1、 Reference numberISO/FDIS 13602-2:2006(E)ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO13602-2First edition2006-03-15Technical energy systems Methods for analysis Part 2: Weighting and aggregation of energywares Systmes dnergie technique Mthodes danalyse Partie 2: Pondration et agrgation des produits nergie Cop
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8、SO/FDIS 13602-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Principles for weighting and aggregation . 2 5 Weighting factors 3 6 Requirements on reporting weighted or aggregated energywares . 3 7 Ca
9、lculation rules 4 Annex A (informative) Allocation . 8 Annex B (informative) Case studies of weighting and aggregation 10 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,
10、-ISO/FDIS 13602-2:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committee
11、s. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Inter
12、national Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International St
13、andards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the sub
14、ject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13602-2 was prepared by Swedish National Technical Committee SIS/TK 420 Energyware balances (as SS 13602-2:2005) and was adopted, under a special “fast-track” procedure by Technical Committee
15、ISO/TC 203, Technical energy systems, in parallel with its approval by the ISO member bodies. The only technical difference between the two standards is that Annex A is normative in SS 13602-2:2005 and informative in ISO 13602-2. ISO 13602 consists of the following parts, under the general title Tec
16、hnical energy systems Methods for analysis: Part 1: General Part 2: Weighting and aggregation of energywares A part 3 dealing with methodology for energy statistics and forecasting is planned. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for Res
17、aleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/FDIS 13602-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved vIntroduction There are a number of situations and applications in which aggregation of energywares is performed, for example in energyware statistics, time series analysis,
18、cross-sector comparisons, and characterisation of an energyware mix. In many cases weighting is applied on the components, sometimes based on different principles due to different underlying reasons for the weighting, i.e. energywares are added up by various common properties. Examples, that can be
19、found in practise are weighting by market price, substitution coefficients, energy content or exergy. In most cases energywares are aggregated by their energy content (e.g. heat of combustion). This means that no weighting is performed in the aggregation, and the result is globally valid. In other c
20、ases aggregation by energy content may not serve the purpose of the aggregation and some form of weighting is applied, which typically depends on local conditions. Thus, this result will not be globally valid. For this reason, it is important to establish a procedure for the weighting and aggregatio
21、n to ensure transparency and comparability. ISO 13602 belongs to the 13600-series, all Standards of which have the introductory element: Technical energy systems. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networki
22、ng permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 13602-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1T
23、echnical energy systems Methods for analysis Part 2: Weighting and aggregation of energywares 1 Scope In this part of ISO 13602 are established guiding principles for the weighting and aggregation of energywares to ensure that energyware statistics at different levels of aggregation are transparent
24、and comparable. Weighting and aggregation of energywares according to this part of ISO 13602 are only to be performed at the final stage of the energyware life cycle, where the energyware is a direct input to the users conversion system. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are
25、indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 13600:1997, Technical energy systems Basic concepts SO 13600:1997, Technical energy
26、systems Basic concepts, Technical Corrigendum 1 ISO 13601:1998, Technical energy systems Structure for analysis Energyware supply and demand sectors ISO 13602-1:2002, Technical energy systems Methods for analysis Part 1: General ISO 14040:1997, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principl
27、es and framework ISO 14041:1998, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Goal and scope definition and inventory analysis ISO 14042:2000, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Life cycle impact assessment 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms a
28、nd definitions apply. 3.1 energy content enthalpy difference of the input state and a declared reference state of an energy carrier 3.2 primary capital goods plants and equipment directly needed to produce the energyware for fuel extraction, fuel refinement, and energy conversion Copyright Internati
29、onal Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/FDIS 13602-2:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved4 Principles for weighting and aggregation 4.1 General The basic principle for weight
30、ing and aggregation is that all energywares are measured by a uniform quantity that enables them to be summed up by a common property of the energywares. Which quantity to chose depends on the purpose of the application. These quantities form the basis for the weighting methods, and they may vary fr
