1、考研英语(二)分类真题 12 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exists in any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not resemble clos
2、ely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planet where life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not. Eve
3、n more interesting is the possibility that life on other planets may be in a more advanced state of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of l
4、eading individual lives. But man“s societies are already sufficiently developed to have enormously more power than the individuals have. It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long on the evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand years from now man“s societies may have be
5、come so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organisms and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merge
6、d as closely as the muscles of the human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion. The exploration of space should be prepared for such a situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by
7、 a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units. The units may be “secondary“ machines created millions of years ago by a previous form of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials. If this is th
8、e case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar carbon cycle. Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was f
9、avorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants from a favored planet.（分数：20.00）(1).Humans on Earth today are characterized by _（分数：4.00）A.their existence as free and separate beingsB.their capability of living under favorable conditionsC.their great power and effectivenessD.their strong
10、 desire for living in a close knit society(2).According to this passage, some people believe that eventually _（分数：4.00）A.human societies will be much more cooperativeB.man will live in a highly organized worldC.machines will take control over manD.living beings will disappear from Earth(3).Even most
11、 imaginative people have to admit that _（分数：4.00）A.human societies are as advanced as those on some other planetsB.planets other than Earth are not suitable for life like ours to stayC.it is difficult to distinguish between organic parts and inorganic parts of the human bodyD.organisms are more crea
12、tive than machines(4).It seems that the writer _（分数：4.00）A.is interested in the imaginary life formsB.is eager to find a different form of lifeC.is certain of the existence of a new life formD.is critical of the imaginative people(5).The passage is mainly concerned with _（分数：4.00）A.the feasibility o
13、f life existing on other planetsB.the description of Mars“ physical environmentC.the comparison between the physical features of Mars and EarthD.the feasibility of men“s migrating onto Mars四、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Like many Americans, Mark Seery watched the Virginia Tech School shooting unfold on the
14、 cable news networks in April 2007. It wasn“t just the catastrophe that disturbed himit was how some psychologists were advising the campus community to respond in the wake of the devastating tragedy. “There“s a sense that“s very much alive within the professional community that if people don“t talk
15、 about what they“re feeling, and try to suppress it that somehow it will only rebound down the road and make things worse,“ says Seery, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Buffalo. That, says Seery, is one of many examples of situations in which the first response to a tragedy“
16、s psychological ramifications is to encourage victims and bystanders to talk about their emotions in the wake of the event. That idea is constantly reinforced by a battery of television therapists who harp on the importance of sharing your feelings. But is that really the best medicine? Seery“s new
17、research offers an alternative to that philosophy. His work suggests that those who do not reveal their feelings in the wake of a collective trauma turn out just fine, if not better, than those who do. Seery used an online survey to query a national sample about their reactions to the 9/11 attacks,
18、beginning on the day itself. The respondents were divided into two groups: those who said they were initially unwilling to talk about their feelings, and the rest. At the end of the two-year survey period, those who decided not to share their feelings reported fewer related mental and physical probl
19、ems. That effect was even more pronounced among those who lived close to the tragedy. Seery also found an interesting correlation between the level of sharing and well-being. Participants could decide how much they wanted to report about their feelings on the survey. Seery found that there was a cor
20、relation between those who wrote the lengthier, more in-depth descriptions of their feelings and those who had worse mental and physical statuses. Does the study turn conventional wisdom completely on its head, suggesting that it“s better to stay quiet in the aftermath of a traumatic event? Not quit
21、e. Seery explains that the respondents who felt the need to divulge their emotions started off in a worse mental and physical state in the first place, likely a bit more susceptible to the stress of a collective traumatic event. “The people who were talking were probably more distressed by the event
22、,“ says Seery. “The initial distress motivated them to want to have some place to talk about it. whereas people who chose not to talk were less likely to say that they were trying to cope.“ The take-home message, then, is that there is no one right way to react to traumatic events; there is a wide r
23、ange of normal and healthy responses to tragedy.（分数：20.00）(1).The most popular way of giving advice to victims after a disaster is that _（分数：4.00）A.they should calm down and reflect on the eventB.they should keep themselves open to adviceC.they should share their feeling about itD.they should not fe
24、el disturbed but learn to adapt(2).Seery“s research shows that in the wake of disastrous events _（分数：4.00）A.revelation of their distressed feelings helps people to adaptB.sharing one“s feelings is not necessarily the best way to copeC.no psychological therapy is necessary to relieve the victimsD.vic
