1、2011 年天津外国语大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选择题(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.I have discovered a new dimension to running: extreme marathons boasting the kind of experiences only possible in China.（分数：2.00）A.bragging aboutB.having sth. as a prideC.delaying sth. for reasonsD.producing the effect of2
2、.When a child meets a swindling tutor, the parents will lose money while the child will lose precious opportunities to move forward.（分数：2.00）A.being intentionalB.being fraudC.being meanD.being restless3.On a drab street lined with low-rise shops and restaurants, Dandelion Middle School is hardly not
3、iceable.（分数：2.00）A.rising lowlyB.busyC.noisyD.flat4.In total, more than 13, 000 people have been evacuated to higher ground, and three temporary settlement centers, with government-installed tents, were set up on August 9.（分数：2.00）A.withdrawnB.alleviatedC.holleredD.changed5.Chen warned against the p
4、ossibility of home prices rebounding when low interest rates are adopted to mitigate inflation.（分数：2.00）A.plunging intoB.bouncing backC.striking upD.withdrawing6.China has boosted its buying of Japanese government bonds this year, snapping up a net $6 billion of mostly short-term notes between Janua
5、ry and April, double the record amount logged for all of 2005 , said the Ministry of Finance of Japan.（分数：2.00）A.taking upB.smashing upC.snatching upD.pinching up7.An up-to-date guidebook, on-line resources, and personal contacts are where to get the lowdown on what goes where, when it goes and how
6、reliable it is.（分数：2.00）A.whole truthB.protectionC.warningD.property8.The recent leadership adjustment in the Democratic People“s Republic of Korea was one of the world“s most attention-grabbing affairs.（分数：2.00）A.energy-consumingB.worshipping as sacredC.attention-digressingD.eye-catching9.To increa
7、se performance and win against Morgan Stanley, Chen decided to forge a short-lived alliance between Yongle and Dazhong Electronics, which brought Yongle to the brink of insolvency.（分数：2.00）A.constituteB.confrontC.formD.remit10.But for me, none of this matched the experience of simply meandering arou
8、nd Pingyao“s unheralded back streets.（分数：2.00）A.hiking afarB.jogging slowlyC.moving aimlesslyD.escorting carefully11.Trapped miners dramatically emerged after 69 days of underground imprisonment.（分数：2.00）A.hinderedB.came up to the surfaceC.acceleratedD.joined to the crowd12.China is the third countr
9、y in the world to build rockets carrying manned spacecraft.（分数：2.00）A.manufacturedB.having human crewC.man-madeD.affiliated to13.The three referees were detained in March, pushing the credibility of Chinese referees to an all-time low.（分数：2.00）A.kept in custodyB.arrestedC.shut in prisonD.under inves
10、tigation14.Chang-e 2 will eventually be maneuvered into an orbit just 15 km above the Moon.（分数：2.00）A.placedB.manipulatedC.movedD.emitted15.When we talk about giving universities greater autonomy to recruit students, people may be concerned about possible fraud and preferential treatment enjoyed by
11、students from wealthy or powerful families.（分数：2.00）A.deliberate deceptionB.authoritative controlC.merciful rescueD.intentional disguise16.This generates three potential English literacy challenges that separate Chinese students from foreign instructors.（分数：2.00）A.producesB.radiatesC.makesD.shapes17
12、.This cultural perspective disorients foreign teachers, who misperceive their students as passive and withdrawn.（分数：2.00）A.perceivesB.conceivesC.misunderstandD.processes18.Some esoteric fonts used by today“s artists emulate monks who copied medieval manuscripts by hand.（分数：2.00）A.complicatedB.myster
13、iousC.gibberishD.cursive19.The application of 3G is on the upswing in China; however, the era of 4G has also begun.（分数：2.00）A.pokeB.dwindleC.soarD.rise20.Tower C of Office Park, a dazzling new office building in Beijing“s Central Business District, has been widely praised in the market for its super
14、ior quality and pleasant amenities after it was unveiled to the market at a press conference held in March 2010.（分数：2.00）A.convenienceB.regularityC.sightD.outlook21.The miserable fate of Enron“s employees A will be a landmark in business history, B one of those events C that everyone agrees D must n
15、ever allow to happen again.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.22.A Basically , B computerized data processing is much C the same as done by hand or D by electromechanical methods .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.23.The potential profit, and the ease A on which they can be made from insider trading, market manipulation, conflict-of-
16、interest transactions B and many other illegal or unethical activities C are too great and too pervasive D to be ignored .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.24.I lost my sight when I was four years old. It A occurred to me the other day that B I might not come to love life C as I do if I D hadn“t been blind .（分数：2.00
