1、考研英语-142 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Fears of “mad cow“ disease spread U(1) /U the globe last week U(2) /U South Africa, New Zealand and Singapore joining most of Britain s European Union partners in U(3) /U imports of British beef. In London, steak restaurants were em
2、pty follwing the March 20 announcement by scientists that they had found a U(4) /U link between mad cow disease from British beef and its human U(5) /U, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD) .Efforts to reassure consumers and governments proved U(6) /U. France, Germany, Italy, Finland and Greece were among
3、 countries which announced bans U(7) /U British beef shipments.A committee of EU veterinary experts, meeting in Brussels, U(8) /U new protective measures but said transmission of the disease from cattle to humans was unproven and did not U(9) /U a general ban on British beef exports. Britains own ma
4、in consumer group advised people to U(10) /U beef if they wanted to be absolutely sure of not U(11) /U CJD which destroys the brain and is always U(12) /U.“Could it be worse than AIDS?“The stark headline in Fridays Daily mail newspaper encapsulated the fear and uncertainty U(13) /U Britain. CJD U(14
5、) /U humans in the same way that BSE makes cows madby eating away nerve cells in the brain U(15) /U it looks like a spongy Swiss cheese.The disease is incurable. Victims show U(16) /U of dementia and memory loss and usually die U(17) /U six months.Little is known U(18) /U sure about the group of dis
6、eases known collectively as spongiform encephalopathies, which explains U(19) /U some eminent scientists are not prepared to U(20) /U a human epidemic of AIDS-like proportions.（分数：10.00）A.inB.onC.overD.aroundA.fromB.withC.uponD.toA.acceptingB.banningC.cancellingD.allowingA.likelyB.likingC.alikeD.lik
7、eA.sameB.equivalentC.counterpartD.likenessA.fruitB.fruitfulC.failureD.fruitlessA.onB.inC.overD.forA.have recommendedB.has recommendedC.recommendedD.recommendingA.call onB.call forC.call inD.call forthA.stop to eatB.stop eatingC.stop to be eatingD.stop not to eatA.to contractB.being contractedC.contr
8、actingD.contractA.fatalB.deadlyC.lethalD.mortalA.which is grippingB.to gripC.grippedD.grippingA.affectedB.affectsC.effectD.affectingA.afterB.beforeC.untilD.whenA.marksB.traceC.symbolsD.signsA.afterB.untilC.inD.withinA.inB.ofC.forD.toA.howB.whyC.whatD.whenA.rule offB.rule outC.rule overD.rule of二、BSe
9、ction Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/BIn an interview last month, Frank Church, chairman of the Senate committee that is investigating the CIA, issued an oblique but impassioned warning, that the technology of eavesdropping had become so highly developed that Americans might soon be left with “no plac
10、e to hide“. That day may have arrived. Newsweek has learned that the countrys most secret intelligence operation, the National Security Agency, already possesses the computerized equipment to monitor nearly all overseas telephone calls and most domestic and international printed messages.The agencys
11、 devices monitor thousands of telephone circuits, cable lines and the microwave transmissons that carry an increasing share of both spoken and written communications. Computers are programed to watch for “trigger“ words or phrases indicating that a message might interest intelligence analysis, when
12、the trigger is pulled, entire messages are tape-recorded or printed out.That kind of eavesdropping is, however, relatively simple compared with the breakthroughs that lie ahead in the field of snoopery. Already it is technically feasible to “bug“ an electric typewriter by picking up its feeble elect
13、ronic emissions from a remote location and then translating them into words. And some scientists believe that it may be possible in the future for remote electronic equipment to intercept and “read“ human brain waves.Where such capabilities exist, so too does the potential for abuse. It is the old s
14、tory of technology rushing forward with some new wonder, before the man who supposedly control the machines have figure out how to prevent the machines from controlling them.（分数：10.00）(1).Which is the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Fight Against EavesdroppingB.A New BreakthrouthC.No Place to
15、HideD.An Impassioned Warning(2).Which of the following is most likely to be bugged?（分数：2.00）A.International telephone calls.B.International printed messages.C.Domestic printed messages.D.Electric typewriters.(3).The warning given by Frank Church is _.（分数：2.00）A.indirect but enthusiasticB.direct but
16、passionateC.ambiguous but calmD.definite but indifferent(4).What is the authors attitude towards eavesdropping?（分数：2.00）A.Admiration.B.Worry.C.Fury.D.Unconcern.(5).It can be inferred that _.（分数：2.00）A.man will eventually be controlled by machinesB.machines will eventually be controlled by manC.man i
17、s sometimes deceived by machinesD.machines often rush into human brainsBText 2/BThe producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their products manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than that
18、 for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation research
19、s classic studies, one often cited in the trade. Mason Haire, of the university of California, constructed two shopping lists that were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, bread, baking powder, canned peaches, and potatoes, with the brands or
20、 amounts specified. The seventh item, in fifth place on both lists, read “1 lb. Maxwell House Coffee“ on one list and “Nestle Instant Coffee“ on the other. One list was given to each one in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to
21、 study their lists and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of women (“personality and character“) who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only
22、one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy; only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about
23、 the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, most people said they didnt like instant coffee because _.（分数：2.00）A.it had many disadvantagesB.they didnt want to be lazy housewives and poor plannersC.they didnt like its tasteD.it was spoiled by too much adv
24、ertising(2).Which of the following was confirmed by the motivation studies?（分数：2.00）A.Instant coffee was strongly resisted in the market places.B.The advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee.C.There might be deeper reasons in the resistance to instant c
