1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 160及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_The numbers in the jobs report for February were bad
2、, but the trends were worse. More than half Of the 4.4 million jobs lost since December 2007, when the recession began, vanished in the last four months. 4“ The unemployment rate has also surged to 8. 1 percent last month from 7. 6 percent in Januaryand from 5. 0 percent when the recession began. Th
3、e ranks of the unemployed now total 12. 5 million people. It“s fortunate, then, that the nation“s first line of defense against rising joblessness unemployment insurance- was reinforced in the stimulus law that passed last month. The law increases unemployment benefits by $ 25 a week and allows stat
4、es to extend those benefits through the end of the year. It also provides $7 billion to the states to cover more than 500,000 workers often part-time, low-wage and femalewho are denied jobless benefits under outdated rules that apply in many states. Those states, of course, must reform their systems
5、 to specifically include those workers and to bring their programs more in line with federal guidelines. Congress and the Obama administration must also be prepared to do more as unemployment worsens as it inevitably will in this contracting economy. In 11th-hour wrangling last month, a provision wa
6、s struck from the stimulus bill that would have provided Medicaid coverage to unemployed workers who do not qualify or cannot afford to stay on their former employers“ group health insurance. The measure should be reintroduced and passed into law. Indeed, all job-related policies should acknowledge
7、that employment is unlikely to turn around anytime soon. That“s because the economy“s other headwindsthe housing bust and the stock-market wipeoutwill delay any labor market recovery. With both sales and prices for homes declining in most places, many people who might otherwise move to take a new jo
8、b are compelled to stay put, especially if a sale would not bring in enough money to pay off the mortgage. With stocks tanking, many workers are likely to postpone retirement, impairing upward mobility for other workers and crowding out new entrants to the work force. That means that in addition to
9、providing relief for today“s unemployed, greater emphasis must be placed on job training and retraining and on better education at all levels. If a job slump is short and shallow, old jobs come back. If it is long and deep, like the current one, some old jobs never return and even some industries ne
10、ver revive. That makes it imperative to prepare as a nation for the prospect of a vastly different future.（分数：10.00）(1).The trends were worse, as is evidenced by the fact that _.（分数：2.00）A.unemployment insurance was reinforced in the stimulus lawB.as many as 12. 5 million people in America are unemp
11、loyedC.the unemployment rate kept increasing since recession beganD.more than 2. 2 million jobs disappeared in the last four months(2).Under the stimulus law passed recently, _.（分数：2.00）A.the weekly benefit for each unemployed worker reaches $ 25B.even part-time workers are entitled to unemployment
12、benefitsC.more than half a million workers are included in the insuranceD.the state insurance programs are in line with federal guidelines(3).The Obama administration is expected to _.（分数：2.00）A.improve unemployed insuranceB.deter the economy from worseningC.introduce an effective stimulus billD.pro
13、tect people from losing their jobs(4).It is implied in the text that_ facilitates the labor market recovery.（分数：2.00）A.the impairment of upward mobilityB.the early retirement of more workersC.the timely setup of job-related policiesD.the thriving sales and prices for homes(5).Greater emphasis must b
14、e placed on job training and retraining since_.（分数：2.00）A.providing relief for unemployed is far from adequateB.today“s unemployed should be prepared for new jobsC.the current recession is unexpectedly long and deepD.the economic prospect of our nation is still obscureMom was right stand up straight
15、, brush your hair and quit running around. Those rules may have seemed annoying, but it turns out they make all the difference in the way people perceive you. Actions don“t just speak louder than wordsthey can completely drown them out. And slouching or moving too fast through the office can make yo
16、u look like an underling, according to body language experts. There“s much more that your body can convey. In fact, 55% of what you communicate is said through your body language and facial expression, according to one study. Knowing how to send the right message can help you succeed in work and in
17、love. To be seen as powerful and confident on the job, the rules are clear: Always stand up straight and offer a solid handshake. Also, walk fast hut not too fast. Slow walkers appear to be less ambitious, while those who walk too speedily arc clearly subordinates, says Kevin Hogan, author of The Se
