1、MBA 联考英语-3 及答案解析(总分：290.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：200.00)The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage U(1) /U in the United Statesabout 9 new marriages for every 1,000 peopleis U(2) /U higher t
2、han it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is U(3) /U as widespread as it was several decades ago. U(4) /U of American adults who are married U(5) /U from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried U(6) /U their
3、 lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some U(7) /U in their lives. Experts U(8) /U that about the same proportion of todays young adults will eventually marry.The timing of marriage has varied U(9) /U over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in
4、the United States at the U(10) /U of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry U(11) /U the first time at an average of five years later than people. U(12) /U in the 1950 s. U(13) /U , young adults of the 1950s married younger than did
5、 any previous U(14) /U in U.S. history. Todays later age of marriage is U(15) /U the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. U(16) /U , a greater proportion of the population was married(95 percent) during the 1950s than at any time before U(17) /U . Experts do not agree on U(18) /U the “marriage rus
6、h“ of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a U(19) /U to the return of peaceful life and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic U(20) /U and war.（分数：200.00）A.ratioB.rateC.percentageD.pollA.potentiallyB.intentionallyC.substantiallyD.randomlyA.not
7、any longerB.no moreC.not any moreD.no longerA.The proportionB.A proportionC.The numberD.A numberA.deterioratedB.declinedC.deducedD.demolishedA.pastB.passingC.throughoutD.throughA.periodB.levelC.pointD.respectA.projectB.planC.promiseD.proposeA.unexpectedlyB.irregularlyC.flexiblyD.consistentlyA.timeB.
8、yearC.stageD.ageA.atB.inC.ofD.forA.doB.didC.marryD.marriedA.BesidesB.HoweverC.WhereasD.NeverthelessA.descendantsB.ascendantsC.generationD.populationA.in line withB.according toC.based onD.caused byA.MoreoverB.LikewiseC.SimilarlyD.ThereforeA.and afterB.or afterC.ever sinceD.or sinceA.whyB.howC.whenD.
9、whatA.refusalB.realizationC.realityD.responseA.repressionB.aggressionC.depressionD.restriction二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/BWorking at nonstandard timesevenings, nights, or weekendsis taking its toll on American families. One-fifth of all employed Americans work variable or rotating shift
10、s, and one-third work weekends, according to Harriet B. Presser, sociology professor at the University of Maryland. The result is stress on familial relationships, which is likely to continue in coming decades.The consequences of working irregular hours vary according to gender, economic level, and
11、whether or not children are involved. Single mothers are more likely to work nights and weekends than married mothers. Women in clerical, sales, or other low-paying jobs participate disproportionately in working late and graveyard shifts.Married-couple households with children are increasingly becom
12、ing dual-earner households, generating more split-shift couples. School-aged children, however, may benefit from parents nonstandard work schedules because of the greater likelihood that a parent will be home before or after school. On the other hand, a correlation exists between nonstandard work sc
13、hedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages. Nonstandard working hours mean families spend less time together for dinner but more time together for breakfast. One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies, however, based on parent, shift, and age of ch
14、ildren. There is also a greater reliance on child care by relatives and by professional providers.Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and more a mandate of employers. Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades. She
15、 reports that in some European countries there are substantial salary premiums for employees working irregular hourssometimes as much as 50% higher. The convenience of having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend. Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent f
16、rom public discourse. She emphasizes the need for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours, the physical and emotional health of people working nights and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for working these hours. “Nonstandard work schedules not only are highly prevale
17、nt among American families but also generate a level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention, “ she says. （分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following demonstrates that working at nonstandard times is taking its toll on American families?（分数：2.00）A.Stress on familial relationships.B
18、.Rotating shifts.C.Evenings, nights, or weekends.D.Its consequences.(2).Which of the following is affected most by working irregular hours?（分数：2.00）A.Children.B.Marriage.C.Single mothers.D.Working women.(3).Who would be in favor of the practice of working nonstandard hours?（分数：2.00）A.Children.B.Pare
19、nts.C.Employees.D.Professional child providers.(4).It is implied that the consequences of nonstandard work schedules are_.（分数：2.00）A.emphasizedB.absentC.neglectedD.prevalent(5).What is the authors attitude towards working irregular hours?（分数：2.00）A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.D.Objective.BText
20、 2/BMost human beings actually decide before they think. When any human beingexecutive, specialized expert, or person in the streetencounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of actio
21、n? Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how intelligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themselves on
22、being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it. A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the part of the “losing“
23、 faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesnt end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings. There is a better way. As philosopher Aldou
24、s Huxley said, “It isnt who is right, but what is right, that counts.“The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology, the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically
25、 closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, its possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never march. The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributi
26、ons of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isnt possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, its possible to organize the experts information to give the decision maker much greater
27、insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; its a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions. （分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph we can learn
28、 that_.（分数：2.00）A.executive, specialized expert, are no more clever than person in the streetB.very few people decide before they thinkC.those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do soD.people tend to consider carefully before making decisions(2).Judging from the context, what does
29、the word “them“ (line 4, paragraph 2) refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Decision makers.B.The “losing“ faction.C.Anger, resentment, and jealousy.D.Other people.(3).Aldous Huxleys remark (paragraph 3) implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.there is a subtle difference between right and wrongB.we cannot tell who is right and wha
30、t is wrongC.what is right is more important than who is rightD.what is right accounts for the question who is right(4).According to the author, the function of the structured-inquiry method is_.（分数：2.00）A.to make decision by debateB.to apply the Internet and wireless computer technologyC.to brake on
31、 the thinking process, slowing it downD.to create a level of conceptual clarity(5).The structured-inquiry process can be useful for_.（分数：2.00）A.decision makersB.intelligence analysis meetingC.the experts informationD.marketing focus groupsBText 3/BSport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with t
32、elevision and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator(the television audience) will be the priority(优先) and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business. The new techn
33、ologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by
34、 television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review Sports Illustrated recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen o
35、ccupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainers bench, from the stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game. And at their disposal will be the s
36、ame options the producer of the recorded program me has: to select replays, to choose which camera to use and to decide on the soundwhether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on. Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies,
37、will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view: while there is more basketball than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that bas
38、ketball is more popular than ever. It is also the argument of these sports executives that television is harming the modest teams. This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is the law of the market. The great events continually attract larger aud
39、iences. The world is being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and, in their home, have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world. The most visionary executives go further. Their
40、 philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport, why not have sports taken over television? （分数：10.00）(1).What does the writer mean by the use of the phrase “an indissoluble marriage“ in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Sport is combined with television.B.Sport controls television.C.Televis
41、ion dictates sport.D.Sport and television will go their own ways.(2).What does “they“ in line 2, paragraph 2 stand for?（分数：2.00）A.broadcastsB.channelsC.spectatorsD.technologies(3).How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies?（分数：2.00）A.They are too old to do anything.B.They feel ill
42、at ease.C.They feel completely at home.D.Technologies can go hand in hand with sports.(4).What is going to be discussed in the following paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.The philosophy of visionary executives.B.The process of television taking over sport.C.Television coverage expansion.D.An example to show how
43、 sport has taken over television.(5).What might be the appropriate title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The arguments of sports executivesB.The philosophy of visionary executivesC.Sport and television in the 21 centuryD.Sport: a businessBText 4/BConvenience food helps companies by creating growth; but w
44、hat is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilisation, the microwave is the last enemy. The communion(共享) of eating together is easily broken by a device that liberates household citizens from waiting for mealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of
45、food is in danger of being undone. The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150,000 years, could be destroyed. Meals have certainly suffered from the rise of convenience food. The only meals regularly taken
46、 together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the days first meal has all but disappeared. In the 20th century the leisure British breakfast was undermined by the cornflake; in the 21st breakfast is v
47、anishing altogether, a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar. Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook. One of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that, while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13 minute
48、s a day in 2002, the number of books and television program mes on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isnt a paradox. Maybe it is because people cant cook any more, so they need to be told how to do it. Or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbiesgolf, yachtingnot about chores. Cookin
49、g has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby. Although everybody lives in the kitchen, its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silversteins new book, “Trading Up“, looks at mid-range consumers willingness to splash out. He says that industrial-style Viking cooktpos, with nearly twice the heat output of othe
