1、考研英语-864 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace do not help you make more genuine close friends, according to a survey by researchers who have studied how the websites are changing the (1) of friendship networks. Although soci
2、al networking on the Internet helps people to (2) hundreds or even thousands of acquaintances, the researchers believe that face to face (3) is nearly always (4) in forming truly close friendships. “Although the numbers of friends people have on these sites can be (5) , the actual number of close fr
3、iends is (6) the same in the face to face real world,“ said Will Reader at Sheffield Hallam University.Social networking websites such as Facebook, Bebo and MySpace have (7) rapidly in recent years. Previous research has suggested that a persons (8) friendship group (9) of around 150 people, with fi
4、ve very close friends but larger numbers of people who we keep in touch with less (10) . This figure is so (11) that scientists have suggested it is determined by our cognitive (12) . Larger numbers just require too much brain effort to keep (13) . But Dr. Reader and his team have found that social
5、networking sites do allow people to (14) this figure and broaden their (15) of nodding acquaintances because staying in touch online is easy. What social network sites can do is to decrease the cost of (16) and forming these social networks because we can post information to (17) people,“ he said.Bu
6、t to (18) a real friendship we need to see that the other person is trustworthy. “We (19) time and effort in them in the hope that sometime they will help us out. It is a kind of (20) relationship,“ said Dr. Reader.（分数：10.00）A.attributeB.purposeC.characterD.natureA.uniteB.associateC.collectD.amassA.
7、interviewB.contactC.interchangeD.encounterA.imperativeB.compulsoryC.mandatoryD.arbitraryA.dramaticB.massiveC.superfluousD.grandA.particularlyB.actuallyC.approximatelyD.ultimatelyA.taken onB.taken outC.taken upD.taken offA.collaborativeB.conventionalC.commonplaceD.collectiveA.consistsB.constitutesC.c
8、omposesD.comprisesA.urgentlyB.willinglyC.intenselyD.regularlyA.impressiveB.coherentC.consistentD.modestA.restraintsB.constraintsC.refrainsD.reservesA.in mindB.clear ofC.track ofD.pace withA.stretchB.fastenC.boostD.heightenA.rollB.formC.amountD.listA.remainingB.reservingC.conservingD.maintainingA.div
9、erseB.multipleC.potentialD.exclusiveA.developB.produceC.makeD.induceA.costB.spendC.investD.affordA.complementaryB.reciprocalC.symmetricalD.compatible二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Not long after the telephone was invented, I assume, a call was place
10、d. The caller was a parent saying, “Your child is bullying my child, and I want it stopped!“ The bullys parent replied, “You must have the wrong number. My child is a little angel. “A trillion phone calls later, the conversation is the same. When children are teased or tyrannized, the parental impul
11、se is to grab the phone and rant. But these days, as studies in the U. S. show, bullying is on the rise and parental supervision on the decline, researchers who study bullying say that calling morns and dads is more futile than ever. Such calls often lead to playground recriminations and dont really
12、 teach our kids any lessons about how to navigate the world and resolve conflicts.When you call parents, you want them to “extract the cruelty“ from their bullying children, says Laura Kavesh, a child psychologist in Evanston, Illinois. “But many parents are blown away by the idea of their children
13、being cruel. They wont believe it. “ In a recent police-department survey in Oak Harbor, Washington, 89% of : local high school students said they had engaged in bullying behavior. Yet only 18% of parents thought their children would act as bullies.In a new U.S. PTA survey, 5% of parents support con
14、tacting other parents to deal with bullying. But many: educators warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted, causing tempers to flare. Instead, they say, parents should get objective outsiders, like principals, to mediate.Meanwhile, if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your ch
15、ilds bullying, listen without getting defensive. Thats what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley, California, did when a caller told her that her then 13-yearold son had spit in another boys food. Her son had confessed, but the victims morn “wanted to make sure my son hadnt given her son a nasty disease,“
16、says McHugh, who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases. She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote, but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHughs son that his bad behavior was being taken seriously. McHugh, founder of Parents Coach K
17、ids, a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the test results. All were negative.Remember : once you make a call, you might not like what you hear. If you have an itchy dialing finger, resist temptation. Put it in your pocket.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “bullying“ (Line 2, Para. 1) probably m
18、eans（分数：2.00）A.punching.B.laughing at.C.frightening and hurting.D.teasing.(2).Calling to a bullys parent（分数：2.00）A.has long existed but changed its content.B.is often done with careful thinking.C.is used to warn the child not to do it again.D.often leads to blaming and misunderstanding.(3).According
19、 to the surveys done in the U. S.,（分数：2.00）A.parents are not supervising their children well.B.bullying among adults is also rising.C.parents seldom believe bullies.D.most parents resort to calling to deal with bullying.(4).What are parents advised to do when bullying occurs?（分数：2.00）A.To help the b
