1、1八年级(下) Units 34中考基础知识梳理类别 课标考点要求词汇攻关1.lend(v.)_lent_(过去式/过去分词)借给；借出_borrow_(反义词)借；借用2independent( adj.)_independence_( n.)独立3develop( v.)_development_( n.)发展；发育；成长_developing_( adj.)发展中的_developed_( adj.)发达的；成熟的；先进的4fair( adj.)_fairness_( n.)公平性；合理性_unfair_(反义词)不合理的；不公正的5ill( adj.)_illness_( n.)疾病；
2、病6communicate( v.)_communication_( n.)交流；沟通7proper( adj.)_properly_( adv.)正确地；恰当地8.usual(adj.)_unusual_(反义词)特别的；不寻常的_usually_( adv.)通常地；寻常地9fold( v.)_unfold_(反义词)展开；打开10throw( v.)_threw_(过去式)_thrown_(过去分词)扔；掷11sweep( v.)_swept_(过去式/过去分词)扫；打扫12cloud( n.)_cloudy_( adj.)多云的13argue( v.)_argument_( n.)辩论
3、；争论14press( v.)_pressure_( n.)压力15push( v.)_pull_(反义词)拉；拽16typical( adj.)_typically_( adv.)典型地17quick( adj.)_quickly_( adv.)快地；迅速地短语归纳1.倒垃圾_take_out_the_rubbish_2频繁；反复_all_the_time_3一就_as_soon_as_4目的是；为了_in_order_to_5依靠；信赖_depend_on_6照顾；处理_take_care_of_7快速查看；浏览_look_through_8重要的事_big_deal_9成功地发展；解决_
4、work_out_10.和睦相处；关系良好_get_on_with_11删除；删去_cut_out_12比较；对比_comparewith_13依看_in_ones_opinion_14过来；顺便拜访_come_over_15浪费时间 _a_waste_of_time_16生某人的气 _be_angry_with_sb._17和某人打架 _have_a_fight_with_sb._句型再现(含情景交1.(请求帮助)“你能扫一下地吗？”“好的，当然可以。”_Could_you_please_ sweep the floor?Yes，_sure_.2(请求他人的允许)“我可以用 你的电脑吗？”“
5、对不起，我现在要用。”_Could_I_use_your computer?_Sorry_Im going to work on it now.3他们应该将时间花在学业上，为的是取得好成绩并考上好大学。They should spend their time on schoolwork _in_order_to_get_good_grades_ and _get_into_ a good 2际)university.4同时，当他们长大后，他们将不得不做家务，所以他们现在没必要做家务。Also，when they get older，they will have to do housework
6、so _there_is_no_need_for_them_to_do_it_ now.5反正我认为做家务不是很难。我并不介意做家务。And anyway，I think _doing_chores_ is not so difficult.I _do_not_mind_doing_ them.6.昨天我发现我的妹妹在翻阅我的东西。I found my sister _looking_through_ my things yesterday.7相反，他想看什么就看什么，一直看到深夜。Instead he watches _whatever_he_wants_ until late at nig
7、ht.8孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。_The_earlier_ kids learn to be independent，_the_better_ it is for their future.9人们不该把自己的孩子逼得太紧。People _shouldnt_push_ their kids so hard.10并且他们总是把他们和其他孩子作比较。And they _are_always_comparing_ them with other children.11他们中有很多人在学习应试的技巧以便能考入一所好高中，随后进入一所好大学。Many of them are learnin
8、g exam skills _so_that_they can get into a good high school and later a good university.12.我的问题就是我不能很好地和家人相处。My problem is _that_I_cant_get_on_with_my_family_.13.虽然她做得不对，但也没什么了不起的。_Although_shes wrong，its not a _big_deal_.14.你最好的朋友不再信任你了。Your best friend does _not_trust you _anymore_.语法 1.情态动词could用
9、于表示请求与允许(详见第二编P120)2.连词until，so that，although(详见第二编P110111)话题 Unit 3 Chores and permission(家务和许可)Unit 4 Interpersonal communication(人际沟通)素材包如何与他人相处：1.No one can live without keeping in touch with others.So its important to learn how to get on well with others.2.We should be kind and friendly to othe
10、rs，and then we can make more friends.3.If we are free，we can do some volunteer work to help our neighbors.对人际沟通中存在的问题给出建议：1.Dont be afraid of making mistakes because no one is perfect.2.Youd better talk with your parents or teachers so that they can help you.3.Try to listen more carefully and think
11、of better ways to understand your parents.贵阳中考重难点突破neither的用法 (教材八下P19)【满分点拨】词性 含义 用法 例句作主语，谓语动词常用单数 Neither is right.两个都不对。代词两者都不(表示全部否常与of连用，neither of名词复数/代词复数(此结构用Neither of them was/were in good health，but both of them 3定) 作主语时，谓语用单数或复数都可以)worked very hard.他们两个人身体都不好，但工作都非常努力。限定词两者都不用在单数名词之前(用作
