1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2008 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgJ2046 AUG2008 SURFACEVEHICLESTANDARDIssued 1993-01Revised 2008-08 Superseding J2046 JAN1993 Personal Watercraft Fuel Systems RATIONALESAE Personal Watercraft Recommended Practice J2046 was finalized in January 1993. It
5、 has been widely accepted by the Personal Watercraft industry and used as a guide towards standard engineering practice since its inception. It is part of the certification criteria of the National Marine Manufacturers Association Personal Watercraft Certification Program and has become a technical
6、reference within ISO 13590 Personal Watercraft Construction and System Installation Requirements. As a result of this activity, the Recommended Practice classification of this SAE Technical Report can be upgraded to the Standard level. 1. SCOPE This SAE Standard applies to permanently installed gaso
7、line fuel systems in personal watercraft as defined in 2.2, except fuel systems on outboard engines. 1.1 Purpose This document specifies guidelines for fuel systems of personal watercraft. This document is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experi
8、ence and technical advances. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Publications The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warre
9、ndale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J1527 Marine Fuel Hoses SAE J2046 Revised AUG2008 - 2 -2.1.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel
10、 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.ASTM D 380 Methods of Testing Rubber Hose ASTM D 413 Test Method for Rubber PropertyAdhesion to Flexible Substrate ASTM D 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of Liquid ASTM D 573 Test Method for Rubber: Deterioration in an Air Oven ASTM D 1149 Test Method for Rubbe
11、r Deterioration Surface Ozone Cracking in a Chamber ASTM D 1621 Compressive Strength of Rigid Cellular Plastics ASTM D 1622 Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics 2.1.3 Military Publications Available from the Document Automation and Production Service (DAPS), Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue,
12、Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6257, http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/.MIL P-21929B Plastic Material Cellular Polyurethane, Foam-in-Place, Rigid Two and Four Pounds per Cubic Foot 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Fuel System Means the entire assembly of the fuel fill, vent, tank and distribution c
13、omponents including pumps, valves, strainers, carburetors, and filters. 3.2 Static Floating Position Means the attitude in which a watercraft floats in calm water, with each fuel tank filled to its rated capacity, but with no person or items of portable equipment on board. 3.3 Personal Watercraft Me
14、ans a vessel less than 4 m in length, which uses an internal combustion engine powering a water jet pump as its primary source of propulsion, and is designed to be operated by a person or persons sitting, standing, or kneeling on, rather than within, the confines of a hull. 4. GENERAL 4.1 Each fuel
15、system fitting, joint, and connection must be arranged so that it can be reached for inspection, removal, or maintenance without removal of permanent boat structure. 4.2 The fuel system shall be designed not to leak liquid fuel into the watercraft when: (a) the watercraft is overturned through 180 d
16、egrees of roll in either direction, and (b) the watercraft is overturned through 90 degrees of pitch in either direction. 4.3 The fuel system shall be designed not to leak liquid fuel into the watercraft when subjected to 21 kPa (3.0 psi) or 90% design relief pressure of the system, whichever is gre
17、ater. SAE J2046 Revised AUG2008 - 3 -4.4 The fuel system shall be designed to automatically stop the supply of fuel to the engine when the engine is not running.5. FUEL TANKS 5.1 Fuel Tank Prohibited Materials 5.1.1 A fuel tank shall not be constructed of terneplate. 5.1.2 Unless it has an inorganic
18、 sacrificial galvanic coating on the inside and outside of the tank, a fuel tank shall not be constructed of black iron or steel. 5.1.3 A fuel tank encased in cellular plastic or in fiber-reinforced plastic shall not be constructed from a ferrous alloy. 5.2 Cellular Plastic Used to Encase Fuel Tank
19、5.2.1 Cellular plastic used to encase fuel tanks shall not change volume by more than 5% or dissolve after being immersed in any of the following liquids for 24 h at 29 C (84 F): a. Reference fuel B of ASTM D 471 b. No. 2 reference oil of ASTM D 471 c. 5% solution of trisodium phosphate in water 5.2