17、）A.B.C.D.25.A American literary historians are perhaps B prone to view their own national scene too C narrowly , D mistake prominence for uniqueness.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.26.One argument A is used to support the idea B that employment will continue to be the dominant form of work, C and that employment w
18、ill eventually D become available for all who want it, is that working time will continue to fall.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.27.This is one reason A why change has not come B more quickly to black Americans as C compared to other American minorities, D because the sharp difference in appearance between them a
19、nd their white counterparts.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.28.His vocabulary, A in particular , both that which he uses actively B and that which he recognizes, C increasing in size D as he grows older as a result of education and experience.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.29.A Native to South America B and cultivated there for
20、 thousands of years, the peanut C is said to D have introduced to North America by early explorers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.30.A Researchers have found subtle neurological B differences between the brains of men and women C either in physical structure and D in the way they function.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.二、选词填空(
21、总题数：2，分数：40.00)In more recent decades, the world has i 1become a global community, and study abroad has f 2Since World War II there has been a dramatic increase in foreign students c 3to the United States to study and of Americans studying o 4the United States. In 2008, almost 96, 000 American stude
22、nts participated i 5formal study abroad programs. In 2009, more than 1. 5 million foreign students came to the United States to study. For American students, study abroad is generally seen to fulfill three educational g 6: the general education of the student, specialized learning such as language l
23、earning, and the promotion of international understanding. But in addition those studying abroad learn to extend their autonomy and increase their a 7of their culture and the values that this culture embodies. One study of Edward Morgan demonstrates that the type of learning that takes p 8at the hom
24、e university is primarily cognitive in nature and is secondarily affective. Students studying abroad, however, are frequently much more involved in their s 9for identity. He found “ students indicated that they changed daily in the areas of values, attitudes, goals and personal philosophy. “ Most st
25、udents report that it is what they learn outside of the classroom that counts the most in a study-abroad p 10（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Anyone who knows me well would almost certainly label me an optimist. I believe in embracing h 1and finding som
26、ething positive even in the most d 2circumstances. My own optimism stems from a strong, personal f 3in a loving God who I believe is very interested in the personal details of our lives, not just the “ big stuff. “ I also believe that things happen for a reason and that if we k 4our minds and spirit
27、s open, our invisible God often becomes v 5, sometimes in ways that are quite humorous! W 6that being said, even optimists can temporarily lose hope. This was the ease for me on a particularly cold and gloomy January day. I felt overwhelmed by the painful challenges I was d 7with in my personal life
28、. Marital, health, and financial struggles had joined forces to create a tornado of emotion that threatened to crush my spirit. I felt angry, f 8, burdened, and distanced from the presence of God. The weather seemed to reflect my moodthe gray sky blocked even a single ray of s 9As I drudged through
29、my workday, I just couldn“t shake a sense of hopelessness and d 10（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、阅读理解(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Chinese firms are going global for the usual reasons: to acquire raw materials, get technical know-how and gain access to foreign ma
30、rkets. But they are under the guidance of a state that many countries consider a strategic competitor, not an ally. As our briefing explains, it often appoints executives, directs deals and finances them through state banks. Once bought, natural-resource firms can become captive suppliers of the Mid
31、dle Kingdom. Some believe China Inc can be more sinister than that; for example, America thinks that Chinese telecoms-equipment firms pose a threat to its national security. That would be a mistake. China is miles away from posing this kind of threat: most of its firms are only just finding their fe
32、et abroad. Even in natural resources, where it has been most active in dealmaking, it is not close to controlling enough supply to rig the market for most commodities. Nor is China“s system as monolithic as foreigners often assume. State companies compete at home and their decision-making is consens
