1、托福真题 2012 年 6 月 17 日及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Question 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Which challenge do you think is the most difficult for university students: being far away from their families, finding time to relax, or making new friends? Please include specific details in your explanation.（分数：20.00）_二、
2、Question 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Do you agree or disagree that a person should study in the university to be successful? Please include specific details in your explanation.（分数：20.00）_三、Question 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3.A Proposal of Banning Cycling in the Student CenterRecently, while strolling through the st
3、udent center mall, I was struck and slightly injured by a bicycle rider. The center is a place for foot traffic, not bicyclists! I strongly urge the university administration to immediately forbid bike riding in this area. The number of pedestrians, the relatively narrow nature of the paths, and the
4、 speed of most bikers make a serious accident inevitable. Let me remind the university: they, along with the cyclists, are legally responsible for any injuries suffered by foot traffic. Alittle caution and common sense now can save the university hundreds of thousands of dollars. Additional staff mu
5、st be hired to enforce this rule strictly and impartially.Question: The man expresses his opinion of the proposal to ban cycling in the student center. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.Now hear a conversation between two students.（分数：20.00）_四、Question 4(总题数
6、：1，分数：20.00)4.Insight learningInsight learning is often treated as a mode of learning distinct from either trial-and- error problem solving or applying theory to specific cases. It is sometimes described as an “epiphany“, a “eureka experience.“ Three factors are typical of insight learning: a series
7、 of problem-solving attempts has ended in failure; existing theory offers no new avenues for a solution, which means an impasse has been reached; a novel solution to the problem suddenly emerges. Often the solution has immense theoretical importance, amounting to what T.S. Kuhn calls “scientific rev
8、olutions.“Question: Using the information from the lecture, explain how the experiment of a chimpanzee reaching its food relates to insight learning as discussed in the reading passage.Now hear a talk on the same subject.（分数：20.00）_五、Question 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)5.Question: The speaking discusses two p
9、ossible solutions to the mans problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.（分数：20.00）_六、Question 6(总题数：1，分数：20.00)6.Question: Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two methods archaeologists use to define the loc
10、ation where they should dig for findings.（分数：20.00）_托福真题 2012 年 6 月 17 日答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Question 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Which challenge do you think is the most difficult for university students: being far away from their families, finding time to relax, or making new friends? Please include
11、 specific details in your explanation.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Topic: I think the most challenging part of all is being away from their families.Reason 1: Firstly, when students arrive at school, they are free from their free from their parents for the first time in their life. Often, this leads to them hav
12、ing too much fun and not studying hard enough.Reason 2: Further, being far away from home means that students have to pay for their own meals, make their own schedules, take the right classes, and make the right friends. Without the help of their families, these things can sometimes be difficult.Alt
13、ernative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)away fromseparated from(b)free from ones parentsout from under ones parents thumb(c)scheduletimetable(d)difficultburdensome, onerousParaphrases 1. This too often results in too much partying and too little studying.2. Such new responsibilities can be a burden if one
14、 is deprived of family support and counsel.)解析：二、Question 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Do you agree or disagree that a person should study in the university to be successful? Please include specific details in your explanation.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Topic: I believe it is more difficult to become successful without
15、 a college background.Reason 1: My first reason is that when we elect not to attend college, we turn down a wonderful opportunity to expand our horizons and learn special skills for a career.Reason 2: Another reason for getting a college education is that the job market is very competitive. Going to
16、 university better prepares us for the job world, and also gives us something to put on our resume that will help us in that fierce competition for job positions.)解析：Alternative Wording (替换表达)Synonyms (a)turn downdecline (b)expandbroaden(c)resumecurriculum vitae (CV) (d)fiercecutthroatParaphrases 1.
17、 Lack of a college degree is a serious handicap when launching ones career.2. The number of applicants/candidates outstrips the number of job vacancies.三、Question 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3.A Proposal of Banning Cycling in the Student CenterRecently, while strolling through the student center mall, I was st
18、ruck and slightly injured by a bicycle rider. The center is a place for foot traffic, not bicyclists! I strongly urge the university administration to immediately forbid bike riding in this area. The number of pedestrians, the relatively narrow nature of the paths, and the speed of most bikers make
19、a serious accident inevitable. Let me remind the university: they, along with the cyclists, are legally responsible for any injuries suffered by foot traffic. Alittle caution and common sense now can save the university hundreds of thousands of dollars. Additional staff must be hired to enforce this
20、 rule strictly and impartially.Question: The man expresses his opinion of the proposal to ban cycling in the student center. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.Now hear a conversation between two students.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(A letter suggests that the university
21、 stop cycling in the student center and hire staff to enforce this rule. The writer insists that riding bike there is too dangerous.The man disagrees with this idea for two reasons.In the first place, he thinks that most students are responsible adults and are careful when riding in this area; there
22、fore cycling should not be restricted.Also, he says that hiring additional staff is not realistic. The university already has money problems and cannot afford the expense. So this idea is a waste of the schools money and time.)解析：听力原文M: Come on! Thats ridiculous.W: What happened?M: This letter in th
23、e school newspaper. Some people worry too much about safety. This joker is in favor of banning cycling in the student center.W: Why?M: Well, a bike knocked him down. He doesnt look where hes going, so a special rule needs to be made that affects everyone.W: Actually, I can see his point a little bit
