1、考研英语(一)-68 及答案解析(总分：93.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A controversial decision on whether choice cuts of steak and cartons of milk produced from cloned animals are suitable for the dinner table is now long overdue. Hundreds of pigs, cows and other animals created with the help of
2、cloning are living 1 farms across the United States and 2 the forthcoming ruling will directly 3 American consumers, British holidaymakers may also 4 themselves at the forefront of a food revolution that many commentators expect will 5 arrive here. 6 the birth of Dolly the sheep-the first mammal clo
3、ned from an adult cell-there were extreme predictions of herds of genetically 7 bulls and pastures 8 with cloned dairy cows. That double 9 of the past decade has not yet been realized 10 clones have become a familiar sight at agricultural fairs in America, where producers of 11 pigs and cattle have
4、been among the first to 12 cloning, which offers a way to keep 13 traits without inbreeding problems caused by traditional methods. Clones of rare and elite animals, including sheep, goats, and rabbits, 14 a way to improve animal healthy, 15 the nutritional value of meat and milk, and breed animals
5、immune 16 diseases or better suited for developing countries. The safety of cloned 17 has been under examination by various bodies. Three years ago the US National Academy of Science concluded that 18 available data indicated that cloning met animal welfare and food safety considerations, more infor
6、mation was needed. 19 scientific evidence suggests that there is little 20 for alarm, at least on food-safety grounds.（分数：20.00）A.atB.withinC.onD.inA.sinceB.althoughC.asD.thereforeA.touchB.moveC.impressD.affectA.findB.thinkC.takeD.patA.eventuallyB.accidentallyC.occasionallyD.promptlyA.In advance ofB
7、.At a timeC.In the wake ofD.For reasons ofA.identicalB.alikeC.duplicateD.similarA.coveredB.markedC.dottedD.scatteredA.wisdomB.foresightC.illusionD.visionA.untilB.unlessC.thenD.butA.originalB.primitiveC.primeD.primaryA.embraceB.surroundC.encloseD.adoptA.numerousB.extremeC.desirableD.reconstructiveA.p
8、roposeB.offerC.exhibitD.presentA.as toB.instead ofC.except forD.along withA.toB.forC.atD.towardsA.productB.productionC.produceD.productivityA.asB.whenC.whileD.ifA.GainingB.MountingC.AscendingD.succeedingA.reasonB.occasionC.accountD.cause二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Tex
9、t 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Until recently, the main villains of the piece had seemed to be the teachers“ unions, who have opposed any sort of reform or accountability. Now they face competition from an unexpectedly destructive force: the court. Fifty years ago, it was the judges who forced the schools to de
10、segregate through Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Now the courts have moved from broad principles to micromanagement, telling schools how much money to spend and where - right down to the correct computer or textbook. Twenty four states are currently Stuck in various court cases to do with finan
11、cing school systems, and another 21 have only recently settled various suits. Most will start again soon. Only five states have avoided litigation entirely. Nothing exemplifies the power of the courts better than an 11-year-old case that is due to be settled (sort of) in New York City, the home of A
12、merica“s biggest school system with 1. lm students and a budget nearing $13 billion. At the end of this month, three elderly members of the New York bar serving as judicial referees are due to rule in a case brought By the Campaign for Fiscal Equity, a leftish advocacy group, against the state of Ne
13、w York: they will decide how much more must Be spent to provide every New York City pupil with a “sound basic“ education. Rare is the politician willing to argue that more money for schools is a bad thing. But are the courts doing any good? Two suspicions arise. First, judges are making a lazy assum
14、ption that more money means better schools. As the international results show, the link between “inputs“ and “outputs“ is vague-something well documented by, among others, the late Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan of New York. Second, the courts are muddling an already muddled system. Over time, they
15、 have generally made it harder to get rid of disruptive pupils and bad teachers. The current case could be even worse. The courts have already said that, in order to determine the necessary spending, they may consider everything from class size to the availability of computers, textbooks and even pe
16、ncils. This degree of intervention is all the more scandalous because the courts have weirdly decided to ignore another set of “inputs“-the archaic work practices of school teachers and janitors. David Schoenbrod and Ross Sandier of New York Law School reckon the demands of the court will simply und
17、ermine reform and transform an expensive failure into a more expensive one. And of course, the litigation never ends. Kentucky, for example, is still in court 16 years after the first decision. A lawsuit first filed against New Jersey for its funding of schools in 1981 was “decided“ four years later
18、-but it has returned to the court nine times since, including early this year, with each decision pushing the court deeper into the management of the state“s schools. Bad iudges are even harder to boot out of school than bad pupils.（分数：10.00）(1).The author seems to believe that _.（分数：2.00）A.the cour
19、ts“ intervention of the school micromanagement is undesirableB.it is inappropriate for the courts to shift from 15rinciples to daily managementC.teachers used to support the school reform and assume the responsibilityD.schools were usually at a loss how and where to spend their money(2).The third pa
20、ragraph is intended mainly to _.（分数：2.00）A.reveal the problems in the American school systemB.show the importance of the case against New York stateC.exemplify the value of a “sound basic“ educationD.indicate the courts“ power over the school management(3).Senator D. P. Moynihan would probably agree
21、 that _.（分数：2.00）A.more money for schools will damage the further advancementB.better schools will not necessarily result from more moneyC.the relationship between input and output is widely ignoredD.politicians argue against more money for the schools(4).“Inputs“ as used in the text refer to all of
22、 the following Except _.（分数：2.00）A.money budget for the schoolB.teaching practices of teachersC.computers and textbooksD.performance of school janitors(5).What does the lawsuit filed against New Jersey indicate?（分数：2.00）A.Such lawsuits usually stay undecided for an extremely long timeB.Bad judges in
23、tend to render the school management a total chaosC.The courts get more involved into school routine as the lawsuits lastD.The lawsuits are always deeply combined with the funding of schools五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：4.00)One of the odd things about some business organizations is that they spend so much mone
