1、考研英语(二)-27 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator (the television audience) will be the priority
2、 and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business. The new technologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to
3、 pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review Sports Illustrated recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of
4、the next century. It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainer“s bench, from the stands just behind the batte
5、r in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game. And at their disposal will be the same options the producer of the recorded program has: to select replays, to choose which camera to use and to decide on the sound-whether to hear the public, the players, th
6、e trainer and so on. Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies, will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence w
7、hich contradicts their view: while there is more basketball than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever. It is also the argument of these sports executives that television is harming the modest team. This is true, but the future of those teams i
8、s also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is the law of the market. The great events continually attract larger audience. The world is being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and, in their home, have access to the greatest possible range of
9、 recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world. The most visionary executives go further. Their philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport, why not have sports take over television?（分数：25.00）(1).What does the writer mean by saying “an indissoluble marriage“
10、 in the first paragraph?（分数：5.00）A.Sport is combined with television.B.Sport controls television.C.Television dictates sports.D.Sport and television will go their own ways.(2).What does “they“ (Line 2, Paragraph 2) stand for?（分数：5.00）A.Broadcasts.B.Channels.C.Spectators.D.Technologies.(3).What do ma
11、ny sports executives think of the new technologies?（分数：5.00）A.They are too old to do anything.B.They feel ill at ease.C.They feel completely at home.D.Technologies can go hand in hand with sports.(4).What is going to be discussed in the following paragraphs?（分数：5.00）A.The philosophy of visionary exe
12、cutives.B.The process of television taking over sport.C.Television coverage expansion.D.An example to show how sport has taken over television.(5).What might be the appropriate title of this text?（分数：5.00）A.The Arguments of Sports Executives.B.The Philosophy of Visionary Executives.C.Sports and Tele
13、vision in the 21st Century.D.Sports: a BusinessConvenience food helps companies by creating growth, but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilization, the microwave is the last enemy. The communion of eating together is easily broken by a device that l
14、iberates household citizens from waiting for mealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone. The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150,000 years, could be destr
15、oyed. Meals have certainly suffered from the rise of convenience food. The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the day“s first meal has all but disappeared. In the
16、20th century the leisure British breakfast was undermined by the cornflake; in the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether, a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar. Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook. One of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is th
17、at, while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13 minutes a day in 2002, the number of books and television programmes on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn“t a paradox. Maybe it is because people can“t cook any more, so they need to be told bo
18、w to do it. Or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbies-golf, yachting-not about chores. Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby. Although everybody lives in the kitchen, its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silverstein“s new book, Trading Up
19、 , look at mid-range consumer“s willingness to splash out. He says that industrial-style Viking cooktops, with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the “kitchen as theater“ trend in home goods. They cost from $1,000 to $9,000. Some 75% of them are never used. Convenience
20、 also has an impact on the healthiness, or otherwise, on food. Of course, there is nothing bad about ready-to-eat food itself. You don“t get much healthier than an apple, and all supermarkets sell a better-for-you range of ready-meals. But there is a limit to the number of apple people want to eat;
21、and these days it is easier for people to eat the kind of food that makes them fat. The three Harvard economists in their paper “Why have Americans become more obese?“ point out that, in the past, if people wanted to eat fatty hot food, they had to cook it. That took time and energya good chip needs
22、 frying twice, once to cook the potato and once to get it crispywhich discouraged consumption of that sort of food. Mass preparation of food took away that constraint. Nobody has to cut and double-cook their own fries these days. Who has the time?（分数：25.00）(1).What might the previous paragraphs deal
23、 with?（分数：5.00）A.The relationship between meals and convenience food.B.The importance of convenience food in people“s life.C.The rise of convenience food.D.The history of food industry.(2).What is the paradox in the third paragraph?（分数：5.00）A.People don“t know how to cook.B.The facilities in the kit
24、chen are not totally used.C.People are becoming more obese, thus unhealthy.D.Convenience food actually does not save people time.(3).Which of the following might the author most likely agree with?（分数：5.00）A.There is nothing bad about convenience food.B.Americans are becoming increasingly fat.C.Meals
25、 in Britain have all but disappeared.D.Convenience food is a revolution in cooking.(4).It can be inferred that Americans have become more obese because of _.（分数：5.00）A.eating chipsB.easier access to convenience foodC.being lazyD.being busy(5).What does the text mainly discuss?（分数：5.00）A.The bad effe
26、cts of convenience food.B.Mr. Silverstein“s new book.C.People“s new hobby.D.Disappearance of the old symbol of togetherness.There is no question that the academic enterprise has become increasingly global, particularly in the sciences. Nearly three million students now study outside their home count