12、主语时，谓语用单数)Neither book is my favorite.两本书都不是我最喜欢的。副词也不表达前面所说的(否定)情况也适用于另外一个人，常构成倒装句：Neither系动词/助动词/情态动词主语(此句型时态与前一句时态要保持一致)Jeff wasnt at school and neither was Ben.杰夫不在学校，本也不在。He doesnt go to school by bike.他不骑自行车上学。Neither do I我也不骑。【归纳拓展】neithernor用作连词，意为“既不也不”，连接两个并列成分表示否定；反义短语为bothand，意为“两者都”。连接主
13、语时，谓语动词一般遵循“就近原则”。如：Their house is neither big nor small.他们的房子不大也不小。Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不对。( B )1.(新信息题)I dont like the movie Hello， Mrs. Money(李茶的姑妈)_ do I.ASo BNeither CAlso( C )2.Neither you nor he _ Hawaii before.Ahas gone to Bhave been toChas been to( C )3.(2018达州中考改编)Why dont you ge
14、t used to the life in Beijing?_ the crowded traffic _ the high living cost.The only reason is the badly polluted air.AEither；or BBoth；andCNeither；nor辨析borrow，lend与keep (教材八下P20)【满分点拨】词汇 含义 用法 例句borrow 借进说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于borrow sth.from sb.结构中，为终止性动词lend 借出说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用于lend sth.to sb.或lend sb.st
15、h.结构中，为终止性动词Can I borrow this book？我可以借这本书吗？Yes，but you mustnt lend it to others.可以，但你不许借给别人。keep 保存；保留用于表示借用的时间长度，可以和表示时间段的时间状语及how long等连用，为延续性动词，可用于现在完成时How long may I keep this book？这本书我可以借多长时间？Two weeks.两周。borrow，lend，keep1Can I _borr ow_ your dictionary?Of course，but please remember that you c
16、ant _lend_ it to others.42I borrowed Toms car 2 days ago，and he told me I could _keep_ it for a week.3(2018黔东南中考)I borrowed an English book from my classmate.(改为同义句)My classmate_lent_ an English book _to_ me.辨析provide，give与offer (教材八下P22，P27)【满分点拨】单词 含义 用法provide 指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等做好充分准备而“供给、提供” provi
17、de sth.for sb.provide sb.with sth.give 多指一般性的“给；给予” give sth.to sb.give sb.sth.offer 侧重表示“愿意给予”，强调主动提供 offer sth.to sb.offer sb.sth.He offered me a job.他 提供给我一份工作。They provided us with a car.他们给我们提供了一辆车。I gave a nice present to my mother on Mothers Day.在母亲节那天，我送给妈妈了一份精美的礼物。【温馨提示】若offer所接的直接宾语和间接宾语都为
18、代词时，只能用offer sth.(代词) to sb.(代词)。( B )1.(2019预测)The new supermarket_ local people with more chances to work.Agives Bprovides Coffers( A )2.(2018深圳中考)Jack _ to help at the underground station on Saturdays.Cool！Lets join him next Saturday.Aoffers Brefuses Cforgets( B )3.I _ a football to my brother as
19、 his birthday present.Abought Bgave Cprovidedallow的用法 (教材八下P25)【满分点拨】His parents wont allow him to stay out late.他的父母不会允许他在外待到很晚。He is not allowed to watch TV too late.他不可以看电视到很晚。We dont allow smoking in the hall.我们不允许在大厅内吸烟。( C )(2018重庆中考B卷改编)Their parents dont allow them _ in the river because its
20、 really dangerous.Aswim Bswam Cto sw imas soon a s的用法 (教材八下P19)【满分点拨】(1)as soon as意为“一就”，引导时间状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。有同样5用法的时间状语从句连词还有the minute/the moment等。如：Ill tell you as soon as/the minute/the moment he gets there.他一到那里，我就告诉你。(2)as soon as possibleas soon as one can/could，意为“尽可能快地”。( A )1
21、.When shall we begin our trip?Well set out _ our headteacher arrives.Aas soon as Bever since Cso that( A )2.(2018北部湾中考改编)As soon as she _ in Nanning，she will call you.Aarrives Barrive CarrivedPeter，could you please take out the rubbish？彼得，请你把垃圾倒掉好吗？(教材八下P17)【满分点拨】句式 常见答语Could(Can/Would/Will)you plea