20、2 Cellular plastic used to encase fuel tanks shall not absorb more than 55 g (0.12 lb) of water per 930 cm2(1 ft2) of cut surface, measured under Military Specification MIL P-21929B. 5.2.3 Non-polyurethane cellular plastic used to encase metallic fuel tanks must have a compressive strength of at le
21、ast 414 kPa (60 lb/in2) at 10% deflection measured under ASTM D 1621. 5.2.4 Polyurethane cellular plastic used to encase metallic fuel tanks must have a density of at least 0.032 g/cm3(2.0 lb/ft3), measured under ASTM D 1622. 5.3 A means shall be provided to check the fuel level or a reserve fuel su
22、pply shall be provided. 5.4 With the watercraft in its static floating position, a fuel tank when filled shall have an air expansion volume or be equipped with a system that prevents pressure in the tank from exceeding 80% fuel tank design pressure. 5.5 Fill and vent openings shall be at or above th
23、e liquid level when the tank is filled to capacity in its static floating position.5.6 Fuel Tank Static Pressure Test A representative fuel tank shall not leak if tested using the following procedures. 5.6.1 Fill the tank with air or inert gas to 21 kPa (3 psi) or 90% of the design relief pressure,
24、whichever is greater. 5.6.2 Examine each tank fitting and seam for leaks using a leak detection method other than the pressure drop method. 5.7 Fuel Tank Shock Test A representative fuel tank shall not leak when tested using the following procedure. 5.7.1 Confirm that the tank does not leak when pre
25、ssure tested according to 4.6. SAE J2046 Revised AUG2008 - 4 -5.7.2 If the tank is nonmetallic, precondition the tank by filling it to capacity with gasoline that has at least a 50% aromatic content. Keep the fuel in the tank at 21 C (70 F) or higher for at least 30 days prior to testing. 5.7.3 Moun
26、t the empty tank on the platform of an impact test machine in a manner similar to the manner in which the tank is installed in the watercraft. 5.7.4 Fill the tank to capacity with water. 5.7.5 Apply 1000 cycles of 25G vertical accelerations at a rate of 80 cycles or less per minute. Apply the accele
27、rations within 76 mm (3 in) of the center of the horizontal mounting surface of the tank. The duration of each vertical acceleration pulse measured at the base of the shock envelope must be between 6 and 14 ms. 5.7.6 Check the tank for leaks using the procedure specified in 4.6. 6. FUEL TANK INSTALL
28、ATIONS 6.1 Each fuel tank shall not support a deck, bulkhead, or other structural component. 6.2 Fuel tanks shall not be integral with the hull or engine. 6.3 Each metallic fuel tank as installed shall permit water to drain from the top surface when the watercraft is in its static floating position.
29、 6.4 Each fuel tank support, chock, or strap that is not integral with a metallic fuel tank shall be insulated from the tank surface by a material that does not absorb moisture. 6.5 Cellular plastic shall not be the sole support for a metallic fuel tank. 6.6 Plastic Encased Fuel Tanks 6.6.1 Each fue
30、l tank encased in cellular plastic foam or in fiber-reinforced plastic shall have the connection and fittings accessible for inspection and maintenance. 6.6.2 If a metallic fuel tank is encased in cellular plastic or in fiber-reinforced plastic, water shall not collect between theplastic and the sur
31、face of the tank or be held against the tank by capillary action. 6.6.3 If the plastic is bonded to the surface of a metallic fuel tank, the adhesive strength of the metal to the plastic bond shall exceed the cohesive strength of the plastic. 7. FUEL TANK FILL SYSTEM 7.1 Each fuel fill opening shall
32、 be located so that when the watercraft is in its static floating position, a gasoline overflowof up to 19 L (5 gal) per minute for at least 5 s will not enter the watercraft. 7.2 Each hose in the tank fill system shall be secured to a pipe, spud, or hose fitting by a method which prevents leaks and
33、 prevents the hose from becoming disconnected. 8. FUEL PUMPS 8.1 Each diaphragm fuel pump shall not leak fuel into the watercraft if the primary diaphragm fails. 8.2 Each electrically operated fuel pump shall not operate except when the engine is operating or when the engine is being started. SAE J2
34、046 Revised AUG2008 - 5 -9. CARBURETORS Each carburetor shall not leak more than 5 cm3of fuel in 30 s when: a. The float valve is open (if applicable) b. The carburetor is at half throttle and c. The engine is cranked without starting or the fuel pump is delivering the maximum pressure specified by
