1、The Attributive Clause,定语从句的概念,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。,二、定语从句的关系词,引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词（在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语）和关系副词（在定语从句中作状语），常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。,三、定语从句的分类,根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从
2、句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。,四、关系代词的用法,1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）,. that 指人/物，作主
3、语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,A plane is a machine. It can fly.,A plane is a machine that can fly.,He is the man. I told you about him.,He is the man (that) I told you about.,He is the man (that) I told you about., 注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that 。,that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,A plane is a machine that can fly., that和which在
4、指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,This is the first book (that) he has read.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,anything, little, much 等不定代词时。,(2)先行
5、词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。, that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,(5) 先行词是who或who引导的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished. (6) 主句以There be 引导时 There are
6、 200 people that didnt know the thing. (7) 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that.She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago. (8)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that. Which is the book that you bought last week?, that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用which而不用that。,a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：Whats that which is und
7、er the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴,2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。,例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近
8、的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）,apple,the red the green the small the big,The apple which is red is mine.,The apple which is green is yours.,The apple which is red is small,The apple which is green is big.,which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省),Th
9、ese are the trees which were plantedlast year.,This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.,Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?,Is this the library from which you borrow books?, Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat（山羊）. The goat is eating her flowers.,Mrs. Clark is angry with the
10、goat which is eating her flowers., Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night.,Can you lend me the book (which) you talked about last night.,Can you lend me the book about which you talked last night?,Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.,Do you find the pen with which I wrote
11、 just now?,Do you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now?,3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语或宾语（与that指人时可替换），whom只用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。,例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语，不可省略） She know the nurse (who/whom/ that) we met yesterday.他认识我们昨天见到的那位护士
12、。（作宾语，可省略）,1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,The man who I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省),The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.,The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.,3.当先行词是those, she ,he ,they等代詞時,关系代词用who.Those who were la
13、te for class raise your hands.,the handsome the tall the strong the clever the naughty,boy,The boy is Tom.,The boy who is handsome is Tom.,The boy who is tall is Tom.,The boy who is strong is Tom,The boy who is clever is Tom,The boy who is naughty is Tom., The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling., The bo
14、y is Tom. The boy has a round face.,The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语),The boy who has a round face is Tom., The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.,The man who sits in front of me is Tom., The man is kind. Everyone likes him.,The man (who) everyone likes is kind.(宾语), The woman got the job. We saw
15、her on the street.,The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job., The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday.,The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk., The boy is in the lab. You want to talk to him.,The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab（实验室）.,The b
16、oy to whom you want to talk is in the lab., This is the boy. I sit behind him.,This is the boy (whom) I sit behind.,This is the boy behind whom I sit., The lady stepped on his foot. He was dancing with the lady.,The lady (whom) he was dancing with stepped on his foot., Do you know the man? You will
17、visit him today.,Do you know the man whom you will visit today?,(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world.whomthat,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress that she is wearing is new.which,(3) He is t
18、he kind person. I have ever worked with him.,(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.,He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.whowhom ,This is the best film that I have ever seen.,注意,：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the ho
19、use in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。,（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。,3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住
20、的城市非常远。,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：,My sister, who is twenty, works in a bank.,The man who came here yesterday has come again.,限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从 句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。,非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先 行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。 这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。,whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词 与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose 多
21、指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which 互换使用。,This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue.,Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?,He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.,Mr King was quickly taken to hospital. Her legs were badly hurt.,Her,We shall
22、make a decision about Ms King. I have told you her story.,her,This teacher, with whose son I work, is liked by all the students.,The chair whose legs are broken is being repaired now.,The chair, the legs of which are broken, isbeing repaired now.,The boss of the company told the story about . His na
23、me was Mr Little.,His,The boss had heard about the accident. Mr King worked in his department.,his,复习定语从句中的关系副词：,when, where, why,Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.,on which,This is the house where I lived two years ago.,in which,Do you know the reason why she was late.,It rained hea
24、vily, for which he was late forthe class.,1. -Do you know the man _B_is talking with your father？-Yes， hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _B_I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _C_I know.A. where B. which C. that D
25、. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _A_the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _C_with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree,6. My watch is not the only thing _A_ is missing.A. that B
26、. it C. which D.who 7. The man _B_coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _C_ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was 9. I love places _C_the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The
27、world _D_ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live in,. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。,1. The first thing that you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day which/that is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family who/that had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house that/which we live in is very old.5. Didnt you see the man who/whom/that I talked with just now？,The EndThank you!,