25、tims and bystanders should turn to television therapists for advice(3).In the survey, the respondents who witnessed the 9/11 attacks at a short distance _（分数：4.00）A.recovered more quickly from the shockB.reported more serious symptoms of depressionC.were more inclined to talk about their feelingsD.r
26、eported more mental problems than physical ones(4).Contrary to traditional wisdom, Seery found that _（分数：4.00）A.the psychologists to whom the victims exposed their feelings often gave wrong adviceB.reporting their feelings on the Internet made the victims feel better than face-to-face talkC.some peo
27、ple who revealed their feelings might turn out to be less well-off than otherwiseD.longer description of their feelings might be an indication that the victims suffered smaller loss(5).The author concludes the argument by saying that _（分数：4.00）A.the victims who suffer most are likely to divulge thei
28、r feelingsB.conventional wisdom often misleads victims of a traumatic eventC.people who talk most are more susceptible to traumatic experiencesD.there is no one rule to follow in helping victims to cope with a disaster五、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)That Louise Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the
29、 greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been considered the prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons: it was erro
30、neously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the de
31、cades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States: while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940s, it was only
32、 after 1945when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world that major sculptures were produced in the United States. Some of the best were the works of women. By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female ar
33、tist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work, “For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail.“ Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and the Merzbau of Schwitters. Nevel
34、son would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility
35、of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, “I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind.“ Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she
36、 has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments crea
37、te a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggest such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to
38、architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louise Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following statements is supported by the information given in the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Since 1945 women sculptors in the United States have produced more scul
39、ptures than have men sculptors.B.Since 1950 sculptures produced in the United States have been the most original and creative sculptures produced anywhere.C.From 1900 to 1950 women sculptors in Europe enjoyed more recognition for their works than did women sculptors in the United States.D.Prior to 1
40、945 there were few major sculptures produced by men or women sculptors working in the United States.(2).The author quotes Hilton Kramer most probably in order to illustrate _（分数：4.00）A.the realism of Nevelson“s workB.the unique qualities of Nevelson“s styleC.the extent of critical approval of Nevels
41、on“s worksD.a distinction between sculpture and painting(3).Which of the following is one way in which Nevelson“s art illustrates her theory?（分数：4.00）A.She sculpts in wood rather than in metal or stone.B.She paints her sculptures and frames them in boxes.C.She makes no preliminary sketches but gives
42、 herself the freedom in creation.D.She puts together pieces of ordinary objects to make her sculptures.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes Nevelson“s sculptures _（分数：4.00）A.suggest religious and symbolic meaningsB.do not have qualities characteristic of sculpturesC.are m
43、ysterious and awe-inspiring, but not beautifulD.show the influence of twentieth-century architecture(5).The author regards Nevelson“s status in the art world as “remarkable“ in part because _（分数：4.00）A.women sculptors have found it especially difficult to be accepted as major artistsB.Nevelson“s scu
44、lptures are symbolic and difficult to understandC.many art critics have favored painting over sculpture in writing about the art worldD.few of the artists prominent in the twentieth century have been sculptors六、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Like other academic institutions, business schools are judged by th
45、e quality of the research carried out by their faculties. At the same time they mean to equip their students for the real world, however that is defined. Whether academic research actually produces anything that is useful to the practice of business, or even whether it is its job to do so, are quest
46、ions that can provoke vigorous arguments on campus. The debate, which first became intense during the 1950s, was reignited in August, when AACSB International, the most widely recognised global evaluating agency for business schools, announced it would consider changing the way it evaluates research
47、. The news followed rather grave criticism in 2002 from Jeffrey Pfeffer, a Stanford professor, and Christina Fong of Washington University, which questioned whether business education in its current guise was sustainable. The most controversial recommendation in AACSB“s draft report (which was sent
48、round to administrators for their comment) is that the schools be required to demonstrate the value of their faculties“ research not simply by listing its citations in journals, but by demonstrating the impact it has in the ordinary world. AACSB justifies its stance by saying that it wants schools a
49、nd faculty to play to their strengths, whether they be in pedagogy, in the research of practical applications, or in scholarly endeavour. And research of any kind is expensiveAACSB points out that business schools in America alone spend more than $320m a year on it. So it seems legitimate to ask for what purpose it is undertaken. On one level, the question is simple to answer. Research in business schools, as anywhere else, is about expanding the boundaries of knowledge. But it is also about cementing schools“and professors“
