A、B、D。13 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 交际法课堂教学中学生同时担任了多个角色：(1) 协商者(negotiator)，即自己和自己、自己和学习过程、自己和所学习内容进行协商；(2) 交际者(communicat
41、or)，即他们积极参与到使自己被理解的交际活动中，通过交际学习交际；(3) 贡献者(contributor)，即学生要对其他参与者起到一定的积极影响作用；(4) 独立的学习者 (independent learner)，即学生不应过分依赖教师的讲解，应具有独立分析学习的意识。14 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 全身反应法(Total Physical Response Method)是试图通过身体动作来教语言的教学法，其倡导者是阿舍(Asher) 。选项 B 加蒂格诺(Gattegno) 倡导的是沉默法(Silent method)，认为课堂上教师应尽量少说话，而鼓励学生多说话。选项C 柯伦是
42、集体语言教学法的提倡者，该方法建议教师要把学生当成一个 “完整的人”(whole person)来对待，所以有时这种方法也叫“人文主义教学法”(humanistic approach)。选项 D 洛扎诺夫(Lozanov)提倡的暗示法(Suggestopaedia)，旨在学习者应当对自己认为存在的那些局限性进行“反暗示”，更好的利用脑力资源。15 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 沉默法的教学目标是培养初学者能用目标语(target language)的基本成分(basic elements) 进行听说的能力 (oral and aural facility)。近期的目标是给学生提供目标语实用的基
43、础语法知识(basic practical knowledge of grammar)。选项A、B 是语法翻译法旨在取得的目的。二、Filling BlanksDirections: In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.16 【正确答案】 Direct【试题解析】 直接法强调口语的重要性，主张先教听说，再教读写，认为在教学中应遵循语言学习的自
44、然途径，应当用归纳法来教授语法，即教师不直接教语法，而是让学生在使用语言的经历中自己发现并归纳语法规则。17 【正确答案】 sensory【试题解析】 科梅尼尔把直接法(Direct Method)的理论概括为以下两点：(1) 学生通过归纳途径习得语法规则。(2) 教语义的最好方法是利用学生的感官体验(Sensory experience)，一般是视觉概念。18 【正确答案】 Psychoanalysis【试题解析】 心理学家弗洛伊德提出的精神分析(Psychoanalysis)，他把人的意识分为有意识(consciousness)和无意识(unconsciousness)两种。19 【正确答
45、案】 Cognitive【试题解析】 认知法的学习理论是和行为主义心理学理论相对立的，认知学习理论强调人类感知和学习中的天生组织原则，学习语言是积极的主动过程，它不认为重复模仿和操练实践是人类学习的特征，反对把学习看成是习惯形成的过程。20 【正确答案】 Natural【试题解析】 自然法是克拉申和特雷尔提出的一种教学法，其教学原则是：强调自然的语言交际(Natural communication)而不是规范的语法练习，并对学习者的错误持宽容态度，它的核心是语言习得(language acquisition)，习得是学习者的潜意识过程(subconscious process)。21 【正确答
46、案】 Audiolingual【试题解析】 听说法的教学步骤是认别(Recognition)、模仿和复述(Imitation and repetition)、句型操练 (Pattern drills)、补充练习(Follow-up activities) ，其间一旦学生犯了错误，教师会立刻纠正其错误来强化学习，听说法的特点之一就是语言实验室的引入。22 【正确答案】 practical【试题解析】 传统语言学派研究具有实用性，研究语言的目的是为了读懂古代的经典，因此对于他们来说书面语优于口语，口语是语言的滥用，并把单词作为研究的起点，研究语言规则是采用规定式的方法(Prescriptive a
47、pproach)。23 【正确答案】 speech【试题解析】 口语教学法/情景教学法的学习理论基础是行为主义的习惯形成理论(Habit-formation theory)。外语学习基本上被认为是一个习惯形成的过程，而这一过程是帕尔默(Palmer)教学法原则的核心。他强调一开始就要养成良好的语言习惯，为此目标，语言应力求准确，应给学生提供语法正确的句子和句型(speech patterns)，通过反复操练，学生就能获得流利的说目标语的能力。24 【正确答案】 monitor【试题解析】 克拉申是自然法的倡导者，他提出的自我监测模式(Monitor Model)是他的第二语言学习理论的中心。2
48、5 【正确答案】 with【试题解析】 交际能力(Communicative Competence)是海姆斯(Hymes)为了把自己的交际语言观与乔姆斯基的语言能力理论相区别而创造出来的，不仅是指乔姆斯基所说的语言能力，而且也包括知道在何时何地使用这些句子，以及用于何种对象的能力。26 【正确答案】 natural【试题解析】 交际语言教学应遵循自然的语言习得过程(natural acquisition process)。交际法试图在课堂教学中创造出自然真实的语言习得环境。27 【正确答案】 oral【试题解析】 设计自然法的主要目的是培养基本的语言交际技能口语表达和书面表达能力，帮助初级学习
49、者逐步过渡到中级水平。28 【正确答案】 pedagogical【试题解析】 根据结构主义语言学和行为主义心理学的理论，听说法把语言分成听、说、读、写四种技能，认为这些技能都可以被分开进行教授，由于语言习得的自然顺序孩子习得母语的顺序是听、说、读、写，所以听说法在这四种教学技能(pedagogical device) 中特别强调听、说能力的培养。29 【正确答案】 Oral【试题解析】 口语法亦强调口语优先于书面语，课堂教学用目标语。30 【正确答案】 Cognitive【试题解析】 认知法认为，语言是一个意义系统(meaningful system)，强调在理解的基础上有意识的学习语言(conscious acquisition)，其依据的理论基础是认
