1、考研英语-943 及答案解析(总分：87.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The history of AfricanAmericans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated (1) an ongoing struggle against (2) and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle (3) as an upward movement is (4) towa
2、rd ever more justice and opportunity.Technology in and of (5) is not at fault; its much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics (6) been the enemy of an (7) group of people. A certain machine is put (8) work in a certain waythe purpose (9) which it was designed. Th
3、e people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to (10) a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply, (11) the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization (12) the Renaissance.Mastery of technology is second only (13) money as
4、the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by (14) this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have (15) it, blacks are allowing. (16) to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however,
5、 they will be (17) from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs (18) ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city.And blacks must
6、 change as well. The ways that (19) their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to loose their utility. If blacks (20) to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now.（分数：10.00）(1).A. like B. as C. for D. with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. char
7、ity B. clarity C. cohesion D. oppression（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. charting B. charts C. charted D. to chart（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. progressing B. progressed C. clutched D. clutching（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. itself B. themselves C. ourselves D. himself（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. have B. to have C. has D. to
8、has（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. entirely B. enter C. entire D. entrance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. for B. off C. on D. at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. for B. to C. with D. before（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. envelop B. accomplish C. enveloping D. accomplishing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. followed B. follows C. to follow D.
9、 following（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. since B. on C. in D. at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. before B. to C. with D. from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. to tolerate B. tolerate C. tolerated D. tolerating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. encountered B. encountering C. to encounter D. encounters（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. them B.
10、 us C. themselves D. ourselves（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. excluding B. included C. including D. excluded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. where B. that C. how D. what（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. servicing B. encircle C. encircling D. served（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. is B. were C. are D. have（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section
11、 Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The willingness of doctors at several major medical centers to apologize .to patients for harmful errors is a promising step toward improving the rather disappointing quality of a medical system that kills tens of thousands of
12、innocent patients a year inadvertently. For years, experts have lamented that medical malpractice litigation is an inefficient way to deter lethal or damaging medical errors. What they noticed, simply put it, is that most victims of malpractice never sue, and there is some evidence that many patient
13、s who do sue were not harmed by a physicians error but instead suffered an adverse medical outcome that could not have been prevented. The details of what went wrong are often kept secret as part of a settlement agreement. What is needed, many specialists agree, is a system that quickly brings an er
14、ror to light so that further errors can be headed off and that compensates victims promptly and fairly. Many doctors, unfortunately, have been afraid that admitting and describing their errors would only invite a costly lawsuit. Now, as described by Kevin Sack in The Times, a handful of prominent ac
15、ademic medical centers have adopted a new policy of promptly disclosing errors, offering earnest apologies and providing fair compensation. It appears to satisfy many patients, reduce legal costs and the litigation burden and, in some instances, helps reduce malpractice premiums. Here are some examp
16、les from colleges of the United States: at the University of Illinois, of 37 cases where the hospital acknowledged a preventable error and apologized, only one patient filed suit; at the University of Michigan Health System, existing claims and lawsuits dropped from 262 in August 2001 to 83 in Augus
17、t 2007, and legal costs fell by two-thirds. To encourage greater candor, more than 30 states have enacted laws making apologies for medical errors inadmissible in court. That sounds like a sensible step that should be adopted by other states or become federal law. Such laws could help bring more err
18、ors to light. Patients who have been harmed by negligent doctors can still sue for malpractice, using other evidence to make their case. Admitting errors is only the first step toward reforming the health care system so that far fewer mistakes are made. But reforms can be more effective if doctors a
19、re candid about how they went astray. Patients seem far less angry when they receive an. honest explanation, an apology and prompt, fair compensation for the harm they have suffered.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs? A. Doctors confession of mistakes
20、and apologies help to better medical care. B. Experts believe it an inefficient way for patients to sue for their livery. C. Mistreated patients never sue once suffer an unpreventable adverse medical outcome. D. The details of patients conditions are often kept secret.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).While many
21、 specialties call for a disclosure mechanism, some physicians are worrying about_. A. exposure to the media B. describing their mistakes in details C. compensating victims promptly and fairly D. involvement in an expensive civil case（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Paragraph 5, laws are enacted in
22、more than 30 states _. A. to be adopted by other states B. to become federal law C. to make apologies for medical misconducts D. to spark medical practitioners to confess more（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From the last paragraph, we can infer that Doctors should describe the way they made mistakes in order t
23、o_. A. admit malpractices first B. make less medical mistakes C. avoid lawsuits D. be forgiven（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards doctors hearty apologies may be summarized as_. A. skeptical B. indifferent C. supportive D. intolerable（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：6.00)A mysterious
24、 “black cloud“ approaches the earth - our planet s weather is severely affected.Throughout the rest of June and July temperatures rose steadily all over the Earth. In the British Isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the hundred mark. People complai
25、ned, but there was no serious disaster.The death number in the U. S. remained quite small, thanks largely to the air - conditioning units that had been fitted during previous years and months. Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to r
