1、2016年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：206.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Section A（分数：10.00）_A.At ten next Wednesday.B.At three next Wednesday.C.At ten next Monday.D.At three next Monday.A.A dull pain.B.A piercing pain.C.A burning pain.D.A numb pain.A.He is going to get married.B.He is going to get his bachelors degree.C.He wil
2、l count on the woman for help.D.He will bring his own booze to the party.A.Pizza is her favorite food.B.Pizza is her second choice.C.She dislikes the mans idea.D.She couldnt agree with the man more.A.Jacks girlfriend is mad at him.B.Jack has fallen in love with Debra.C.Debra is prettier than Jacks g
3、irl friend.D.Jack wants to break up with his girlfriend.A.It will rain soon.B.Its right to be prepared.C.She is worried about the weather.D.To be safe, theyd better stay at home.A.He is a great big-wave surfer.B.He is a trouble-maker.C.He is a nice guy.D.He is very weird.A.$60B.$40C.$360.D.30A.Quit
4、smoking.B.Go jogging every morning.C.Work out in the gym.D.Go on a diet.A.100.B.232.C.132.D.332A.Mary isnt his type.B.He fell in love with Mary at first sight.C.Mary was not pretty enough.D.He wont teach Mary chemistry.A.Play tennis.B.Take out the trash.C.Play computer games.D.Go to court for a laws
5、uit.A.In the school.B.At school.C.In the hospital.D.To the dorm.A.She is seriously ill.B.She has to look after her husband at home.C.She will persuade her husband to go to hospital.D.She will be taken good care of by her sister and daughter.A.She makes a living now as a dressmaker.B.She makes a livi
6、ng now as a landlady.C.She worries a lot about her health.D.She now lives on her pension.2.Section B（分数：10.00）_A.A duodenal ulcer.B.A stomach ulcer.C.A mouth ulcer.D.A skin ulcer.A.Have an operation.B.Try medical means.C.See a psychiatrist.D.Be off work for a while.A.Overweight.B.Smoking.C.Heredity.
7、D.Stress.A.He is a light smoker.B.He is a casual smoker.C.He is a heavy smoker.D.He is a moderate smoker.A.Stop smoking.B.Have a surgery.C.Eat regularly and exercise more.D.Make an appointment with Dr. Oakes.A.He is a man who has a gene of longevity.B.He is a professor at Boston University.C.He is t
8、he owner of the website Time. com.D.He is the creator of a website on longevity.A.Women dont like red meat as much as men.B.The high estrogen level in women makes the differences.C.Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.D.The incidence of cardiovascular disease is much lower in wom
9、en.A.In their 50s and 60s.B.In their 60s and 70s.C.In their 70s and 80s.D.In their 80s and 90s.A.Calcium.B.Iodine.C.Zinc.D.Iron.A.The reason why red meat is harmful to health.B.The reason why vegetarian food is so popular.C.Another possibility for womens longevity.D.The important role iron plays in
10、cellular reactions.A.He was the owner of a grocery store.B.He was a convict laboring at a junkyard.C.He struggled under the strain of poverty.D.He lived happily with his wife and three kids.A.He is a stockbroker.B.He is an investment advisor.C.He is the manager of a mutual fund.D.He is a teacher at
11、local community college.A.Indecision.B.Arrogance.C.Ignorance.D.Fear.A.He began teaching on investment at college.B.He began reading investment books and then began practicing.C.He began learning how to become a successful stockbroker.D.He began investing big money in a mutual fund each month.A.Man e
12、rrs as long as he strives.B.Failure is the mother of success.C.Where there is a will, there is a way.D.The good seaman is known in bad weather.3.Section A（分数：2.00）_4.Employers have a legal obligation to pay_to their workers for injuries.（分数：2.00）A.compensationB.compromiseC.commodityD.consumption5.Th
13、e argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to_.（分数：2.00）A.alleviateB.aggravateC.extinguishD.intervene6.But despite all the legal hustle and bustle, they dont actually expect to_death sentences to life terms without parole.（分数：2.00）A.induceB.convertC.reviveD.swerve7.To m
14、aintain physical well-being, a person should eat_food and get sufficient exercise.（分数：2.00）A.integralB.grossC.wholesomeD.intact8.The Central Governments pledge to maintain the_and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.（分数：2.00）A.provisionB.prosperityC.priv
15、ilegeD.preference9.It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be_as a result of bed shortages“.（分数：2.00）A.facilitatedB.forfeitedC.fulfilledD.furnished10.The cause of his death has been a mystery and_unknown so far.（分数：2.00）A.exclusivelyB.superficiallyC.utterlyD.doub
16、tfully11.It is known that some ways of using resources_can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.（分数：2.00）A.recklesslyB.sparinglyC.sensiblyD.incredibly12.Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through_water.（分数：2.00）A.filteredB.distilledC.contamin
17、atedD.purified13.We welcome him not_as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.（分数：2.00）A.by the wayB.at all eventsC.by no meansD.in any sense14.Section B（分数：2.00）_15.In any event, lethal injections are under federal scrutiny .（分数：2.00）A.sanctionB.restrictionC.censusD.examination16.The humble to