31、om one application to another. They may be grouped into several different categories according to: an inherent physical property, e.g. heat of combustion, type of energy resource, e.g. a renewable or non-renewable resource, characteristics of the energy conversion process, e.g. emissions such as nit
32、rogen oxides, or the service provided by the energyware, e.g. heating of a building. Only the inherent physical properties are global and objective quantities. Others are local and value based. Principles for both types of weighting and aggregation are given in this part of ISO 13602. Several differ
33、ent quantities may be used for weighting and aggregation. The most common are: Energy content (heat of combustion) No weighting is performed, i.e. the weighting factor is 1 for all energywares. Economy (price) Weighting may be based on for example market price exclusive of consumption taxes, product
34、ion costs, etc. Exergy This method values the energywares according to their theoretical capacity of generating mechanical work, given a defined ambient temperature. Substitution coefficients In this method the relative value of different energywares are decided by their capacity to replace each oth
35、er when providing a particular service. The substitution coefficients are only valid for a particular functional unit, and they may vary from case to case. 4.2 Weighting methods Weighting methods can be divided into four categories that they may be based on: 1. An inherent physical property of the e
36、nergyware, such as for example heat of combustion, Gibbs free energy, etc. These measures are unambiguously determined by the chemical and physical content of the energywares when the system boundaries have been defined.12. The energy resource. 3. The properties of the energyware conversion process,
37、 e.g. emissions, which also shall include the properties when using the energyware, e.g. emissions during the use phase. 4. The service that the energyware is generating, for example transportation work or paid price. 1This applies to energywares that are entirely consumed or transformed when used.
38、Nuclear fuels need to be handled by special rules. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/FDIS 13602-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 35 Weighting fac
39、tors 5.1 General A weighting method defines a method by which the weighted amount of a particular energyware shall be calculated. This calculation results in a weighting factor. A weighting factor may be global or local, and may be time dependent. Weighting factors are calculated as reciprocal equiv
40、alency factors, for example the reciprocal value of the quantity of an energyware that consumes one unit of a non-renewable resource, is associated with one unit of environmental impact, or generates one unit of service. Thus, weighted amounts of energywares are neutral with respect to for example r
41、esource depletion, environmental impact, or service provided. 5.2 Structure Weighting or aggregation of energywares for energy statistic purposes shall be based on the gross calorific values of energyware flows for a defined period of time. This measure, which is defined as the base system, is a non
42、-weighted absolute measure. The weighting factor is defined as the global factor. In addition to this non-weighted measure, different types of weighting principles may be added defined as value based systems. If any other aspect than flows of energywares based on their gross calorific values is to b
43、e reported, e.g. climate change impact or provided service, this shall be reported through a weighting factor added to the base system. The weighted value may be reported as an absolute measure or a normalized measure. The weighting factor is defined as a value based factor. The structure is further
44、 described in Table 1. Table 1 Structure for weighting Name Type Explanation or definition Examples Base system Global factor (non-weighted) An inherent physical property of the energyware Gross calorific value Impact factors Value-based factors (weighted) 1. The origin of the energyware or resource
45、 base 2. The properties of the energyware conversion processes (this shall also include the properties when using the energyware) 1. Depletion factors 2. Emissions, e.g. GWP Provided service factors Value-based factors (weighted) The service generated by the energyware Transportation work, exergy, p
46、rice, substitution coefficients 6 Requirements on reporting weighted or aggregated energywares The requirements on reporting are: 1. The base system without weighting shall always be reported based on the gross calorific value of energy flows for each energyware, and for a specified period of time.
47、This shall be reported as an absolute measure. When weighted or aggregated energywares are reported: 2. Weighted measures of energywares shall be separately reported. These may either be reported in absolute terms or in normalized terms. 3. The methods for the calculation of the applied weighting fa
48、ctors shall be reported in a transparent manner. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/FDIS 13602-2:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reservedBase system The inherent property that shall be used for the calculation of the global factor in the base system is the gross calorific value of the energyware. Value based systems Impact factor Depending on the purpose of the weighting, d