26、emain indoors for weeks on end. Occasionally air - conditioning units failed and it was then that fatalities occurred. Conditions were utterly desperate throughout the tropics as may be judged from the fact that 7943 species of plants and animals became totally extinct. The survival of man himself w
27、as only possible because of the caves and cellars he was able to dig. Nothing could be done to reduce the hot air temperature. More than seven hundred million persons are known to have lost their lives.Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea rose, not so fast as the air temperatu
28、re, it is true, but fast enough to produce a dangerous increase of humidity.It was indeed this increase that produced the disastrous conditions just remarked. Millions of people between the latitudes of Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosphere that grew damper and hotte
29、r from day to day. All human movements ceased. There was nothing to be done but to lie breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather.By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced between life and total death. Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over the whole globe. The tem
30、perature declined a little, due no doubt to the clouds reflecting more of the sun s radiation back into space, but conditions could not be said to have improved. Warm rain fell everywhere, even as favorable as Iceland. The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was
31、as favorable to them as it was unfavorable to man and many other animals.（分数：6.00）(1).In the British Isles the temperature _.A. stayed at eightyB. ranged from eighty to ninetyC. approached one hundredD. exceeded the hundred mark（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).Few people in the United States lost their lives be
32、cause _.A. the temperature was tolerableB. people remained indoors for weeksC. the government had taken effective measures to reduce the hot temperatureD. people were provided with the most comfortable air - conditioners（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).Millions of people in Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were
33、subjected to a choking atmosphere because _.A. the temperature grew extremely hotB. the temperature became damper and hotter as the humidity of the surface waters of the sea increasedC. their conditions were too dangerousD. nothing could be done with the hot temperature（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).By the fo
34、urth week of July conditions in the tropics were such that _.A. human survival would be impossibleB. more and more people would lose their livesC. fewer people could be savedD. survival or death was still undecided（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).The insect population increased due to _.A. the hot airB. the tro
35、pical climateC. the rain cloudsD. the damp atmosphere（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)If open-source software is supposed to be free, how does anyone selling it make any money? Its not that different from how other software companies make money.Youd think that a software company would make mo
36、st of its money from, well, selling software. But youd be wrong. For one thing, companies dont sell software, strictly speaking; they license it. The profit margin on a software license is nearly 100 percent, which is why Microsoft gushes billions of dollars every quarter.But whats the value of a li
37、cense to a customer? A license doesnt deliver the code, provide the utilities to get a piece of software running, or answer the phone when something inevitably goes wrong. The value of software, in short, doesnt lie in the software alone. The value is in making sure the soft ware does its job. Just
38、as a traveler should look at the overall price of a vacation package instead of obsessing over the price of the plane ticket or hotel room, a smart tech buyer wont focus on how much the license costs and ignore the support contract or the maintenance agreement.Open-source is not that different. If y
39、ou want the software to work, you have to pay to ensure it will work. The open-source companies have refined the software model by selling subscriptions. They roll together support and maintenance and charge an annual fee, which is a healthy model, though not quite as wonderful as Microsofts money-r
40、aking one. Tellingly, even Microsoft is casting an envious eye at aspects of the open-source business model. The company has been taking halting steps toward a similar subscription scheme for its software sales. Microsofts subscription program, known as Soft ware Assurance, provides maintenance and
41、support together with a software license. It lets you up grade to Microsofts next version of the software for a predictable sum. But it also contains an implicit threat: If you dont switch to Software Assurance now, who knows how much Microsoft will charge you when you decide to upgrade?Chief inform
42、ation officers hate this kind of “assurance“, since theyre often perfectly happy running older versions of software that are proven and stable. Microsoft, on the other hand, rakes in the software-licensing fees only when customers upgrade. Software Assurance is Microsofts attempt to get those same l
43、icensing fees but wrap them together with the service and support needed to keep systems running. Thats why Microsoft finds the open-source model so threatening: open-source companies have no vested interest in getting more licensing fees and dont have to pad their service contracts with that extra
44、cost. In the end, the main difference between open-source and proprietary software companies may be the size of the check you have to write.（分数：6.00）(1).The author used the example of a traveler (Para. 3) to show thatA. the value of software should be considered as a whole.B. tech buyers should care
45、 little about license.C. a license doesnt comprise support and maintenance.D. customers have to pay a lot to get a license.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following seems to be the overall attitude of Microsoft toward subscription plan?A. Eager. B. Doubtful.C. Confident. D. Hesitant.（分数：1.20）A.B.C
46、.D.(3).According to the passage MicrosoftA. operates a better sales system.B. uses open-source business model as a reference.C. forces tech buyers to upgrade the software. D. charges an annual fee for the service and support.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).“That extra cost“(Line 7, Para. 5) probably refers toA
47、. software-licensing fees.B. total cost of a software product.C. payment for service contracts.D. the charge for subscription.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is true about Microsoft?A. It disgusts many chief information officers.B. It has developed its own open-source software.C. Its new
48、 program requires its customers pay in advance.D. It envies open-source companies for their great profits.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It has been a wretched few weeks for Americas. celebrity bosses. AIGs Maurice Greenberg has been dramatically ousted from the firm through which he domin
49、ated global insurance for decades. At Morgan Stanley a mutiny is forcing Philip Purcell, a boss used to getting his own way, into an increasingly desperate campaign to save his skin. At Boeing, Harry Stonecipher was called out of retirement to lead the scandal-hit firm and raise ethical standards, only to commit a lapse of his own, being sacked for sending e-mails to a lover who was also an employee. Carly Fiorina was the most powerful woman in corporate America until a few weeks ago, when Hewlett-Packard (HP) sack