18、mato could become a(n) potent weapon in the fight against prostate cancer.（分数：2.00）A.inexpensiveB.powerfulC.conventionalD.lethal17.Mens perception of the amount of caregiving they do is completely at odds .（分数：2.00）A.in tune withB.in favor ofC.for the sake ofD.in disagreement with18.Huangshan Mounta
19、in is eminent for its natural scenery and deserves a visit.（分数：2.00）A.renownedB.notoriousC.popularD.mysterious19.Obesity is a condition perpetuated by a diversity of factors.（分数：2.00）A.severityB.reliabilityC.varietyD.specificity20.He is usually well-behaved, this rudeness is only a (n) lapse .（分数：2.
20、00）A.errorB.sinC.guiltD.offense21.Did you detect a touch of jaundice in her remark?（分数：2.00）A.grievanceB.sympathyC.jealousyD.indignation22.In 1912, German doctors attempted to treat children who had underactive thyroids with normal thyroid cells, but to little avail .（分数：2.00）A.by no meansB.in vainC
21、.of no accountD.at stake23.To many observers, he spent his wealth lavishly .（分数：2.00）A.fearlesslyB.conspicuouslyC.wastefullyD.ferociously24.At present, no medical therapy is known to affect progressions of rheumatic mitral stenosis.（分数：2.00）A.deteriorationB.accumulationC.expansionD.promotion五、Part C
22、loze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Humans are the only species known to have consciousness, awareness that we have brains and bodies【C1】_adaptability that we can affect the course our lives take, that we can make choices【C2】_that vastly affect the quality of our livesbiologically, intellectually, environmentally,
23、and spiritually. As humans, we have the ability to mold our【C3】_beings to become what or who we wish to become. While some of us may,【C4】_, have genetic and biological imperatives that may require medication or training to overcome, or at least to modulate, the vast majority of us do, in fact, hold
24、our emotional【C5】_in our hands. All that【C6】_, until the last decade, scientists believed that the human brain and its connections were formed during gestation and infancy and remained【C7】_unchanged through childhood. They believed that humans had a given number of neurons in a specific brain struct
25、ure, and【C8】_the number might vary among people, once you were done with childhood development, you were set in this【C9】_. Your connections were already made, and the learning and growing period of your brain was over. In the last decade, however, researchers have found【C10】_evidence that this is no
26、t so, and that something called neuroplasticity continues throughout our lives.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.careful aboutB.capable ofC.accessible toD.susceptible to(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.in the eventB.in an attemptC.at the momentD.along the way(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.exclusiveB.veryC.justD.exact(4).【C4】（分数：2
27、.00）A.indeedB.howeverC.moreoverD.therefore(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.demonstrationB.dimensionC.destinyD.determination(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.has been saidB.being saidC.was saidD.is said(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.more or lessB.pretty muchC.as everD.if any(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.whileB.despiteC.neverthelessD.since(9).【C9】（分数：2
28、.00）A.caseB.moldC.senseD.condition(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.differentB.similarC.insufficientD.significant六、Part Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Parents are on a journey of discovery with each child whose temperament, biology, and sleep habits result in a unique sleep-wake pattern. It can be frustrating whe
29、n childrens sleep habits do not conform to the household schedule. Helping the child develop good sleep habits in childhood takes time and parental attention, but it will have beneficial results throughout life. An understanding of the changing patterns of the typical sleep-wake cycle in children wi
30、ll help alleviate any unfounded concerns. Maintaining a sleep diary for each child will provide the parents with baseline information in assessing the nature and severity of childhood sleep problems. Observant patents will come to recognize unusual sleep disruptions or those that persist or intensif
31、y. Developmental changes throughout childhood bring differences in the sleep-wake cycle and in the type and frequency of parasomnias that may interrupt sleep. Medical consultation to rule out illness, infection of injury is prudent if the childs sleep problems prevent adequate sleep and result in an
32、 ongoing sleep deficit. As reported by News-Medical in Child Health News, childrens sleep problems should be taken seriously as they may be a “marker for predicting later risk of early adolescent substance use. In the same article University of Michigan psychiatry professor Kirk Brower, who has stud