27、riesa 57% increase in the last decade. Foreign students now dominate many U.S. Doctoral programs, accounting for 64% of Ph. Ds in computer science for example. Faculty members are on the move, too. Half of the world“s top physicists no longer work in their native countries. And major institutions su
28、ch as New York University are creating branch campuses in the Middle East and Asia. There are now 162 satellite campuses worldwide, an increase of 43% in just the past three years. At the same time, growing numbers of traditional source countries for students, from South Korea to Saudi Arabia, are t
29、rying to improve both the quantity and quality of their own degrees, engaging in a fierce and expensive race to recruit students and create world-class research universities of their own. Such competition has led to considerable hand-wringing in the West. During a 2008 campaign stop, for instance, t
30、hen-candidate Barack Obama expressed alarm about the threat that such academic competition poses to U.S. competitiveness. Such concerns are not limited to the United States. In some countries worries about educational competition and brain drains have led to academic protectionism. India, for instan
31、ce, places legal and bureaucratic barriers in front of Western universities that want to set up satellite campuses to enroll local students. Perhaps some of the anxiety over the new global academic enterprise is understandable. Particularly in a period of massive economic uncertainty. But educationa
32、l protectionism is as big a mistake as trade protectionism is. The globalization of higher education should be embraced, not fearedincluding in the United States. There is every reason to believe that the worldwide competition for human talent, the race to produce innovative research, the push to ex
33、tend university campuses to multiple countries, and the rush to train talented graduates who can strengthen increasingly knowledge-based economics will be good for the United States, as well.（分数：25.00）(1).The data in Paragraph 1 are used to illustrate _.（分数：5.00）A.foreign students“ dominance in Amer
34、ican doctoral programsB.the rapid growth of students studying abroadC.foreign students“ strong interest in computer scienceD.the globalization of higher education(2).Some countries are developing their own academic enterprises possibly due to _.（分数：5.00）A.the severe inadequacy of their own degreesB.
35、the massive pressure of American institutionsC.the fierce competition in student recruitmentD.the growing number of traditional source countries for students(3).Judging from the context, the word “hand-wringing“ (Line 1, Para.4) probably means _.（分数：5.00）A.indignationB.anxietyC.delightD.excitement(4
36、).It can be inferred that academic protectionism means _.（分数：5.00）A.restricting foreign universities“ branch campusesB.worries about brain drainsC.placing barriers in front of student source countriesD.enlarging recruitment of local students(5).The author“s attitude toward the competition of academi
37、c enterprises is one of _.（分数：5.00）A.skepticismB.approvalC.objectivenessD.uncertaintyWorking at nonstandard timesevenings, nights, or weekendsis taking its toll on American families. One-fifth of all employed Americans work variable or rotating shifts, and one-third work weekends, according to Harri
38、et B. Presser, sociology professor at the University of Maryland. The result is stress on familial relationships, which is likely to continue in coming decades. The consequences of working irregular hours vary according to gender, economic level, and whether or not children are involved. Single moth
39、ers are more likely to work nights and weekends than married mothers. Women in clerical, sales, or other low-paying jobs participate disproportionately in working late and graveyard shifts. Married-couple households with children are increasingly becoming dual-earner households, generating more spli
40、t-shift couples. School-aged children, however, may benefit from parents“ nonstandard work schedules because of the greater likelihood that a parent will be home before or after school. On the other hand, a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decl
41、ine in the quality of marriages. Nonstandard working hours mean families spend less time together for dinner but more time together for breakfast. One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies, however, based on parent, shift, and age of children. There is also a greater reliance on chi
42、ld care by relatives and by professional providers. Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and more a mandate of employer. Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades. She reports that in some European countries there
43、are substantial salary premiums for employees working irregular hours-sometimes as much as 50% higher. The convenience of having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend. Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent from public discourse. She emphasizes the need
44、for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours, the physical and emotional health of people working nights and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for working these hours. “Nonstandard work schedules not only are highly prevalent among American families but also generate a
45、 level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention,“ she says.（分数：25.00）(1).Working at nonstandard times is taking its toll on American families mainly due to _.（分数：5.00）A.its negative effects on marital stabilityB.rotating shiftsC.evenings, nights, or weekendsD.its consequences
46、(2).Which of the following is affected most by working irregular hours?（分数：5.00）A.Children.B.Married mothers.C.Single women with children.D.Working women.(3).Who would be in favor of the practice of working nonstandard hours?（分数：5.00）A.Children.B.Parents.C.Employees.D.Professional child providers.(4
47、).According to Presser, the influences of nonstandard work schedules are _.（分数：5.00）A.emphasizedB.absentC.neglectedD.prevalent(5).Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?（分数：5.00）A.Working Nonstandard Hours Is a Hell.B.Consequences of Working Irregular Hours.C.Reasons
48、 behind Working at Nonstandard Times.D.Working Odd Hours Must Be Watched.考研英语(二)-27 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the futur
49、e of sport. The spectator (the television audience) will be the priority and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business. The new technologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose.
