2019届高考数学二轮复习解答题双规范案例之——解析几何问题课件.ppt

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1、解答题双规范案例之 解析几何问题,【重在“巧设”】1.解析几何部分知识点多,运算量大,能力要求高,在高考试题中大都是在压轴题的位置出现,是考生“未考先怕”的题型之一,不是怕解题无思路,而是怕解题过程中繁杂的运算.,2.在遵循“设列解”程序化运算的基础上,应突出解析几何“设”的重要性,以克服平时重思路方法、轻运算技巧的顽疾,突破如何避繁就简这一瓶颈.,【思维流程】,【典例】(12分)(2018全国卷II)设抛物线C:y2=4x的焦点为F,过F且斜率为k(k0)的直线l与C交于A,B两点,|AB|=8. (1)求l的方程. (2)求过点A,B且与C的准线相切的圆的方程.,切入点:利用直线方程与抛物

2、线联立,并结合抛物线弦长公式求解. 关键点:设出圆心坐标,利用圆的性质求解.,【标准答案】 【解析】(1)由题意得F(1,0),l的方程为 y=k(x-1)(k0). 1分 设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),由 得k2x2-(2k2+4)x+k2=0. 2分 =16k2+160,故x1+x2= . 3分,所以|AB|=|AF|+|BF|=(x1+1)+(x2+1)= . 4分 由题设知 =8,解得k=-1(舍去),k=1.5分 因此l的方程为y=x-1. 6分 (2)由(1)得AB的中点坐标为(3,2), 所以AB的垂直平分线方程为y-2=-(x-3), 即y=-x+5. 8分,设所求圆的圆心坐标为(x0,y0), 则 解得 或 10分,因此所求圆的方程为(x-3)2+(y-2)2=16或 (x-11)2+(y+6)2=144. 12分,【阅卷现场】 第(1)问踩点得分 设出直线方程得1分. 将方程组化为关于x的一元二次方程得1分. 利用根与系数关系求出x1+x2正确得1分,错误不得分. 利用抛物线的性质写出|AB|,并用含有斜率k的式子,表示出来得1分. 求出斜率得1分. 写出直线方程得1分.,第(2)问踩点得分 求出AB的垂直平分线方程得2分. 求出圆心坐标得2分. 写出圆的方程得2分,每正确一个得1分.,

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