18、cret Language of Business. Those who walk with efficiency look like leaders. Both sexes can soften up a little when they leave the workplace. In an amorous setting, men can round their posture and should bend a little, so that their eyes meet their dates“ at the same level. Eye contact is key to sho
19、wing another person that you“re listening, but there is a right way and a wrong way to do it. Train your eyes on the other person“s “golden triangle“, the area between the eyes and the tip of the nose. But avoid staring directly into someone“s pupilsit can come off as creepy. In both business and pl
20、easure, first impressions are crucial. For a first meeting, the best way to get on a person“s good side is to literally stand on their right-hand side. “If a guy comes up and talks to a girl on her left side, he“s already lost the battle,“ says Hogan. Because of the way the brain works, over 90% of
21、the population those who are right handedview people who stand on their right more favorably than those who stand on their left. A great way to build up another person“s comfort is to mimic his or her movements. If your date takes a sip of wine, do the same several seconds later. If your boss crosse
22、s her legs, cross yours too. Mirroring is something “we instinctively do when we are attracted; we just don“t notice,“ says Gregory Hartley, author of Get People to Do What You Want. But whether we“re doing it unconsciously or on purpose, it will have the same effect.（分数：10.00）(1).The author believe
23、s that when one communicates with others, actions_.（分数：2.00）A.don“t speak louder than wordsB.are more important than wordsC.can substitute words completelyD.are no less impressive than words(2).One“s confidence can be perceived by_.（分数：2.00）A.secret language of businessB.whether he works effectively
24、C.his nonverbal communicationD.what he says and what he does(3).It seems that eye contact is（分数：2.00）A.a very tricky art for us to masterB.an often overlooked skill to haveC.considered impolite or aggressiveD.usually assumed to indicate honesty(4).When it comes to making the first impression, _.（分数：
25、2.00）A.courteous behavior helps enormouslyB.a positive attitude is utmost importantC.maintain an upbeat manner and a smileD.express your individuality appropriately(5).According to the text, appropriate body language _.（分数：2.00）A.manifests itself in mimicking your dateB.promises the success in work
26、and in loveC.helps you feel more strong and confidentD.helps create a good first impression of youBy the time most people realized that whales were not oversize fish but warm-blooded mammals with large brains, sophisticated social structures and an elaborate language of squeals, clicks and low moans
27、, it was nearly too late. The orgy of unrestrained whale hunting, which began in the 1600s and became industrialized in the 19th century, had already sent many species into serious decline. Environmental groups, fearing that the whales would become extinct, lobbied hard to bring the hunting and kill
28、ing to a halt. In 1986 they came very close: the International Whaling Commission(IWC)voted to prohibit whaling, allowing it only for scientific purposes or, in a handful of cases, such as among native peoples in Alaska and Greenland, to preserve ancient food-gathering practices. But the treaty has
29、proved all too easy to get around. Japan, Iceland and Norway, in particular, have slaughtered tens of thousands of whales in the past 20 years. The first two countries claim they are doing it for science, although much of the meat they take ends up on dinner tables. Norway doesn “ t even bother pret
30、ending. It openly flouts the IWC“s rules. Now Japan has tipped the ante: at the annual meeting of the IWC last week in the Caribbean nation of St. Kilts and Nevis, the Japanese pushed through a resolution calling for a repeal of the whaling moratorium, declaring it “no longer necessary“. Fortunately
31、 for the whales, the resolution isn“t binding. The vote was 33 to 32 in favor, but it would have taken a 75% majority to overturn the ban. For whaling opponents, however, the vote was an ominous sign of Japan“s power over the IWCand of its willingness to use strong-arm tactics and not-so-subtle brib
32、ery to get its way. Japan has reportedly showered more than $ 100 million in aid in recent years on island nations that it has persuaded to back its pro-whaling positions. And though Japan“s allies don“t have the votes to overturn the whaling ban, it takes only a simple majority to make other change
33、s to take future votes on secret ballots, for example, so that nations can“t be held accountable for their positions, or to exclude antiwhaling groups from IWC meetings. Indeed, Japan last week sparred once again with Greenpeace the organization that agitated hardest for the original banuntil Japan
