1、考研数学二-矩阵的特征值和特征向量、二次型(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What do you think of American health care system? Most people would be (1) by the high quality of medicine (2) to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of (3) to the individual, a (4) amou
2、nt of advanced technical equipment, and (5) effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must (6) in the courts if they (7) things badly.But the Americans are in a mess. To the problem is the way in (8) health care is organized and (9) . (10) to pubic belief
3、it is not just a free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not (11) the less fortunate and the elderly.But even with this huge public part of the system, (12) this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollarsmore than 10 percent of
4、 the U. S. Budgeta large number of Americans are left (13) . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits (14) income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control (15) the
5、health system. There is no (16) to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate persons concerned can do is t
6、o pay (17) . Two thirds of the population are (18) by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want (19) that the insurance company will pay the bill.The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the countrys health bill climbed
7、15.9 percentabout twice as fast as prices (20) general.（分数：10.00）(1).A compressed B impressed C obsessed D repressed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A available B attainable C achievable D amenable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A extension B retention C attention D exertion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A countless B titanic C bro
8、ad D vast（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A intensive B absorbed C intense D concentrated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A run into B encounter C face D defy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A treat B deal C maneuver D handle（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A which B that C what D when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A helped B financed C planned D controlle
9、d（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A Contrary B Opposed C Averse D Objected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A looking for B looking into C looking after D looking over（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A which B what C that D it（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A over B out C off D away（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A for B in C with D on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.
10、(15).A over B on C under D behind（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A boundary B restriction C confinement D limit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A out B for C up D off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A discovered B covered C recovered D ranged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A knowing B to know C they know D known（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A on B
11、with C in D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Data security used to be all about spending big bucks on firewalls to defend data at the network perimeter and on antivirus software to protect individual computers. Internet-based compu
12、ting, or cloud computing, has changed all that, at the same time expanding exponentially the chances for data thieves and hackers. The cloud creates other opportunities too. a handful of security vendors now deliver security as a service-a one-two punch of hardware and software that monitors and man
13、ages an enterprises data security and bills customers only for the computing power they use. “For years, security was about big companies pushing technology to their customers,“ says Qualys CEO and founder Philippe Courtot. “Now its about the customers pulling precisely what they need and providing
14、them with those resources on demand. “ Qualys, a privately held company in Redwood Shores, Calif. , was among the first to embrace the service-oriented model, in 1999. Today four different modules of QualysGuard, its flagship offering, are used by more than 3500 organizations in 85 countries. The co
15、mpany performs more than 200 million security audits per year. Courtot knows something about opportunity. The French entrepreneur arrived in Silicon Valley in 1987 and has built a number of companies into big-time players, including Signio, an electronic-payment start-up that was eventually sold to
16、VeriSign in a combined deal for more than $1 billion. As CEO, he rebuilt Verity and transformed cc:Mail, a once unknown firm of 12 people, into a dominant e-mail platform before Lotus acquired it in 1991. “Throughout my career, Ive been able to recognize that for a technology to succeed, it must hav
17、e a purpose,“ he says. “Technology itself has no value. Its what you do with it that counts. “ Under the old paradigm, according to Courtot, enterprises overspent for stand-alone security devices that became unruly and difficult to operate over the long term He says Qualys attacks the flaws in this
18、strategy by streamlining security and tackling most of the service delivery through the cloud. “We control the infrastructure, software updates, quality assurance and just about everything in between,“ he says. The firm unveiled QualysGuard in 2000. After an infusion of $ 25 million from the venture
19、 firm Trident Capital and another $ 25 million from Gourtot, Qualys tweaked the service to focus mostly on vulnerability management. Much of the companys current revenue-sales, topped $ 50 million last year-is being driving by a set of standards established by the Payment Card Industry Security Stan
20、dards Council (PCISSC). “The PCI standard has been a major driver of business for all of them, especially Qualys,“ says Avivah Litan, a vice president and analyst at market-research firm Gartner. “When everyone has to comply, theres a lot of work to go around. /（分数：10.00）(1).The traditional way to e
21、nsure data security is by _. A applying for cloud computing B installing firewalls and antivirus programs C decreasing the chances for hackers D using a handful of hardwares and softwares（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The phrase “one-two punch“ (Line 2, Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to _. A fight B negat