22、se do sth.？表示请求或征求意见(相当于Please do sth.)肯定：Yes，sure./Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./No problem.否定：Sorry，I cant.I have to/Im afraid not.Could you please not do sth.？常表示委婉批评或建议(相当于Dont do sth.)Sorry，I wont do that again.Could I do？表示请求许可(相当于May I？)肯定：Sure./Yes，you can. 否定：Sorry，but you cant/youd
23、better not./No，you cant.( A )I have to go now.Could you please order a taxi for me?_！AMy pleasure BYou are kidding CGood ideaThe earlier kids learn to be independent，the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。(教材八下P22)【满分点拨】这个句子是比较级的一个重点句型： the比较级，the比较级，意为“越，越”。如：The more you pay，the mor
24、e you will gain.付出越多，收获越多。( C )1.The harder you work，_ youll be.Aluck Bluckier Cthe luckier( A )2.(2018齐齐哈尔中考)Miss Brown tells us to remember that_ careful we are，_ mistakes we will make.Athe more；the fewerBthe fewer；the more Cthe more；the lessWhy dont you go to sleep earlier this evening？你今天晚上为什么不早
25、点睡呢？(教材八下P25)【满分点拨】6(1)如何提出建议：What/How aboutdoing sth.？做某事怎么样？Shall we do sth.?我们做某事好吗？Youd better (not)do sth.你最好(不)做某事。提出建议Why not do sth.?为什么不做某事呢？Lets do！让我们做吧！Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做某事吗？(2)回答建议的常用句型：肯定答语：Good idea./OK./All right./Sure./Certainly.否定答语：No，thanks./Sorry，I cant./Im afraid no
26、t.( A )1.(2018毕节中考改编)Why not _ reading right now?Astart Bto start Cstarting( B )2.(新信息题)The new movie Last Letter(你好，之华) is on.Wha t about _ the cinema to watch it?Ago to Bgoing to Cwent to( B )3.(2018达州中考改编)I have a bad cold，mom.Oh，dear！Youd better _ a doctor with me in a minute.Awill see Bsee Csee
27、ing4(2018重庆中考B卷)Why dont you watch a talk show？(改为同义句)_Why_ _not_ watch a talk show？随堂知识巩固单项选择。( A )1.(2018宜宾中考)She stopped talking _ her mother came into the room.【考点】Aas soon as Bunless Cthough ( B )2.(2018桂平三模改编)I dont understand the story in the new unit.What about you，Bill？【考点】_.ANeither I do B
28、Neither do ICSo do I( C )3.(2018宜昌中考改编)A research suggests that walking helps people live longer.I quite agree，but it _ on when and how they walk.Aremains Breturns Cdepends( A )4.(2018天水中考改编)In order _ for the competition，my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.7Anot to be late Bnot be
29、ing lateCto be late( A )5.(2018唐山路北期末改编)If you want to know more about space，please_ the book A Brief History of Time.Alook through Blook aroundClook after( C )6.Weve got no coffee.Lets have tea_Aeither Byet Cinstead( B )7.(2019预测)Our company provides all the people around the world_ the best servic
30、e.【考点】Ato Bwith Cfor( C )8.(2018荆州中考改编)I do feel a little_ about making a speech.Take it easy.The more you prepare，the better you will feel.Aangry Bbored Cnervous( C )9.(易错题)Could you _ me your book，Tom？【考点】OK.And you can_ it for two weeks.Alend；borrow Bborrow；lendClend；keep( B )10.(2018扬州中考改编)The Q
31、ueqiao satellite(卫星) will form a _ bridge betw een controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon.Acontribution BcommunicationCcelebration高频话题写作指导烦恼与建议话题解读“烦恼与建议”属于中学英语课程标准中第八个话题人际关系。“建议是在乎你的人给予你的最真诚的关爱，建议是爱护你的人给予你的最温暖的期待”，可见这种类型的文章是具有人文关怀类型的文章，是学生在人际交往过程中特别需要的一种语言表达能力。从命题角度上来看：以“人际交往”为主题的书面表达是中考
32、常考话题。学生在校园生活和家庭生活中难免会遇到很多的烦恼和困惑。此类型的文章就是锻炼学生使用语言清楚地描述自己的困惑和烦恼，向他人求助的能力。学生若能结合自己的实际情况，就会有很多的写作素材。从作文类型上来看：此类型文章属于应用文范畴，兼具交际性、记叙性和议论性。所以通常采用叙述与建议结合的方法进行写作。叙述，即叙述困惑、烦恼或问题；建议，即陈述自己对此问题的看法，同时给出建议。从作文内容上来看：此类型话题可能涉及到的内容有：1描述同学们在生活中或学习中遇到的各种困扰，并提出解决的方法和建议；2描述成长中的一些烦恼，如同学之间的人际交往、父母与子女的沟通(如2017黔东南中考、2016毕节中考
