1、中国社会科学院考博英语-2 及答案解析(总分：72.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：15，分数：13.00)1.The Taganka production Poslushaite (“Listen“), culled from statements and works of Vladimir Mayakovsky, proved to be a singular exception.（分数：1.00）A.rejectedB.descendedC.confirmedD.selected2.A meage
2、r diet may give you health and long life, but it is not much funand it might not even be necessary.（分数：1.00）A.scantyB.lavishC.balancedD.nutrient3.There were not personal goals, no desire to get ahead or to leave something behind. There were only God“s decrees to be faithfully carried out.（分数：1.00）A.
3、ordersB.petitionsC.prophetsD.queries4.Nothing is less sensible than the advice of the Duke of Cambridge who is to be reported to have said: “Any change, at any time, for any reason is to be deplored .“（分数：1.00）A.emulatedB.ridiculedC.complicatedD.lamented5.Although some schools are postponing new pro
4、jects because of the faltering economy, others are forging ahead with plans to emulate freshman programs that have long existed at some of the nation“s oldest colleges.（分数：1.00）A.surpassB.imitateC.scrambleD.expand6.In many simple organisms, including bacteria and various protests, the life cycle is
5、completed within a single generation: an organism begins with the fission of an existing individual; the new organism grows to maturity; and it then splits into two new individuals, thus completing the cycle.（分数：1.00）A.splitB.fusionC.explosionD.modification7.Helen could not help feeling antipathy to
6、ward her father“s new wife whom he married just two months after the death of Helen“s mother.（分数：0.50）A.sympathyB.concessionC.compassionD.hostility8.In fact, a number of recent developments suggest that new media may actually be the salvation of old media; that online newspapers, Webzines, and e-boo
7、ks could preserve and extend the best aspects of the print culture while augmenting it with their various technological advantages.（分数：1.00）A.limitingB.maintainingC.distinguishingD.increasing9.On any corner, sane men, fanatics and demagogues could secure audiences to listen to their oratory, in whic
8、h they adjured their hearers to rise in their might and drive the invader from their sacred soil.（分数：1.00）A.abjuredB.appealedC.repudiatedD.refuted10.Kelly fought depression, her sister struggled against violent tendencies, and their only physical touches they“d ever known from their parents were abu
9、sive .（分数：1.00）A.cordialB.fastidiousC.sadisticD.absurd11.It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations.（分数：1.00）A.deductedB.assumedC.decreedD.challenged12.His talent for music remained latent until his wife bought him guitar.（分数：0.50）A.hiddenB.sophisticatedC.delicat
10、eD.profound13.The judge remained sober despite the lawyer“s ludicrous attempt to prove the defendant“s innocence.（分数：0.50）A.sadB.sorryC.seriousD.surprised14.In the early 20th century, at the advent of the telephone, it was considered a superfluous instrument which would never be of practical use in
11、the average household.（分数：0.50）A.appearanceB.popularityC.dominanceD.consolidation15.War is the social cancer of mankind. It is a pernicious form of ignorance, for it destroys not only its “enemies“, but also the whole superstructure of what it is a partand thus eventually it defeats itself.（分数：1.00）
12、A.banefulB.optimalC.paradoxicalD.perilous三、Section B(总题数：15，分数：14.00)16.To many people, a husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family - they need children to enrich the circle, to _ family character and to gather the redemptive influence of offspring.（分数：1.00）A.repressB.intimidateC.validateD.
