1、在职攻读硕士联考英语-35 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The family is a social institution. The importance of the family in an individual“s life usually depends on the size of the society. In small, primitive (原始的，早期的) societies, the family is the d
2、ominant social institution in an individual“s life. In larger, more complex societies, other social institutions are created to meet the needs of an individual. There are two basic family structures. The first structure is the extended family. The extended family includes all of an individual“s bloo
3、d relatives, including spouse, children, parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents, cousins, and aunts and uncles. The nuclear family is limited to the basic family nucleus: father, mother, and children. The extended family structure tends to exist in agricultural societies. In such societies fami
4、ly ties serve as a strong source of cultural and societal interaction. The nuclear family structure tends to exist in industrialized societies. In industrial societies, other social institutions (such as religion, education, and government) act as the primary sources of cultural and societal interac
5、tion.（分数：20.00）(1).Based on the information in the passage, it can be inferred that the extended family is most likely to be found in agricultural societies because _.（分数：4.00）A.agricultural societies are larger than industrial societiesB.agricultural societies have fewer social institutionsC.agricu
6、ltural societies are stronger than industrial societiesD.extended families are less complex than nuclear families(2).Based on the information in the passage, all of the following can be concluded about extended and nuclear family structures EXCEPT that _.（分数：4.00）A.the nuclear family generally is sm
7、aller than the extended familyB.the family is more important in primitive societies than in industrialized societiesC.the extended family structure can not survive in an industrial societyD.the nuclear family generally is not as strong a source of cultural and societal interaction as the extended fa
8、mily(3).The author implies that the development of social institutions other than the family in a society would probably lead to _.（分数：4.00）A.the end of the family as a social institutionB.the rise of industrializationC.the rise in importance of the extended familyD.the decrease in the need for the
9、extended family(4).Which of the following best illustrates the idea of the extended family?（分数：4.00）A.A son travels from New York to Chicago to visit his parents.B.A father and his children go to church.C.A man and woman marry and move away from their parents.D.A young girl learns how to read from h
10、er grandmother.(5).As it is used in the second paragraph of the passage, the word “spouse“ means _.（分数：4.00）A.a husband or wifeB.a waiter or waitressC.a bridegroom or brideD.a doctor or nurse三、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The economy of the United States after 1952 was the economy of a well-fed, almos
11、t fully employed people. Despite occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. An economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950“s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was valued at 10
12、 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War . The country“s business spent about 30 billion dollars for new factories and machinery. Nationa
13、l income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day, or about twenty-five million dollars every hour, all around the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more t
14、han two million wanted jobs but could not find them. Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the boom. To some observers this was an ominous (不祥的，恶兆的) echo of the mid-1920“s. As farmers“ share of their products declined, marketing costs rose. But there were, among the observers of the
15、 national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority. Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last long and would eventually lead to the opposite-depression.（分数：20.00）(1).What is the best title of the passage?（分数：4.00）A.The Federal Budget of 1952.B.S. Economy in the 1950“s.C.T
16、he Unemployment Rate of the 1950“s.D.The Agricultural Trends of the 1950“s.(2).In the second sentence, the word “boom“ could best be replaced by _.（分数：4.00）A.rapid economic growthB.general public supportC.thunderous noiseD.nearby explosion(3).It can be inferred from the passage that most people in t
17、he United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _.（分数：4.00）A.suspicionB.disappointmentC.confusionD.confidence(4).Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950“s?（分数：4.00）A.Steelworkers.B.Politicians.C.Farmers.D.Economists.(5).The passage states
18、 that income available for spending in the U. S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 by _.（分数：4.00）A.90%B.33%C.50%D.60%四、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：20.00)“Block patrol (巡逻，巡逻队),“ “community watch“ “civilian patrol. “ They may have different names in different cities across the country but they all are civi
19、lian volunteer groups that help police department in major metropolitan (大城市的) areas. In the volunteer groups, men and women are trained by local police to watch for potential trouble in their neighborhood. Spotting a suspicious looking vehicle or person can help police to fight crime in the neighbo
20、rhood. Aside from keeping an eye on the neighborhood, volunteers often perform other duties. Civilian volunteers may work at parades or other types of gatherings, freeing the police to do their main jobcatching criminals. Volunteers in some cities also conduct surveys to make people aware of ways th
21、at they can protect themselves from being crime victims. Some volunteers help people to engrave identification numbers on their personal property. Such a number would make the retrieval (追回) of a stolen item easier. Other volunteers watch children who may need help going to and from school. If you a
22、re interested in becoming a part of the volunteer group in your area, contact your local police department.（分数：20.00）(1).The author is primarily concerned with _.（分数：4.00）A.the different duties of police officersB.crime in major metropolitan areasC.civilian volunteer groups that help the policeD.how
23、 volunteer groups started(2).The author mentions all of the following as duties of civilian volunteers EXCEPT _.（分数：4.00）A.reporting unusual vehiclesB.engraving valuables with identifying marksC.helping children on their way to schoolD.shopping for the elderly and handicapped(3).The author would pro