35、its manufacturer (if applicable). 10. FUEL STOP VALVES Each electrically operated fuel stop valve in a fuel line between the fuel tank and the engine shall open electrically only when the ignition switch is on. 11. FUEL FILTERS AND STRAINERS Each fuel filter and strainer must be supported on the eng
36、ine or boat structure independent from its fuel line connections, unless the fuel filter or strainer is inside a fuel system component. 12. SPUD, PIPE AND HOSE FITTING Except when used for a tank fill line, each spud, pipe, or hose fitting used with hose clamps shall have a bead, a flare, or a serie
37、s of annular grooves or serrations no less than 0.4 mm (0.015 in) in depth. 13. CLIPS, STRAPS, AND HOSE CLAMPS 13.1 Each clip, strap, and hose clamp must be of a corrosion-resistant material and not cut or abrade the fuel line. 13.2 Hose clamps, when used, shall be used with hose designed for clamps
38、 13.3 Hose clamps, when used, shall be beyond the bead or flare, or over the serrations of the mating spud, pipe, or hose fitting.14. METALLIC FUEL LINE 14.1 Each metallic fuel line connecting the fuel tank with the fuel inlet connection on the engine shall not be made of carbon steel; and except f
39、or corrugated flexible fuel line, each metallic fuel line shall have a minimum wall thickness of 0.74 mm (0.029 in). 14.2 Each metallic fuel line that is mounted to the watercraft structure shall be connected to the engine by a flexible fuel line and shall be attached to the watercrafts structure wi
40、thin 102 mm (4 in) of its connections to a flexible fuel line. 15. PLUGS AND FITTINGS A fuel system shall not have a fitting for draining fuel. ExceptionA plug used to remove fuel and/or water within the fuel filter or strainer shall have a tapered pipethread or be a screw type fitting with a lockin
41、g device other than a split lock washer. 16. HOSES AND CONNECTIONS 16.1 Each vent and fuel distribution hose shall meet the requirements of Section 19. 16.2 Each vent and fuel distribution hose shall be secured by a method which prevents leaks and prevents the hose from becoming disconnected. SAE J2
42、046 Revised AUG2008 - 6 -17. GROUNDING Each metallic component of the fuel fill system and fuel tank which is in contact with fuel must be statically grounded so that resistance between the ground and each metallic component of the fuel fill system and the fuel tank is less than 100 .18. FIRE TEST T
43、he fuel system in a representative personal watercraft equipped with its complete engine and fuel system shall not leak when tested using the following procedure. 18.1 Fill the fuel tank to one-fourth total capacity. 18.2 Close all bilge drains which might permit the fuel to flow out of the engine c
44、ompartment. 18.3 Confirm fuel system meets the requirements of 4.3. 18.4 Pour an amount of heptane over the engine sufficient to burn at least 2.5 min, but no longer than 5 min. 18.5 Ignite the heptane. 18.6 Observe burning heptane after ignition. 18.7 Close engine compartment. 18.8 Wait 2 min, 30 s
45、 18.9 Open engine compartment and extinguish any remaining flame with carbon dioxide (CO2).18.10 Pressurize the fuel system to 2 kPa (0.25 psi) with air or inert gas and check for leaks. 19. FUEL HOSE SPECIFICATIONS The following hose specifications apply to two types of fuel hose for personal wate
46、rcraft. One type is a reinforced hose with a cover and the other is a hose without a cover. 19.1 Tensile Strength and Elongation Test in accordance with ASTM D 573 procedures for Tensile Strength and Elongation. Specimens shall meet the conditions of Table 1. TABLE 1 - TENSILE STRENGTH AND ELONGATIO
47、N SpecificationHose with Cover Tube Material Hose with Cover Cover Material Hose without Cover Hose Material Original Strength 8.0 MPa 7.0 MPa 8.0 MPa Original Elongation 200% Minimum 200% Minimum 200% Minimum 19.2 Dry Heat Resistance After heat aging per ASTM D 573 for 70 h at 100 C 2 C (212 F 4 F)
48、 specimens taken from the hose shall not have a reduction in tensile strength of more than 20% or a reduction in elongation of more than 50%. 19.3 Ozone Resistance Test procedure, apparatus, and acceptance level shall be in accordance with ASTM D 1149. This test applies to the outer surface of the h
49、ose only and cracks in the inner surface or cut edges shall be ignored. SAE J2046 Revised AUG2008 - 7 -19.4 Oil Resistance After 70 h immersion at 100 C 2 C (212 F 4 F) in ASTM Oil No. 3 per ASTM D 471, specimens taken from the hose shall meet the conditions of Table 2. TABLE 2 - OIL RESISTANCE SpecificationHose with Cover Tube Material Hose with Cover Cover Material Hose without Cover Hose Material Reduction in Tensi