33、ual rather than dictatorial. When abroad they may have mixed motives, and some sectorsdefence and strategic infrastructure, for instanceare too sensitive to allow them in. But such areas are relatively few. What if Chinese state-owned companies run their acquisitions for politics, not profit? So lon
34、g as other firms could satisfy consumers“ needs, it would not matter. Chinese companies could safely be allowed to own energy firms, for instance, in a competitive market where customers could turn to other suppliers. And if Chinese firms throw subsidised capital around the world, that“s fine. Ameri
35、ca and Europe could use the money. The danger that cheap Chinese capital might undermine rivals can be better dealt with by beefing up competition law than by keeping investment out. Not all Chinese companies are state-directed. Some are largely independent and mainly interested in profits. Often th
36、ese firms are making the running abroad. Take Volvo“s new owner, Geely. Volvo should now be able to sell more cars in China; without the deal its future was bleak. Chinese firms can bring new energy and capital to flagging companies around the world; but influence will not just flow one way. To succ
37、eed abroad, Chinese companies will have to adapt. That means hiring local managers, investing in local research and placating local concernsfor example by listing subsidiaries locally. Indian and Brazilian firms have an advantage abroad thanks to their private-sector DNA and more open cultures. That
38、 has not been lost on Chinese managers.（分数：10.00）(1).In face of China“s economic expansion abroad, the author of this article is_.（分数：2.00）A.optimisticB.pessimisticC.neutralD.noncommittal(2).According to the article, the reason why China cannot control the market for most commodities in energy secto
39、r is_.（分数：2.00）A.China does not have enough moneyB.Chinese companies are reluctant to cooperate with foreign firmsC.China is in initial stage of investing abroadD.Chinese companies are state-owned(3).What is Volvo“s immediate benefit after Geely becomes its new owner?（分数：2.00）A.Sales go up.B.Future
40、becomes unpredictable.C.Workers have a salary hike.D.Unemployment goes down.(4).“So long as other firms could satisfy consumers“ needs, it would not matter. “ This implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.Chinese cannot control the marketB.the market is not competitiveC.consumers do not like Chinese companiesD.Indi
41、an companies are more powerful(5).It is suggested that Chinese firms should do the following if they want to succeed abroad.（分数：2.00）A.Stick to public ownership.B.Make changes to suit local conditions.C.Invest more money.D.Have more decision-making power.Why we age is the subject of vigorous debate.
42、 The classical view is that aging happens because of random wear and tear. A newer view holds that aging is more orderly and genetically driven. Proponents of this view point out that animals of similar species and exposure to wear and tear have markedly different life span. The Canada goose has a l
43、ongevity of 23. 5 years; the emperor goose only 6. 3 years. Perhaps animals are like plants, with lives that are to a large extent, internally governed. Certain species of bamboo, for instance, form a dense stand that grows and flourishes for a hundred years, flowers all at once, and then dies. The
44、idea that living things shut down and not just wear down has received substantial support in the past decade. Researchers working with the now famous worm C. elegans(two of the last five Nobel Prizes in medicine went to scientists doing work on the little nematode)were able to produce worms that liv
45、e more than twice as long and age more slowly by altering a single gene. Scientists have since come up with single-gene alterations that increase the life spans of Drosophila fruit flies, mice and yeast. These findings notwithstanding, scientists do not believe that our life spans are actually progr
46、ammed into us. After all, for most of our hundred-thousand-year existenceall but the past couple of hundred yearsthe average life span of human beings has been thirty years or less.(Research suggests that subjects of the Roman Empire had an average life expectancy of twenty-eighty years.)Today the a
47、verage life span in developed countries is almost eighty years. If human life spans depend on our genetics, then medicine has got the upper hand. We are, in a way, freaks living well beyond our appointed time. So when we study aging, what we are trying to understand is not so much in a natural proce
48、ss as an unnatural one. Inheritance has surprisingly little influence on longevity. James Vaupel, of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, in Rostock, Germany, noted that only six percent of how long you“ll live, compared with the average, is explained by your parents“ longevity; by contrast, up to ninety percent of how tall you are, compared with the average, is explained by your parents“ height. Even genetically identical twins vary widely in life span: the typical gap is more than fifteen years.（分数：10.00）(1).The main