24、y to lure new customers and spend so little to keep them after they“ve been landed. It just doesn“t make sense. Taking customers for granted is routine in some larger organizations, where mere bigness generates an attitude of indifference. Loyal customers are an organization“s only protection agains
25、t bankruptcy, and losing them because of neglect or indifference is downright sinful. Not only do satisfied customers continue to fatten the till, they often encourage others to buy. This is advertising that doesn“t cost a penny. And although there are always problems in giving good service to custo
26、mers, maintaining their patronage (光顾) isn“t all that difficult. It“s a matter of attitude, of believing that everyone who buys from you is entitled to the best treatment you can deliver. Plus giving just a little morethan you have to. We said there are always problems in giving good service to cust
27、omers. The reason, of course, is that no organization is perfect, and there“s many a slip: unreasonable delays in filling orders, shipping the wrong merchandise, failing to answer letters promptly, and so on. Sometimes these errors or failures can“t be helped. For example, if you can“t get parts bec
28、ause of material shortages or a transportation strike, customers may be denied the goods they“veordered. And not infrequently the customer is to blame-for example, failing to clearly identify the article or servjce required. Yet no matter who is at fault, customers whom you value highly should gener
29、ally be given the benefit of the doubt. Note that we said “customers whom you value highly.“ The old saying (格言) goes that all customers should be treated alike is a myth. Customers who repeatedly place large orders and pay for them will naturally, get more attention than those who buy infrequently
30、and have to be badgered to pay what they owe. However, you have to make the assumption that all customers are good unless proved otherwise.（分数：4.00）(1).The main idea of the passage is best expressed by which of the following? _（分数：0.80）A.Business organizations should not spend so much money to attra
31、ct new customersB.Maintaining customers“ patronage is the most important to business organizations“C.Customers are kingsD.Organizations should pay more attention to the benefit of their customers(2).Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the second paragraph? _（分数：0.80）A.Customers shou
32、ld always be well servicedB.Without loyal customers an organization might go bankruptC.Companies can employ custofners to advertise their productsD.It is difficult for large organizations to provide their customers with good service(3).The author might probably disagree with which of the following s
33、tatements?_（分数：0.80）A.Some errors and failures are unavoidableB.Both an organization and their customer are responsible for certain errorC.An attitude of indifference towards their customers might result in a heavy loss of profitD.Only regular customers deserve good treatment(4).What does the author
34、 imply in the sentence“The old saw that all customers should be treated alike is a myth”?_（分数：0.80）A.It“s not real that customers should be treated equalB.It“s not true that all customers are treated equalC.Customers received equal treatment in the pastD.It“s an old story that customers were treated
35、 equal(5).The word “identify” in the fourth paragraph is the same as _（分数：0.80）A.noticeB.distinguishC.describeD.recognize六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault, which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earth- quakes. But how many people know about the
36、 equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri.“? Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost dest oyed. Whole forests fel
37、l at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur to filter upward. The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run back
38、wards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earth- quakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New
39、York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington D.C. Scientists now know that America“s two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement o
40、f these two masses suddenly lurches forward. The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed,
41、 leaving huge cracks. Even now“, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions trigger earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into
42、southern Illinois. Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but rite scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.（分数
43、：4.00）(1).This passage is mainly about _.（分数：0.80）A.the New Madrid fault in MissouriB.the San Andreas and the New Madrid faultsC.the causes of faultsD.current scientific knowledge about faults(2).The New Madrid fault is_.（分数：0.80）A.a horizontal faultB.a vertical faultC.a more serious fault than the
44、San Andreas faultD.responsible for forming the Mississippi River(3).We may conclude from the passage that _.（分数：0.80）A.it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in CaliforniaB.the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in MissouriC.California will become an island in futu
45、reD.a big earthquake will occur to California soon(4).This passage implies that _.（分数：0.80）A.horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faultsB.vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faultsC.earthquakes may occur around fault areasD.California will break into pieces by an eventua
46、l earthquake(5).As used in the fifth sentence of the fourth paragraph, the word “essentially“ means _.（分数：0.80）A.greatlyB.extremelyC.basicallyD.necessarily七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)With U.S. companies sitting on an estimated $1.8 trillion in cash, it raises the question: Why aren“t they deploying more
47、 of their hoard to expand their businesses? Or one might channel John Maynard Keynes to ask: Where have the “animal spirits“ gone? Although capital spending in the U.S. is up 12 percent since the lows of early 2009, it“s still running $88 billion below the peak of $1.34 trillion reached in the first
48、 quarter of 2008, says Joseph LaVorgna, chief U.S. economist at Deutsche Bank. He doesn“t expect capital spending to catch up to that peak level and officially start to expand until the second quarter of 2011. (LaVorgna“s definition of capital spending includes physical equipment and software, but n
49、ot structures such as new stores or manufacturing plants. Spending on structures is about 2 percent of gross domestic product, one-third the size of capital sending“s contribution to GDP, he says.) “The trend and momentum have definitely turned and it“s just a matter of time before you see other companies give way to capital spending, and eventually that will result in hiring,“ says LaVorgna. But with spending running $88 billion below peak, he says employment “should be farther along than it is.“ Companies that ha
