1、IPv4/IPv6 transition experience and the features of stateless translation (IVI),Xing Li 2011-02-23,Plenary: Life after IPv4 Exhaustion,2,AS-level (1),3,AS-level (2),4,After IPv4 exhaustion,In 172 days Increase AS number from 3K 35K Make 99% of the content IPv6 available Mission impossible,5,Ready an
2、d not ready,Applications: Some is ready,Core: Ready DNS: Ready,Access: Not ready,Hosts: Most can be ready,Contents: Not ready,NMS/Billing/CRM: Not ready,Mobile Devices: Not ready,6,IPv6 S curve,7,Who will be mostly affected,The existing IPv4-only users They are happy now, until there are IPv6-only c
3、ontent/users Upgrade to dual stack is not very urgent Upgrade to dual stack should not degrade their experience The new users They do NOT accept the service if they cannot access the global IPv4 Internet.,8,SP should make a decision in 172 days,9,IPv4/IPv6 transition standard roadmap,* CERNET author
4、s/co-authors,10,If IPv6 is so great, how come it is not there yet?,Applications Need upfront investment, stacks, etc. Similar to Y2K, 32 bit vs. “clean address type” Network Need to ramp-up investment No “push-button” transition,IPv4 exhaustion does not change this NAT44 vs. IPv6,11,CERNET and CERNE
5、R2,IPv4 2,000 Universities 25,M Users,IPv6-only 200 Universities 2M Users,12,12,12,To encourage transition,CERNET (IPv4) Congested and charged. CERNET2 (IPv6) Light loaded and free of charge.So, for using high quality and free network, port your application to IPv6.,13,13,13,IPv4 and IPv6 traffic,CE
6、RNET IPv6 traffic is about 20% of IPv4,14,So what are IPv6 traffics,Mostly video Anything which cannot be accessed via IPv4 If both IPv4/IPv6 are available, the users prefer to use IPv4 (better experience) Except EE and CS students,15,When will be the X-day?,We have asked our customers Can we turn o
7、ff CERNET (IPv4) and only provide CERNET2 (IPv6) services? The answer is absolutely NO! If there is a single IPv4-only content in the global Internet, we can not turn off IPv4. We have almost reached X-day (IPv4 address depletion) When will be the X-day (turn off IPv4)?,16,The killer application,Vid
8、eo? P2P? Internet of Things? The intercommunication with the IPv4 Internet is the killer application of IPv6.,17,17,We invented IVI,IPv4-accessible servers/clients,18,Translation scenarios,19,Stateless translation (IVI),A subset of IPv6 addresses,20,www.ivi2.org,21,1:N IVI,If R=256 A /24 is equivale
9、nt to a /16,22,1:N dIVI,23,Make things easy and simple,Service Continuity Only upgrade core network to dual stack Keep the existing IPv4 access network running as usual Minimal customer Impact Deploy IPv6-only data center with 1:1 IVI to move content to IPv6 without loosing the IPv4 users Deploying
10、new IPv6-only access network with 1:N double IVI for new customers using shared IPv4 addresses Incremental investmentIncremental deployment with direct returns.,24,Remarks (1),Dual stack and tunnel are coexistence technologies 10 year experience indicates that we have not achieved transition via dua
11、l stack and tunnel Lets try translation now We need a single Internet, not two Internets (IPv4 and IPv6) Due to the long tail, the transition cannot be achieved in short time,25,Remarks (2),The competition is what type of translation technologies we will use,26,26,Conclusions,IPv6 is the right direc
12、tion and it works A lot of addresses End-to-end address transparency IPv6 is not easy the rest of users and contents may still use IPv4 Service Continuity Minimal customer Impact Incremental investment The universal connectivity is the fundamental requirement for using Internet Translation,27,IVI IPv4/IPv6 transition,