20、ullying child get rid of cruelty.B.To avoid getting too protective and keep calm.C.To resort to an objective outsider for mediating.D.To ask the bullying childs principal to instruct him or her.(5).Why did Laura McHugh promise to get the bullied boy tested for diseases?（分数：2.00）A.Because her son con
21、fessed to being wrong.B.Because she wanted to teach her own son a lesson.C.Because she was afraid to annoy the boys parent.D.Because the boy was likely to be affected by these diseases.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)World prehistory is written from data recovered from thousands of archaeological sites, pla
22、ces where traces of human activity are to be found. Sites are normally identified through the presence of manufactured tools.Archaeological sites are most commonly classified by the activity that occurred there. Habitation sites are places where people lived and carried out a wide range of different
23、 activities. Most prehistoric sites come under this category, but habitation sites can vary from a small open campsite through rock shelters and caves, to large accumulations of shellfish remains (shell middens). Village habitation sites may consist of a small accumulation of occupation deposit and
24、mud hut fragments, huge earthen mounds, or communes of stone buildings or entire buried cities. Each presents its own special excavation problems.Burial sites provide a wealth of information on the prehistoric past. Grinning skeletons are very much part of popular archaeological legend, and human re
25、mains are common finds in the archaeological record. The earliest deliberate human burials are between fifty and seventy thousand years old. Individual burials are found in habitation sites, but often the inhabitants designated a special area for a cemetery. This cemetery could be a communal burial
26、place where everyone was buried regardless of social status. Other burial sites, like the Shang royal cemeteries in China, were reserved for nobility alone. Parts of a cemetery were sometimes reserved for certain special individuals in society such as clan leaders or priests. The patterning of grave
27、 goods in a cemetery can provide information about intangible aspects of human society such as religious beliefs or social organization. So can the pattern of deposition of the burials, their orientations in their graves, even family grouping. Sometimes physical anthropologists can detect biological
28、 similarities between different skeletons that may reflect close family, or other, ties.Quarry sites are places where people mined prized raw materials such as obsidian (a volcanic glass used for fine knives and mirrors) or copper. Excavations at such sites yield roughed out blanks of stone, or meta
29、l ingots, as well as finished products ready for trading elsewhere. Such objects were bartered widely in prehistoric times.Art sites such as the cave of Altamira in northern Spain, or Lascaux in southwestern France, are commonplace in some areas of the world, noticeably southern Africa and parts of
30、North America. Many are caves and rock shelters where prehistoric people painted or engraved game animals, scenes of daily life, or religious symbols. Some French art sites are at least fifteen thousand years old.Each of these site types represents a particular form of human activity, one that is re
31、presented in the archaeological record by specific artifact and surface indications found and recorded by the archaeologist.（分数：10.00）(1).An archaeological site is defined as a place where（分数：2.00）A.some record of human activity is found.B.human buries beloved animals.C.evidence of plant or animal l
32、ife exists.D.particular rock formations suggest the patterns of history.(2).Generally speaking, archaeological sites are classified according to（分数：2.00）A.the people who lived there.B.the historical period during which they were occupied.C.the type of activity for which they were used.D.the degree o
33、f civilization of those who lived there.(3).From which of the following features of graves can the archaeologists get information about a particular society?（分数：2.00）A.The location of the grave.B.The goods buried with the person.C.The degree of preservation of the body.D.The orientation of the grave
34、.(4).Which of the following about quarry sites is correct?（分数：2.00）A.Human remains were often found there.B.Burials of famous people were found there.C.They are commonplace in North America.D.They are places where valuable materials were found(5).According to the text, art sites often contain（分数：2.0
35、0）A.paintings showing scenes of daily life.B.engravings of famous people.C.paintings recording the location of burial sites.D.tools and primitive devices used for engraving.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)All big ideas start life on the fringes of debate. Very often it takes a shocking: event to move them i
36、nto the mainstream. Until last year interest in climate change was espoused mainly by scientists and green lobbyists -and the few politicians they had badgered into paying attention. But since Hurricane Katrina, something seems to have changed, particularly in America.There are plenty of anecdotal s
37、igns of change: Britains pro business Tories have turned green; AI Gore is back in fashion in America. Companies are beginning to take action and encouraging governments to do the same. Europe already has an emissions trading system (ETS) for its five dirtiest industries. In America, although the Bu
38、sh administration still resists federal legislation, more and more states do not.So far the political rows about global warming have centered on two polluters, smoggy factories and dirty cars. Next month the European Parliament will vote on whether to extend its emissions trading system to airlines.
