1、考研英语(二)分类真题 2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs“s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparen
2、tly managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman“s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position
3、was just taking up too much time, she said. Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm“s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive“s proposals. If the sky
4、, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply che
5、cked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise“ disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company wi
6、ll subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad
7、performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.“ Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms. But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to thei
8、r reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the examp
9、le of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.（分数：25.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for _（分数：5.00）A.gaining excessive profitsB.failing to fulfill her dutyC.refusing to make compromisesD.leaving the board in tough times(2).We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside dir
10、ectors are supposed to be _（分数：5.00）A.generous investorsB.unbiased executivesC.share price forecastersD.independent advisers(3).According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director“s surprise departure, the firm is likely to _（分数：5.00）A.become more stableB.report increased ear
11、ningsC.do less well in the stock marketD.perform worse in lawsuits(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors _（分数：5.00）A.may stay for the attractive offers from the firmB.have often had records of wrongdoings in the firmC.are accustomed to stress-free work in the firmD.wil
12、l decline incentives from the firm(5).The author“s attitude toward the role of outside directors is _（分数：5.00）A.permissiveB.positiveC.scornfulD.critical四、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertis
13、ing and readers that had not already fled to the Internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America“s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize th
14、em? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only su
15、rvived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same. It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 200
16、7. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthi
17、er mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour F
18、rench interference. A “southern“ camp headed by French wants something different: “European economic government“ within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borr
19、owing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs. It is too soon to writ
20、e off the EU. It remains the world“s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal, built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious at
21、tempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.（分数：25.00）(1).The EU is faced with so many problems that _（分数：5.00）A.it has more or less lost faith in marketsB.even its supporters begin to feel concernedC.some of its member countries plan to abandon euroD.it intends to
22、 deny the possibility of devaluation(2).The debate over the EU“s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers _（分数：5.00）A.are competing for the leading positionB.are busy handling their own crisesC.fail to reach an agreement on harmonizationD.disagree on the steps towards disintegration(3).T
23、o solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that _（分数：5.00）A.EU funds for poor regions be increasedB.stricter regulations be imposedC.only core members be involved in economic co-ordinationD.voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed(4).The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that _（分数：
24、5.00）A.poor countries are more likely to get fundsB.strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countriesC.loans will be readily available to rich countriesD.rich countries will basically control Eurobonds(5).Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel _（分数：5.00）A.pessimisticB.desper
25、ateC.conceitedD.hopeful考研英语(二)分类真题 2 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs“s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of
26、the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman“s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left th
27、e board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said. Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm“s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive“s
28、 proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004
29、. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise“ disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probabili
30、ty that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leavi
31、ng and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.“ Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms. But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of a
32、voiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors
33、 will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.（分数：25.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for _（分数：5.00）A.gaining excessive profitsB.failing to fulfill her duty C.refusing to make compromisesD.leaving the board in tough times解析：解析 第一段, Simmons 在 20
34、09 年受到了激烈批评(under fire)，其中的原因并不是她自己拿到多少奖金，而是她身为公司薪酬委员会的一员(sit on 这里指担任委员)，眼看着公司支出如此多奖金而没有发表任何言论(unremarked)，也就是说，她没有履行自己的职责。注意：这个题主要指向第一段第三句这个转折句，转折句往往表达文章重要信息。(2).We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be _（分数：5.00）A.generous investorsB.unbiased executivesC.share price for
35、ecastersD.independent advisers 解析：解析 这道题提问的仍然是文章重要信息，即外部董事的特点。第二段提到，人们通常期待外部董事能在董事会上发挥作用，但同时不带有先入之见或个人倾向。他们被认为有足够的独立性，能对公司总裁的建议提出不同意见。第二段实际上介绍了外部董事的主要职责，由此可见，外部董事最大的特点就是比内部董事的独立性更强，他们可以借助自己在其他公司获得的管理经验，对公司的一些决定进行更客观的评价，表达不同意见。(3).According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside dir
36、ector“s surprise departure, the firm is likely to _（分数：5.00）A.become more stableB.report increased earningsC.do less well in the stock market D.perform worse in lawsuits解析：解析 第三段提到俄亥俄州立大学的一项研究。研究者发现，外部董事离开后更可能发生如下事情：(1)公司重编收益报表；(2)公司容易卷入集体诉讼案(class-action lawsuit 通常指工人因工资等问题集体状告公司的案件)；(3)股票表现欠佳。(4).
37、It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors _（分数：5.00）A.may stay for the attractive offers from the firm B.have often had records of wrongdoings in the firmC.are accustomed to stress-free work in the firmD.will decline incentives from the firm解析：解析 这是一道推理题，也就是说，考生不能根据文章的内容直接获得答
38、案，必须要经过一定的逻辑推理才能选出正确答案。最后一段提到，虽然调查发现在不良状况发生的时候外部董事仍然在董事会里，但是如果他们在坏消息泄露(break 这里意为“泄露，暴露”)之前离开，就能避免他们的名誉受损。如果公司想在困难时期挽留外部董事，不得不提供激励，否则，他们就要像 Simmons 一样一走了之。由此推断，如果公司提供 incentives(指物质激励，如增加薪金)，这些外部董事有可能留下来，继续为公司服务。(5).The author“s attitude toward the role of outside directors is _（分数：5.00）A.permissive
39、B.positiveC.scornfulD.critical 解析：解析 这是一道态度题，回答这类题要注意抓住作者的基本观点。作者似乎对外部董事没有好感。第一段提到 Simmons 的经历，她黯然离开了 Goldman Sachs(一家金融投资公司的名字)，虽然她自己说当外部董事占用了她很多时间，但真正原因是她受到批评被迫离开。俄亥俄州立大学的调查也发现，伴随外部董事的突然离开经常出现一些不好的事情。这些人在公司出现不良状况时离开，但他们往往又能高就。在第三段中，trade up 原意是“通过买卖使价格提高”，这里指这些人换一个公司能获得更好的待遇。结果，他们就离开更危险、更小的公司，到更大、
40、更稳定的公司中就职。最后一段还提到他们可能受到incentives 的诱惑。四、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chroni
41、cling their own doom. America“s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. In much of the world there is lit
42、tle sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all
43、the same. It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant subu
44、rbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance o
45、n ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference. A “southern“ camp headed by French wants something different: “European economic government“ w
46、ithin an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France
47、government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs. It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world“s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably libera
48、l, built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.（分数：25.00）(1).The EU is faced with
49、so many problems that _（分数：5.00）A.it has more or less lost faith in marketsB.even its supporters begin to feel concerned C.some of its member countries plan to abandon euroD.it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation解析：解析 第一段提到，如果你要问“欧盟能成功吗”(make it 意为“成功”)这个问题，以前会有人感到奇怪，但是现在，即使欧盟的支持者也在说，欧盟面临着一个由债务、人口下降、低增长率所形成的“百慕大三角”。这里，the project 指欧元区的设立(最后一段的 European project 也是如此)，cheerleader 指支持者，continent 指欧洲大陆，Bermuda triangle 通常喻指充满潜在危险的形势。把欧元区比作 Bermuda triangle，说明这些人很担忧欧元区的现状。(2).The debate over