33、)等，并给出建议和解决方法。核心词汇和句型1词汇problem 问题pressure 压力8stressful 有压力的；紧张的argue with 与某人争论overcome difficulties 克服困难face difficulties 面对困难be in trouble 在困境中be friendly to 对友好get into a fight with sb.和某人吵架 get on/along well with 与相处得好2.句型There are many things you can do.你有很多事情可以做。I hope the advice is helpful t
34、o you.我希望这个建议对你有帮助。Why not help your parents with some housework？为什么不帮助你的父母做些家务呢？You should have some time to relax yourself.你应该让自己有放松的时间。I would like to share my experience with you.我想和你分享我的经验。In a word，if we deal with our problems and stress in proper ways，we can have a happier life.总之，如果我们用正确的方式处
35、理问题和压力，我们就能有一个更快乐的生活。典例剖析(安徽中考)假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack来信说他暑假期间会来中国交流学习。他学了两年中文，但是仍然担心用中文交流时会遇到困难。请你用英语给Jack 写封回信，提几点建议，要点如下：1.大胆自信；2.放慢语速；3.借助图画或肢体语言等表达方式。注意：1词数80100；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.信中不得出现与本人相关的信息；4开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：自信的confident；肢体语言body languageDear Jack，How is everything going？ I am very glad to
36、learn that you are coming to China this summer._Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua 【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：1本篇作文为应用文，叙述你的美国朋友可能遇到的问题，并给出你觉得能解决这个问题的几个方法；2此类型作文的主体时态为一般现在时，主要使用第二人称，也可根据表达需要灵活运用其他人称。【写作导图】LetterGreetingHow is everything going?SuggestionsFirst，be brave9Second，speak slowly and clearly.Whats more，
37、draw pictures andEndingBest wishes!【参考范文】Dear_Jack，How_is_everything_going？I_am_very_glad_to_learn_that_you_are_coming_to_China_this_summer.Its not necessary to worry about your Chinese.Id like to share my ideas，which I think might help.First，be brave enough to speak Chinese when you communicate wit
38、h others.Its of g reat importance to be confident about yourself.We Chinese are very friendly so you neednt be afraid of making mistakes.Second，its better to speak slowl y and clearly.In this way, you can make yourself understood more easily.Whats more，sometimes you can use drawings or pictures.And
39、as you know，body language is also widely used across cultures.Sometimes it really works.Best_wishes!Yours，Li_Hua【名师点评】本文的亮点之处有：1.时态使用正确，提出建议时用一般现在时；2.Its not necessary to do sth.，be brave enough to do sth.，be of great importance，be afraid of，make yourself understood等句式及短语的灵活运用，体现了作者丰富的语言积累；3.first，s
40、econd，whats more等词汇的运用使文章层次分明。自我测评(2018广州中考改编)假如你是英语校报编辑李华，校报收到初一新生Ben的来信，他提出了所面临的两个问题。请你根据以下提示写一封80词左右的回信，说明Ben的问题，提出你的建议并陈述理由。Bens problems Your advice and reasons参加学校社团(club)结识更多朋友朋友少，感觉孤单(请你补充)多阅读英语故事、新闻在运用中学单词英语单词难记(请你补充)Dear Ben， I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble getting used to l
41、ife in middle school.In your letter，you said that you always felt lonely because of having few friends.I think its a good choice to join some clubs in your school.In this way，you can make more friends.Besides，youd better be friendly to others.On the other hand，you found it difficult to remember English words.Reading more English stories and news can help you learn English words.In addition，if you can develop a habit of keeping an English diary，it will be easier for you to remember more words.I hope you will find these suggestions useful.Good luck with everything!Yours，Li Hua