39、 If it decides in favor, the whole industry will feel the impact, for it will affect not just European airlines but all those that fly into and out of the EU. Talk about this prospect soured the International Air Transport Associations annual meeting this week in Paris. But whatever happens in the E
40、U, the airlines look set to face vociferous demands that they should pay for their emissions.In. some ways, the airlines are an odd target for greens. They produce only around 3% of the worlds manmade carbon emissions. Surface transport, by contrast, produces 22%. Europe., merchant ships spew out ar
41、ound a third more carbon than aircrafts do, and nobody is going after them. And unlike cars -potent symbols of individualism -airlines are public transport, jamming in as many people as they can into each plane.Whats more, many air travelers cannot easily switch. Car drivers can hop on the train or
42、the bus, but transatlantic travelers cant row from London to New York. Nor can aircraft fuel be swapped for a green alternative. Car drivers can buy electro petrol hybrids but aircrafts are, for now, stuck with kerosene, because its energy density makes it the only practical fuel to carry around in
43、the air.Yet in other ways, airlines are a fine target. They pay no tax on fuel for international flights, and therefore escape the “polluter pays“ principle even more niftily than other forms of transport. Their emissions are especially damaging, too -partly because the nitrogen oxides from jet engi
44、ne exhausts help create ozone, a potent greenhouse gas, and partly because the pretty trails that aircrafts leave behind them help make the clouds that can intensify the greenhouse effect.Slowly, businessmen and politicians are coining to agree with scientists. If this generation does not tackle cli
45、mate change, its descendants will not think much of it. That means raising costs for all sources of pollution. Even those deceptively cheap weekend breaks cannot be exempt.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is tree according to the first two paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.Big ideas can be moved into the ma
46、instream by debate.B.Since Hurricane Katrina, the Bush administration has passed some laws.C.A1 Gore served as the 45th vice president of the United States.D.More Americans pay more attention to environment pollution.(2).The text suggests that the extension of ETS to airlines will affect（分数：2.00）A.t
47、he whole aircraft industry.B.European airlines.C.all those airlines that fly into and out of the EU.D.the cost of emissions.(3).It can be inferred from Para. 4 that（分数：2.00）A.the airlines are an odd target for greens.B.carbon produced by airlines accounts for 97% of the worlds man-made carbon emissi
48、ons.C.Europes merchant ships produce around 3.3% of the worlds man-made carbon emissions.D.surface transport spews out the maximum amount of carbon.(4).The author says that airlines are a good target because（分数：2.00）A.passengers rather than airlines pay tax on fuel for international flights.B.emissi
49、ons of airlines are especially damaging to our environment.C.the nitrogen oxides from jet engine exhausts help eliminate ozone.D.the trails that aircrafts leave behind them can draw much attention.(5).To which of the following is the author likely to agree?（分数：2.00）A.The costs of weekend breaks should be exempted.B.Descendants should be responsible for tackling greenhouse effect.C.All sources of pollution will be costly unless we manage climate change.D.All countries should make joint efforts to deal with climate change.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its often hard to see