24、.he thinks riding bikes is too dangerous in a narrow place like the student center.M: I dont think so. The people who ride bikes are responsible adults and are pretty careful when riding in the area. I mean there are accidents, but you are running a bigger risk by crossing the street. Besides, the g
25、uy also suggests that the school hire help to enforce this rule.W: You mean that campus police?M: No, the writer says the university should hire additional staff! More people to apply one rule! Come on! It is impossible for the university to supervise everyone. Hiring people to enforce this rule is
26、a big waste of the schools money and time. The school already has money trouble. This guy wants to pay more people to do useless jobs.Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)stopban, prohibit (b)dangeroushazardous(e)money problemsfinancial woesParaphrases 1. He maintains that cycling should not be regu
27、lated because it is not that dangerous; in fact most cyclists ride responsibly and carefully.2. The university already has money problems and cannot afford the expense for a minor problem like this.四、Question 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)4.Insight learningInsight learning is often treated as a mode of learning
28、distinct from either trial-and- error problem solving or applying theory to specific cases. It is sometimes described as an “epiphany“, a “eureka experience.“ Three factors are typical of insight learning: a series of problem-solving attempts has ended in failure; existing theory offers no new avenu
29、es for a solution, which means an impasse has been reached; a novel solution to the problem suddenly emerges. Often the solution has immense theoretical importance, amounting to what T.S. Kuhn calls “scientific revolutions.“Question: Using the information from the lecture, explain how the experiment
30、 of a chimpanzee reaching its food relates to insight learning as discussed in the reading passage.Now hear a talk on the same subject.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The lecture is about insight learning, and the professor gives an example involving an experiment on chimps.In the experiment, bananas were placed n
31、ear the ceiling, where the chimp could not reach. After initial failures, the animal was sad. But then the chimp tried standing on a box to get the fruit. Though one box was too low, adding a few others soon let him get the bananas. The story shows how a new insight can be used to solve problems whe
32、re habitual methods failed.)解析：听力原文M: We have been discussing modes of learning this week, and todays topic is insight learning. The simplest example of insight learning comes right out of the research of Wolfgang Koehler and his famous chimpanzee.In the experiment the scientist attached a bunch of
33、bananas to the ceiling of the room, well out of the reach of the chimpanzee. The chimps first response, as expected, was to jump up and try to grab the bananas. He apparently tried several times, failing each time. After this, the chimp showed signs of sadness.Shortly after, he found a box-one of se
34、veral in the room, then put the box under the bananas and climbed up on it. He still couldnt reach the bananas, but he had a powerful insight. The chimp then put another box on the first, and a third on top of those. In the end, naturally, he got his bananas. More importantly, he invented a new meth
35、od of getting access to food. A box was no longer just a box. It was a chimpanzee tool.Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)nearin close proximity to (b)reachget at(c)initialat the outset (d)habitualtime-testedParaphrases 1. At the outset, the animal was frustrated with his effort to get at the frui
36、t.2. Despite the fact that one box alone was insufficient, the addition of others did the trick and let him get the fruit.五、Question 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)5.Question: The speaking discusses two possible solutions to the mans problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two
37、 solutions you prefer and explain why.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The man is struggling over whether to turn in his term paper now or tomorrow.The woman gives him two suggestions. He could either turn it in right now or check his work one more time and turn it in tomorrow.I would submit the assignment now if I
38、 were him. He has worked very hard on the paper, and now deserves some rest, like hanging out with some friends to have some fun. I dont thtnk submitting the paper today or tomorrow will make any difference in his score.As the man says that he will be too exhausted to go over the final draft of his
39、paper again, I believe he should hand it in right now.)解析：听力原文W: Oh, come on! This is the fifth time youve phoned me today. What is it now?M: Well, you know that term paper?W: Yes! I know the paper! Youve read almost all of it to me over the phone.M: Well, Lindy, I finished.W: Oh, Good!M: But I stil
40、l have this problem. I can turn it in right now. But I really think I should review it word by word one more time. I want to be sure and get the highest mark. What do you think I should do?W: Just turn in the paper. Youve worked on it for weeks. Why not have some fun and go out with your friends?M:
41、Yeah, that sounds really cool. But if I waste all my time relaxing, Ill be guilty and worried because I never checked over my paper like I should have. Do you think I should look over it again since I have time? I really want to get a good score.W: OK, so look it over now and hand in the paper tomor
42、row. Problem solved.M: Noooo! Because if I check it now, without rest and relaxation, Ill be so stressed that I wont concentrate on my paper. I cant think!W: Didnt anyone ever tell you that college is time to grow up?Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)struggleagonize(b)if I were himif I were in hi
43、s shoes(c)work hard onsweat over(d)make a differencehave an effect(e)exhaustedfatigued, tiredParaphrases 1. Were I in his shoes, Id turn it in as soon as possible.2. Whether he submits the paper now or tomorrow is immaterial.六、Question 6(总题数：1，分数：20.00)6.Question: Using points and examples from the
44、talk, explain the two methods archaeologists use to define the location where they should dig for findings.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The lecture offers examples of two ways archaeologists use to choose sites to dig.The first way is to look at the physical features of the land that suggests people were once h
45、ere long ago. If you find one thing, there are liable to be more. The professor mentions stairs at the bottom of a New Zealand hill suggesting a site at the top where wood houses and artifacts were found.The other method is to take hints from plants growing in certain places. For example, there is a
46、 kind of tree native to South East Asia. But they are also found in the Americas and even Africa. Clearly, someone brought them here. So a good place to dig might be near old groves of the plants.)解析：听力原文W: Probably the hardest question for an archaeologist is, “Where do I dig?“ So think about it. You have limited time, limited money. Where do you go sticking a shovel in the g
