2018年高中数学第二章圆锥曲线与方程2.3.1双曲线及其标准方程课件7北师大版选修1_1.ppt

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1、2,1取一条拉链; 2如图把它固定在板上的两点F1、F2; 3 拉动拉链头。,思考:把拉链头看做一个动点M,拉动过程中它有什么样的几何性质?拉链头的运动轨迹是什么曲线?,动手实践:,如图(A),,|MF1|-|MF2|=|F2F|=2a(常数),如图(B),,我们把上面得到的两条曲线合起来叫做双曲线。,由可得:,| |MF1|-|MF2| | = 2a (距离之差的绝对值等于常数),|MF2|-|MF1|=|F1F|=2a(常数),这两个定点叫做双曲线的焦点, 两焦点间的距离叫做焦距(2c).,x,y,o,设M(x , y),双曲线的焦距为2c(c0),F1(-c,0),F2(c,0),F1,

2、M,以F1,F2所在的直线为x轴,线段F1F2的中点为原点建立直角坐标系,(1) 建系.,(2)设点,(3)列式,|MF1| - |MF2|= 2a,(4)化简.,F2,y,o,F1,M,x,F2,| |MF1|-|MF2| | =2a( 2a|F1F2|),| |MF1|-|MF2| | =2a( 2a|F1F2|),F ( c, 0) F(0, c),3、双曲线的标准方程进一步认识:,3、双曲线的标准方程进一步认识:,3、双曲线的标准方程进一步认识:,3、双曲线的标准方程进一步认识:,用待定系数法求双曲线的标准方程的步骤: (1) 定形 (确定焦点所在位置) (2) 定量 (求a, b, c的值),“心中有图”,| |MF1|-|MF2| | =2a( 2a|F1F2|),F ( c, 0) F(0, c),类比椭圆的研究这节课我们学习的数学思想有: 数形结合、分类讨论的数学思想.,

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