25、offee.D.It was a lazy housewife who used instant coffee.(3).How many items were inluded in each shopping fist?（分数：2.00）A.6B.7C.12D.14(4).Which of the follwing statements is true about the result of the test?（分数：2.00）A.Nearly half of the women tested described the instant coffee user a lazy housewife
26、 and a poor planner.B.About fifty percent of the women were lazy.C.25% the women tested believed that wives who used instant coffee were lazy.D.Wives who used regular coffee were good planners.(5).According to the passage, many women preferred regular coffee to instant coffee because _.（分数：2.00）A.re
27、gular coffee tasted better than instant coffeeB.they intented to do something the hard wayC.they felt unconciously ashamed of prepairing instant coffeeD.they dont like to change their way of doing thingsBText 3/BGeorge Bernard Shaw(18561950)was born in Dublin, Ireland. At the age of 14, after gradua
28、ting from middle school, Shaw was put into a job as clerk in a land agents office. At 20 he went to London where he remained jobless for 9 years, devoting much time to self-education. Meantime, Shaw took an active part in the socialist movement. A contemporary of Shaws thus wrote of him: “I used to
29、be a daily frequenter of the British Museum Reading Room. Even more assiduous in his attendance was a young man. .My curiosity was piqued by the odd conjunction of his subjects of research. Day after day for weeks he had before him two booksKarl Marxs Das Kapital (in French), and an orchestral score
30、(管弦乐乐谱) of Tristan and Isolde.“Though Shaw admitted Marxs great influence on him, he failed to grasp the necessity of a revolutionary reconstruction of the world. A strong influence was exercised on Shaw by the Fabian society, the English reformist organization.In the early period of his literary ca
31、reer, Shaw wrote some novels, “An Unsocial Socialist“ and others, in which he developed the traditions of critical realism, bitterly criticizing the stupidity, snobbishness and petty tyranny of the middle class. In the nineties Shaw turned to the theatre, first working as a dramatic critic, then wri
32、ting plays for the stage. His role in the development of dramaturgy is very great. Shaw was an enemy of “art for arts sake“. He wrote, “for arts sake I will not face the toil of writing a sentence.“ He used the stage to criticize the evils of capitalism. He wrote 51 plays in total, the important one
33、s including “Widowers Houses“, “Saint Joan“ and “The Apple Cart“. In his plays Shaw laid bare the gross injustice and utter inhumanity of the bourgeois society. This he achieved not so much by the structures of plots in his plays as by the brilliant dialogues between the characters. His exposure of
34、capitalist society is very significant and it places Shaw among the most important representatives of critical realism in modern English literature.（分数：10.00）(1).The inference we can draw from what a contemporary of Shaws is that _.（分数：2.00）A.he was more diligent than ShawB.he was a friend of ShawsC
35、.Shaw once made a careful study of Marxs worksD.Shaw once composed an orchestral score(2).Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Shaw was not influenced by Marx, any more than he was influenced by the Fabian society.B.The influence of the Fabian so
36、ciety on Shaw exceeded Marxs influence on him.C.Shaw admitted that he was influenced by both Marx and the Fabian society to some extent.D.Marxs great influence on Shaw surpassed that of Fabian society on him.(3).Which of the following statements is NOT correct?（分数：2.00）A.“An Unsocial Socialist“ is t
37、ypical of Shaws novels.B.Shaw left 51 plays for his readers.C.Shaw first worked as a dramatic critic for his literary career.D.Shaw took a strong stand against the trend of “art for arts sake“.(4).In his plays, Shaw achieved the exposure of capitalist society _.（分数：2.00）A.by either the structures of
38、 plots or the brilliant dialogues between the charactersB.by the brilliant dialogues between the characters better than by the structures of plotsC.by both the brilliant plots and dialogues equallyD.by the brilliant dialogues between the characters instead of by the structures of plots(5).Which of t
39、he following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.In his teens, Shaw took an active part in the socialist movement.B.In his twenties, Shaw was out of work for 9 years.C.In his works, Shaw spoke for the socialism movement by criticizing the evils of capitalism.D.In his nineties, Shaw turned to the theatre.B
40、Text 4/BIn recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judicial system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigantsand the litigants, or parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many sugges
41、tions have been made concerning methods of ameliorating the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges fro
42、m other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which thejudge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial co
43、nferences is that judges will spend leas time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study has shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they sa
44、ve, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements.Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing.
45、 In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleadingthe litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff waives any right
46、to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.In coming years, we can expect to see more and more innovations in the continuing effort to remedy a situation which must be remedied if the citizens who have valid claims are going to be able to have their day in court.（分数：10.00）(1).The pretrial
47、conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.narrow the issuesB.cause early settlementsC.save judicial timeD.increase settlement costs(2).What is the main topic of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.All states should follow Californias example in using small-claims courts in
48、 order to free judges for other work.B.The legislature needs to formulate fewer laws so that the judiciary can catch up on its older cases.C.Nobody seems to care enough to attempt to find methods for making the judicial system more efficient.D.While there are many problems with the court system, the
49、re are viable suggestions for improvement.(3).The word litigants means most nearly _.（分数：2.00）A.jury membersB.commentatorsC.parties in a lawsuitD.taxpayers(4).Which of the following is true about small-claims courts?（分数：2.00）A.It is possible to have ones case heard by a jury if he or she is dissatisfied with the cou