24、bably consider civilian volunteer groups to be _.（分数：4.00）A.helpful to the police department and an asset to the communityB.less important than other types of volunteer workersC.taken advantage of because they do not get paidD.overworked because of their heavy burdens(4).As it is used in the third p
25、aragraph of the passage the word “engrave“ means _.（分数：4.00）A.cut or carve (words, designs, etc. ) on (a hard surface)B.occupy all the time or attention of (somebody)C.print (a design, the date, lettering, etc. ) on paper, cloth or some other surfaceD.make letters, pictures, etc. on paper by pressin
26、g an inked surface against it(5).Which of the following would be the most appropriate word for the author“s attitude towards the civilian volunteer groups and their duties?（分数：4.00）A.Criticism.B.Praise.C.Sympathy.D.Indifference.五、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：20.00)It is often claimed that nuclear energy is
27、 something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap
28、energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents
29、 is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the antinuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more
30、 primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties. Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example,
31、 been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium (铀) in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue nuclear energy wastes valua
32、ble resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against unclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding. Such an expansion assumes
33、a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.（分数：20.00）(1).The
34、writer“s attitude toward nuclear energy is _.（分数：4.00）A.indifferentB.favorableC.tolerantD.negative(2).According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is true of nuclear energy?（分数：4.00）A.Primitive.B.Exhaustible.C.Cheap.D.Unsafe.(3).Some people claim that nuclear energy is essent
35、ial because _.（分数：4.00）A.it provides a perfect solution to mass unemploymentB.it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolutionC.it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing societyD.nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and adm
36、inistrative staff(4).Which of the following statements does the writer support?（分数：4.00）A.The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.B.Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.C.Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons.D.Greater safe
37、ty provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programmes.(5).The function of the last sentence is to _.（分数：4.00）A.advance the final argumentB.reflect the writer“s attitudeC.reverse previously expressed thoughtsD.show the disadvantages of nuclear power六、Passage Five(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The
38、 most fundamental group to which a person belongs is the family. The institution of the family exists in almost every human culture. It is considered by behavioral scientists to be one of the oldest institutions in human history. The family unit serves many important functions. The performance of th
39、ese functions is the reason for the family“s importance. Above all, the family serves as a mechanism of species survival. Families also have important economic functions. In primitive societies, the tasks of gathering food and providing shelter were divided among family members. Today, both husband
40、and wife may work and share the duties of homemaking and child rearing. In addition to its survival and economic functions, the family gives its members social status. In many societies, a person is not considered a complete member until he has married and produced children. Finally, the family help
41、s to meet the basic emotional needs of a person through the love and support received from parents, siblings (兄弟或姐妹), and relatives.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?（分数：4.00）A.The family has changed greatly over time.B.Many of the functions of the family
42、today are being performed by government agencies.C.The most important role for the family is to gather food.D.The family has served many useful functions throughout history.(2).According to the passage, which of the following is an example of the role of the family in giving status?（分数：4.00）A.A chil
43、d is taught to respect his elders.B.A couple works for several years to save for the purchase of a home.C.A politician makes a campaign commercial with his family.D.A mother comforts a child after he skins his knee.(3).It can be concluded from the passage that the family is _.（分数：4.00）A.undergoing m
44、any changesB.the only useful social institutionC.likely to exist in future societiesD.not the same today as it was in the past(4).As it is used in the second paragraph of the passage, the word “mechanism“ means _.（分数：4.00）A.parts of an organism or system which work togetherB.racial group united by l
45、anguage, religion, customs, etc.C.the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a wholeD.a worker skilled in using or repairing machines or tools(5).Based on the information in the passage, you can infer that the passage is _.（分数：4.00）A.about the family“s mechanism of species su
46、rvivalB.about the social, economic, and emotional usefulness of the family throughout human his-toryC.about duties of the family shared by both husband and wifeD.about the emotional needs received from parents, siblings, and relations在职攻读硕士联考英语-35 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数
47、0，分数：0.00)二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The family is a social institution. The importance of the family in an individual“s life usually depends on the size of the society. In small, primitive (原始的，早期的) societies, the family is the dominant social institution in an individual“s life. In larger, more
48、 complex societies, other social institutions are created to meet the needs of an individual. There are two basic family structures. The first structure is the extended family. The extended family includes all of an individual“s blood relatives, including spouse, children, parents, brothers and sist
49、ers, grandparents, cousins, and aunts and uncles. The nuclear family is limited to the basic family nucleus: father, mother, and children. The extended family structure tends to exist in agricultural societies. In such societies family ties serve as a strong source of cultural and societal interaction. The nuclear family structure tends to exist in industrialized societies. In industrial societies, other social institutions (such as religion, education, and government) act as the primary sources of cultural