34、was pressured to back off.（分数：10.00）(1).The author intends primarily to tell readers in the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.unrestricted whaling will inevitably result in whales“ extinctionB.there has been some achievement in the protection of whalesC.the whales would become extinct in the foresee
35、able futureD.whales are warm-blooded mammals worth strict protecting(2).The International Whaling Commission_.（分数：2.00）A.is dedicated to the protection of ever-decreasing whalesB.allows scientists to slaughter whales for their researchC.is not powerful enough to prohibit unrestricted whalingD.tries
36、its best to prohibit the hunting and killing of whales(3).The resolution pushed through by the Japanese isn“t binding because_.（分数：2.00）A.it exploits illegal tactics to accomplish its aimB.only a few nations back its pro-whaling positionC.its not-so-subtle bribery tactics has been revealedD.more vot
37、es are needed to overturn the whaling ban(4).It is implied that _.（分数：2.00）A.future votes will he taken on secret ballotsB.Greenpeace strongly supports the whaling banC.nations openly taking pro-whaling position are fewD.both Alaska and Greenland are against the whaling ban(5).The text is mainly abo
38、ut _.（分数：2.00）A.revenge of the whale huntersB.the protection of declining whalesC.Japan“s powerful command of the IWCD.the tactics used to overturn the whaling banLet“s say a patient walks into my office and says he“s been feeling down for the past three weeks. A month ago, his fiancee left him for
39、another man, and he feels there“s no point in going on. He has not been sleeping well, his appetite is poor and he has lost interest in nearly all of his usual activities. Should I give him a diagnosis of clinical depression? Or is my patient merely experiencing what the 14th-century monk Thomas a K
40、empis called “the proper sorrows of the soul“? The answer is more complicated than some critics of psychiatric diagnosis think. To these critics, psychiatry has medicalized normal sadness by failing to consider the social and emotional context in which people develop low mood for example, after losi
41、ng a job or experiencing the breakup of an important relationship. This diagnostic failure, the argument goes, has created a bogus epidemic of increasing depression. In their recent book “ The Loss of Sadness“(Oxford, 2007), Allan V. Horwitz and Jerome C. Wakefield assert that for thousands of years
42、, symptoms of sadness that were “with cause“ were separated from those that were “without cause“. Only the latter were viewed as mental disorders. With the advent of modern diagnostic criteria, these authors argue, doctors were directed to ignore the context of the patient “ s complaints and .focus
43、only on symptomspoor appetite, insomnia, low energy, hopelessness and so on. The current criteria for major depression, they say, largely fail to distinguish between “abnormal“ reactions caused by “internal dysfunction“ and “normal sadness“ brought on by external circumstances. And they blame vested
44、 interests doctors, researchers, pharmaceutical companies for fostering this bloated concept of depression. Yes, most psychiatrists would concede that in the space of a brief “managed care“ appointment, it“ s very hard to understand much about the context of the patient“s depressive complaints. And
45、yes, under such conditions, some doctors are tempted to write that prescription for Prozac or Zoloft and move on to the next patient. But the vexing issue of when bereavement or sadness becomes a disorder, and how it should be treated, requires much more study. Most psychiatrists believe that undert
46、reatment of severe depression is a more pressing problem than overtreatment of “normal sadness“. Until solid research persuades me otherwise, I will most likely see people like my jilted patient as clinically depressed, not just “normally sad“and I will provide him with whatever psychiatric treatmen
47、t he needs to feel better.（分数：10.00）(1).If a person feels there“s no point in going on, he most probably _.（分数：2.00）A.fails to sleep and eat wellB.experiences normal sadnessC.loses interests in all activitiesD.suffers from clinical depression(2).By saying “a bogus epidemic“, the author means _.（分数：2
48、.00）A.a universal phenomenonB.a prevalent chronic diseaseC.a false widespread outbreakD.a rapid transmission of disease(3).The authors of the book “ The Loss of Sadness “ assert that the present criteria for major depression _.（分数：2.00）A.can“t clearly tell mental disorders from normal sadnessB.encou
49、rage people to redefine the concept of depressionC.focus on symptoms of sadness without apparent causesD.disregard the environmental context of depressed people(4).The author is inclined to _.（分数：2.00）A.prescribe for his patients as quickly as possibleB.give insufficient treatment to severe depressionC.ignore the conte
