1、 Reference number ISO/TR 17671-3:2002(E) ISO 2002TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17671-3 First edition 2002-02-01 Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials Part 3: Arc welding of stainless steels Soudage Recommandations pour le soudage des matriaux mtalliques Partie 3: Soudage larc des acier
2、s inoxydables ISO/TR 17671-3:2002(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing th
3、e editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file c
4、an be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretari
5、at at the address given below. ISO 2002 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address
6、 below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All rights reservedISO/TR 17671-3:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reser
7、ved iiiContents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 References .1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Parent metal .2 5 Storage and handling2 6 Welding consumables.3 7 Fabrication .3 8 Quality requirements of welds .4 9 Distortion5 10 Post-weld cleaning 5 Annex A Welding of austenitic stainless ste
8、els .7 Annex B Welding of ferritic stainless steels.12 Annex C Welding of austenitic-ferritic stainless steels.15 Annex D Welding of martensitic and martensitic-austenitic stainless steels.19 ISO/TR 17671-3:2002(E) iv ISO 2002 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Stand
9、ardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right
10、to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International St
11、andards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an I
12、nternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may d
13、ecide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some
14、 of the elements of this part of ISO/TR 17671 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 17671-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 10, Unification of requireme
15、nts in the field of metal welding. ISO/TR 17671 consists of the following parts, under the general title Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials: Part 1: General guidance for arc welding Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels Part 3: Arc welding of stainless steels Part 4: Arc weld
16、ing of aluminium and aluminium alloys ISO/TR 17671-3:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved vIntroduction This part of ISO/TR 17671 is being issued with several annexes in order that it may be extended to cover the different types of steel which will be produced to all the International steel standard
17、s for stainless steels. When this part of ISO/TR 17671 is referenced for contractual purposes, the ordering authority should state the need for compliance with the document and such other annexes as are appropriate. This part of ISO/TR 17671 gives general guidance for the satisfactory production and
18、 control of welding and details the possible detrimental phenomena that may occur with advice on methods by which they may be avoided. It is generally applicable to all stainless steels and is appropriate regardless of the type of fabrication involved, although the application standard may have addi
19、tional requirements. Permissible design stresses in welds, methods of testing and acceptance levels are not included because they depend on the service conditions of fabrication. These details should be obtained from the design specification. This part of ISO/TR 17671 contains additional details for
20、 fusion welding of stainless steels and should be read in conjunction with the general recommendations in ISO/TR 17671-1. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17671-3:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials Part 3: Arc welding of stainless steels 1 Scope Th
21、is part of ISO/TR 17671 gives general recommendations for the fusion welding of stainless steels. Specific details relevant to austenitic, austenitic-ferritic, ferritic and martensitic stainless steels are given in annexes A to D. 2 References ISO 3581, Welding consumables Covered electrodes for man
22、ual metal arc welding of stainless and heat- resisting steels Classification ISO 5817, Welding Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) Quality levels for imperfections ISO 8249, Welding Determination of Ferrite Number (FN) in austenic and duplex ferri
23、tic-austenitic Cr-Ni stainless steel weld metals ISO 9692-1, Welding and allied processes Recommendations for joint preparation Part 1: Manual metal-arc welding, gas-shielded metal-arc welding and gas welding of steels ISO 9956-2, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materia
24、ls Part 2: Welding procedure specification for arc welding ISO 14175, Welding consumables Shielding gases for arc welding and cutting ISO 14343, Welding consumables Wire electrodes, wires and rods for arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels Classification ISO/TR 15608:2000, Welding Guidel
25、ines for a metallic materials grouping system ISO/TR 17671-1, Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials Part 1: General guidance for arc welding EN 10088-1:1995, Stainless steels Part 1: List of stainless steels EN 12073, Welding consumables Tubular cored electrodes for metal arc wel
26、ding with or without a gas shield of stainless and heat resisting steels Classification ISO/TR 17671-3:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO/TR 17671, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 passive layer thin, transparent and tight
27、ly adherent film on the surface of stainless steels, which protects them from corrosive attack 3.2 stabilized steels steels containing additions of strong carbide/nitride-forming elements (usually titanium or niobium), which limit the formation of chromium carbides/nitrides, allowing the stainless s
28、teel to retain its corrosion resistance, particularly around grain boundaries 3.3 non-stabilized steels steels without the addition of strong carbide/nitride-forming elements (see 3.2) 3.4 ferrite number FN a number indicating magnetic attraction, relative to a series of reference samples and theref
29、ore, proportional to the ferro-magnetic phase content, approximately equal to ferrite (delta ferrite) content over the range 0 % to 10 % but more readily measured ISO 8249 3.5 consumable insert length of filler metal that is manufactured to conform to the shape and dimensions of the weld preparation