13、confine17.In theory, millions of people suffering devastating diseases may one day be helped or even cured with treatments derived from human embryonic stem cells, but human embryos must be destroyed to obtain these stem cells. So research involving them is _ in controversy, with each side arguing p
14、assionately for the rights of the sick or the rights of the unborn.（分数：1.00）A.refutedB.modifiedC.marredD.mired18.It is developing a service that will let you create all online identity that can _ various claims that it will back up.（分数：1.00）A.plungeB.assertC.exertD.insert19.This is a market in which
15、 enterprising businesses _ for the demands of teenagers and older youths in all their rock mania and pop-art forms.（分数：1.00）A.caterB.entitleC.appealD.subject20.Brushing removes larger particles, but dentists suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food residues and bacteria _.（分数：1.00
16、A.flourishB.collaborateC.embarkD.congregate21.Balancing the budget or reforming welfare has individual winners and losers. But when no trade association or advocacy coalition stands to win or lose, beliefs about what“s best have a better chance to _.（分数：1.00）A.skipB.precedeC.conspireD.prevail22.So
17、the most _ scientist alive at that time who symbolized the height of human intellect adopted what became his last message-this manifesto, which implored govemments and the public not to allow our civilization to be destroyed by human folly.（分数：1.00）A.fastidiousB.eminentC.anonymousD.waggish23.Many sk
18、iers _ around the fire and drink hot chocolate in the evenings.（分数：0.50）A.padB.packC.squeezeD.cluster24.These large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even _ forest fires.（分数：1.00）A.sproutB.accelerateC.ig
19、niteD.foster25._ was given by the committee to all of those who donated money.（分数：0.50）A.RecognitionB.AttentionC.TributeD.Acknowledgement26.A number of researchers have written about a “hidden curriculum“ in schools, defined as the subtle influences on students that reinforce sexist and racist messa
20、ges. The hidden curriculum minimizes and _ the contributions women have made.（分数：1.00）A.eulogizesB.malignsC.maximizesD.compliments27.As we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by arousing our emotions or _, our attention from the real issues at hand.（分数：1.00）A.retainingB.sustainingC.distractingD.o
21、bscuring28.War, chiefly the Civil War, in U. S. history has been a vital force in the rise of industrial capitalism, in the change of America from a dominantly agrarian and _ country to one chiefly manufacturing in nature.（分数：1.00）A.cosmopolitanB.predatoryC.pastoralD.proletarian29.In North Dakota, w
22、hich had barely an inch of rain in four months, there was no grass for cattle. Farmers tramped their dusty fields, watching their dwarfed stand of grain shrivel and _.（分数：1.00）A.surviveB.wailC.perishD.swell30.The charitable acts of their boss used to be greatly praised by the people. However, ruthle
23、ss company downsizing drives and continued layoffs, coupled with rising pay for top managers, have made him look a good deal less _（分数：1.00）A.discourteousB.prudentC.benevolentD.obstinate四、Part Grammar(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Section A(总题数：8，分数：8.00)31.There was (a pause of) complete stillness (which) the (b
24、uzzing) of the bees among the pink roses sounded (as loud as) the fight of an aircraft.（分数：1.00）A.a pause ofB.whichC.buzzingD.as loud as32.On the other hand, _ very deep pockets, the administration would not be concerned in the least about the cost of their lawyers. If fully _, the corporate lawyers
25、 could file enough motions, take enough depositions, and pursue every possible appeal, to the point that you, quite literally, could litigate yourself into bankruptcy.（分数：1.00）A.having/unleashedB.had/unleashedC.having/unleashingD.had/unleashing33.While we need to show young women how to protect them
26、selves, these findings also demonstrate strongly that we need to help young men reject a culture that tells them relationships are based on showing power _ others and that, as males, they need to prove their masculinity, _ exercising this type of power.（分数：1.00）A.against/forB.on/withC.to/inD.over/by
27、34.In another institute study, 35% of U. S. employees said they had health care responsibilities during the last year. It can be episodic, unpredictable and very _.（分数：1.00）A.stressingB.stressedC.stressfulD.stress35.The police had decided not to proceed with a prosecution against Irwin, _ that it wa
28、s highly unlikely that any jury in the land would wish to punish him for doing this mercy killing.（分数：1.00）A.since they had clearly recognizedB.clearly recognizingC.clearly being recognizedD.clearly having recognized36.Over and over in War of the Worlds, he evokes the sensation, more familiar from d
29、reams than movies,_ an otherworldly entity, glimpsed from a great distance, _ suddenly, violently clawing its way into your personal space.（分数：1.00）A.that, isB.is, whichC.that, beingD.which, being37.(A favorite story) among (acoustic) experts (concerns with) a noisy Long Island suburb where, every d
30、ay and night, huge trucks (rumbled down) a freeway.（分数：1.00）A.A favorite storyB.acousticC.concerns withD.rumbled down38.In addition to curricula, programs, and comprehensive support services, schools _ sexist bias, harassment, and violence, so a number of school districts and states are currently ad
31、opting sexual harassment policies.（分数：1.00）A.have to make a final stand forB.must make an unequivocal stand againstC.have to adopt a firm stand toD.must keep an unambiguous stand over六、Section B(总题数：7，分数：7.00)39.And while we _ have a great deal of trouble adjusting to a climate that gets 2 degrees c