33、ied “the interplay of alcohol and sleep in adults“ stressed that “The finding does not mean theres a cause-and-effect relationship. “ Consultation with a child psychologist may be helpful if frightening dreams intensify and become more frequent as this may indicate a particular problem or life circu
34、mstance that needs to be changed or one that the child may need extra help working through. Most childhood sleep disturbance will diminish over time as the brain matures and a regular sleep-wake cycle is established. Parental guidance is crucial to the development of healthy sleep habits in children
35、.（分数：10.00）(1).To have a journey of discovery with each child, according to the passage, is_.（分数：2.00）A.to discover their unique sleep-wake cyclesB.to follow their behavioral preferencesC.to alleviate their sleeping problemsD.to explore their asset(2).In the first paragraph, the author suggests that
36、 parents_.（分数：2.00）A.seek professional consultation for their childs sleep problemB.adjust their household schedule to the childs sleeping habitC.take their childs unfounded concerns into considerationD.keep a diary on sleep pattern for their child(3).Where there exists a “marker“ in the child, acco
37、rding to the passage_.（分数：2.00）A.it might lead to his or her early substance useB.he or she will carry it all his or her lifeC.it might interrupt his or her sleep patternD.he or she is destined to be an alcoholic(4).What is the author trying to tell us in the third paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.It takes time
38、 to combat sleeping problem in children.B.Sometimes parents need to seek professional assistance.C.Parents cannot afford to neglect their childs sleeping problem.D.Much importance should be attached to the childs life circumstance.(5).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Child sleep distu
39、rbance and its future impact.B.Child sleep disturbance and its family history.C.Parents role in building their childs healthy sleeping habit.D.A psychological perspective on sleep disturbance in children.The United States and England each has a majorand uniquehealth-care challenge, according to a st
40、udy comparing the health of senior citizens in the two countries. The study, conducted by researchers from RAND Corporation in the United States and Institute for Fiscal Studies in the United Kingdom, found that disease and health disorder incidence was higher among U. S. senior citizens, but mortal
41、ity rates were higher among English senior citizens. Americans aged 65 and older have almost twice the rate of diabetes found among their English counterparts and more than double the rate of cancer. Nevertheless, death rate among Americans 65 and older is lower. “Americans are a sicker group of peo
42、ple who tend to live longer, “ says James Smith, a study co-author. He attributes the U. S. health problems to lifestyle factors, including poor eating habits and inadequate exercise. Americans tend to eat much larger servings of food, for example, “There is what I call an American plate. When we go
43、 to a restaurant, its a plate I cant even eat any more. Its a plate with so much food on if its not even appealing to me. “ Smith also says that English adults are generally much more physically active than Americans. Biking and walking are much common in everyday life in England. He observes that “
44、there is a lot of walking in London, and there is a lot of bicycle riding. I dont see people in downtown Los Angeles on their bicycles“. On the other hand, Englands problem is that doctors fail to diagnose serious conditions early enough. American doctors tend to screen patients for cancer, diabetes
45、, and other illnesses more frequently. Smith notes “American medicine is much more aggressive. It leads to high costs, but it has benefits, too“.（分数：10.00）(1).The studys results indicated_.（分数：2.00）A.an urgent call for health promotion among English and American senior citizensB.health disparities b
46、etween English and American senior citizensC.a close relation between disease incidence and mortality rateD.a significant rise in mortality rates among senior citizens(2).Which of the following is a unique health care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with their American counterpar
47、ts?（分数：2.00）A.A higher death rate.B.A higher rate of cancer.C.A higher incidence of disease.D.A lower tendency to have diabetes.(3).What does James Smith imply by an American plate?（分数：2.00）A.A sedentary American lifestyles.B.American junk foods on the table.C.A large portion of food consumed by Ame
48、ricans.D.Severe malnutrition among American senior citizens.(4).The Americans unique health-care challenge according to James Smith, is derived from_.（分数：2.00）A.their unusual forms of physical activitiesB.their different geographic locationC.their genetic likelihood of obesityD.their unhealthy lifestyle factors(5).Even though it is much more aggressive, the American medicine_