30、 and is melted to become an integral part of the joint during welding 3.6 proof strength R p0,2tensile load which produces a plastic extension of 0,2 % of the original gauge length of the test specimen 4 Parent metal This part of ISO/TR 17671 applies to stainless steels of the austenitic, ferritic,
31、martensitic and austenitic/ferritic types, in accordance with groups 7 to 10 of ISO/TR 15608:2000. 5 Storage and handling When storing, handling or fabricating stainless steel, the environment should be controlled to avoid permanent breakdown of the passive layer, which gives stainless steel its goo
32、d corrosion resistance. Stainless steels should be protected from contamination and surface damage during all stages of storage, fabrication and transportation. Contact between stainless steels and other materials, e.g. carbon steels, copper, paints, dyes and tapes, which cause a breakdown of the pa
33、ssive layer or other detrimental effects should be avoided. When contact is not avoidable, care should be taken that all residues are removed. Racking for stainless steels should be strongly built and lined in a secure manner with materials that will not contaminate stainless steel, e.g. dry wood or
34、 stainless steel. Unlined or painted carbon steel racking should not be used. Lifting grabs should be made from or lined with a non-contaminating material. ISO/TR 17671-3:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3Welding fixtures, earth clamps or manipulators should be either manufactured from or lined
35、with non-contaminating materials. 6 Welding consumables Filler materials should be selected with regard to the parent metals and the particular application and should comply with the relevant standards. Where consumable inserts are used they should correspond with the relevant filler metal compositi
36、on. 7 Fabrication 7.1 General Facilities for fabrication of stainless steels should be segregated from other works and kept free of all possible contaminating materials such as lead, zinc, copper, copper alloys or carbon steels, etc. Forming tools should be cleaned thoroughly before use to avoid cro
37、ss contamination. All lubricants used in the forming operations should be removed from the workpiece. Only tools dedicated to stainless steel should be employed. This particularly applies to grinding wheels and wire brushes. Welding heats up the parent metal and this causes formation of oxide films
38、both on the weld metal and on the surrounding areas of the weld. These oxides as well as slags produced by covered electrodes, flux cored wires and submerged arc welding, should be removed if the weld is to be exposed to a corrosive medium or for other reasons (see clause 10). When preparing fusion
39、faces, oxidation, hardening and general contamination from thermal cutting processes should be eliminated by mechanically machining to a sufficient depth from the cut face. During shearing, cracking can occur. Thise may also require to be removed prior to welding. Where cut edges do not form fusion
40、faces, care should be taken to ensure that the shearing or thermal cutting does not adversely affect the performance of the fabrication. Hard stamping should be avoided, but when it has to be used attention is drawn to the danger of it being applied in highly stressed or corrosive areas and the purc
41、haser should give guidance as to the location of such marks. Indentations used for marking in radiographic examination should be subject to similar precautions. Welds which are to be inspected and approved should not be painted or otherwise treated until they have been accepted. 7.2 Weld details Wel
42、ding details should be described in an appropriate Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) in accordance with ISO 9956-2. Further details of weldability aspects are given in annexes A to D. Acceptance criteria for misalignment of joints are given in ISO 5817. For certain applications (e.g. the welding
43、 of pipework) and welding processes, closer tolerances may be necessary. Where run-on/run-off pieces are used these should be manufactured from a grade of stainless steel compatible with that used for the fabrication and should have a thickness and edge preparation similar to that used for the joint
44、. ISO/TR 17671-3:2002(E) 4 ISO 2002 All rights reservedThe removal of run-on/run-off pieces should be performed by a method that does not adversely affect the properties of the parent metal and weld deposit. Inspection should be carried out to demonstrate that both the parent material and weld depos
45、it are free from unacceptable imperfections. Where the weld has to be made from one side only, it may be necessary to protect the root side from atmospheric contamination in order to maintain the corrosion resistance of the joint. The root run of such welds is generally made using the TIG or plasma
46、welding process. NOTE Pulse MIG/MAG-technique is also used. 7.3 Weld backing Permanent backing should consist of a compatible grade of stainless steel and should not be used where there is a risk of crevice corrosion. When it is not appropriate to use part of the structure as backing material, the m
47、aterial to be used should be as required by the design specification. When using copper as a temporary backing material, a groove should be machined into the backing material in the fusion area. Care should be taken when welding as there is a risk of copper pick-up. This can be reduced by nickel or
48、chromium plating of the copper backing material. When using high heat input, the copper backing may be water- cooled. Backing material shall be free from contamination such as grease, moisture, oxide, etc. Where temporary or permanent backing is used, the joint should be arranged in such a way as to
49、 ensure that complete fusion of the parts to be joined is readily obtained. When it is necessary to prevent oxidation on the reverse side of a weld, purging using a suitable gas supply should be carried out. This is where a high purity gas or gas mixture, in accordance with ISO 14175, compatible with the parent and weld metal, is passed over the weld root. The purpose is to prevent contamination by the atmosphere, principally oxygen, which can lead to unacceptable imperfections in the weld a