32、entigrade warmer over the next century, an ice age by mid-century-be unimaginably devastating.（分数：1.00）A.might, couldB.could, mightC.would, mightD.might, would40.Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before it“s served so much to connect di
33、fferent peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.（分数：1.00）A.by whichB.it“s servedC.peoples and nationsD.as41.The work confirms hints that had already been emerging in the scientific literature in years that p53 and related proteins might play an important role in life, but the new paper
34、 is far more detailed -and, scientists say, more compelling- that anything published previously .（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.42._ in the United States（分数：1.00）A.Three out of every four automobile owners also own a bicycleB.Out of every four, three automobile owners also owns a bicycleC.Three out of every four
35、automobile owners owns bicyclesD.Out of every four owners of automobiles bicycles are also owned by three43.In the same way, children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taughtto walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicyclecompare their own performances with that of more
36、skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes .（分数：1.00）A.they learn to doB.with thatC.more skilledD.the needed changes44.Human-centered, or anthropocentric, views favor an instrumental view of the natural world and value it only as a means to human ends . Such views place great value and trust
37、 in science and technology, believing that the powers of control over nature conferred by them are non-problematical and that ongoing technical development will be crucial to ensure a world bereft of poverty, drudgery and disease etc.（分数：1.00）A.favor an instrumentalB.a means to human endsC.conferred
38、 by themD.will be crucial to ensure45.After 1945 both America scholarship and a resurgence of Marxist thought increasingly penetrated European sociology, which expanded considerably. To a growing extent in both the United States and Western Europe, the three dominating figures of Marx, Durkheim, and
39、 Weber was recognized as the preeminent classical thinkers of the sociological tradition. Their work continued to influence contemporary sociologists.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：7.50)I have observed that the Americans show a less decided taste for gener
40、al ideas than the French. This is especially true in politics. Although the Americans infuse into their legislation far more general ideas than the English, and although they strive more than the latter to adjust the practice of affairs to theory, no political bodies in the United States have ever s
41、hown so much love for general ideas as the Constituent Assembly and the Convention in France. At no time has the American people laid hold on ideas of this kind with the passionate energy of the French people in the eighteenth century, or displayed the same blind confidence in the value and absolute
42、 truth of any theory. This difference between the Americans and the French originates in several causes, but principally in the following one. The Americans are a democratic people who have always directed public affairs themselves. The French are a democratic people who for a long time could only s
43、peculate on the best manner of conducting them. The social condition of the French led them to conceive very general ideas on the subject of government, while their political constitution prevented them from correcting those ideas by experiment and from gradually detecting their insufficiency; where
44、as in America the two things constantly balance and correct each other. It may seem at first sight that this is very much opposed to what I have said before, that democratic nations derive their love of theory from the very excitement of their active life. A more attentive-examination will show that
45、 there is nothing contradictory in the proposition. Men living in democratic countries eagerly lay hold of general ideas because they have but little leisure and because these ideas spare them the trouble of studying particulars. This is true, but it is only to be understood of those matters which a
46、re not the necessary and habitual subjects of their thoughts. Mercantile men will take up very eagerly, and without any close scrutiny, all the general ideas on philosophy, politics, science, or the arts which may be presented to them; but for such as relate to commerce, they will not receive them w
47、ithout inquiry or adopt them without reserve. The same thing applies to statesman with regard to general ideas in politics. If, then, there is a subject upon which a democratic people is peculiarly liable to abandon itself, blindly and extravagantly, to general ideas, the best corrective that can be
48、 used will be to make that subject a part of their daily practical occupation. They will then be compelled to enter into details, and the details will teach them the weak points of the theory. This remedy may frequently be a painful one, but its effect is certain. Thus it happens that the democratic
49、 institutions which compel every citizen to take a practical part in the government moderate that excessive taste for general theories in polities which the principle of equality suggests. Comprehension questions（分数：7.50）(1).According to the writer, what kinds of ideas have been favored by the French people?（分数：1.50）A.Political ideas that can be adjusted to the practice of governmentB.Concrete ideas that they believe to be truthfulC.General idea