22、ive effect C small size D combination（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Whats Courtots contribution to cc:Mail? A He transformed co Mail into a dominant e-mail platform. B He tackled most of the service delivery through the cloud. C He pushed technology to their customers. D He invested a lot of money to ensure c
23、ustomers security.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, which one about Qualys is TRUE? A It is a state-owned business company. B It is the first company that supports service-oriented model. C It can streamline security and tackle most of service delivery. D It doesnt focus mostly on vulnerab
24、ility management.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards the PCI standard is A supportive B critical C opposed D nonchalant（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of disco
25、very, they recoil from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have, todays scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of Science, argues persuasively that thi
26、s is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine, who has interviewed many of todays leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physici
27、st Sir Roger Penrose.The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation in the United States last year. “The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief, “Mr. Horgan says.The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal s
28、olutions. If they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code, plate tectonics, and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Banggenuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scien
29、tists are now alive, spending more money on research, that ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.Were the scientists who made these discoveries bri
30、ghter than todays? That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. “Look, dont get me wrong,“ says Mr Horgan. “There are lots of important things still to study, and applied science and engineering can go on for e
31、ver. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease, though there are few real signs of progress./（分数：10.00）(1).The sentence “most of the best things have already been located“ could mean_.A. most of the best things have already been changedB. most of the best things remain to be changedC.
32、there have never been so many best things waiting to be discoveredD. most secrets of the world have already been discovered（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).John Horgan_. has published a book entitled The End of Science. has been working as an editor of Scientific American. has been working many years as a liter
33、ary critic. is working as a science writerA. and B. C. and D. , and （分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).There have not been many genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades because_.A. there have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental scienceB. there are too many important things for scie
34、ntists to studyC. applied science and engineering take up too much time and energyD. todays scientists are not as intelligent as those in the past（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The term “the Big Bang“ probably refers to_.A. the genetic code theoryB. a geological theoryC. a theory of the origin of the universe
35、D. the origin and the power of atomic energy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title of this passage can be_.A. Great Scientific Discoveries Will Never Be PossibleB. The Harsh Challenge Has to Be Met by Modern ScientistsC. The State Sponsorship and Scientific Enterprise Are All in VainD. The Chance for G
36、reat Scientific Discoveries Becomes Scarce（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociol
37、ogy, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge).Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to un
38、derstand that is intrinsic and con-substantial to man. What distinguishes man from animals is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man.
39、The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, man must d
40、efend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is for the most part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me re
41、call a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic section zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the na
42、ture of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because o mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive o contemporary life.Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cann
43、ot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.（分数：10.00）(1).The author does not include among the sciences the study ofA literature.B chemistry.C astronomy.D anthropol
44、ogy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the authors view, the Greeks who studied conic sectionsA were mathematicians.B worked with electricity.C were interested in navigation.D were unaware of the value of their studies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, the most important advances made by mankind most
45、 probably stem fromA innovations.B the natural sciences.C technical applications.D apparently useless information.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author mentions electrical technology in paragraph 3 most probably toA confirm its importance in the modern world.B show the powerful influence of its inventions
46、.C verify the usefulness of theoretical knowledge.D give an example of success in practical science.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The title which best expresses the idea of this text isA Progress in Pure Science.B Learning for Its Own Sake.C Mans Science and Inventions.D Difference between Science and Techno
47、logy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Globally, recovery is going slightly better than expected, according to the IMF, which released its latest World Economic Outlook today. After shrinking by 0.6% last year, the global economy is likely to expand by 4.2% in 2010, 0.3% faster than the IMF p
48、rojected in January. But economic performances will continue to vary widely around the world. Much of the upward revision to global growth can be attributed to a better outlook for the American economy. The IMF revised its forecast for American economic expansion in 2010 up 0.4%, to 3.1%. There was no change, by contrast, for the euro area, which already faced a poorer growth outlook. The Euro area economy may only grow by 1% in 2010 and 1.5% in 2011. And much of the job of expansion will be handled by Germany and France, while southern European growth continues to lag.
