1、Bowling for Clusters www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/jp87/bowling4clusters.pdf,SSTI Annual Conference Jerry Paytas, Ph.D. Director,Industry Clusters Defined,Industry Clusters are collections of firms in related industries located in close proximity to one another Industries can be connected in a cluster thr
2、ough a variety of relationships Buy and sell Related technology Common infrastructure Common workforce Competition and collaboration are sources of innovation,Cluster Process,Define Region,Define Cluster,Strategy & Action,Identify Partners,Analysis,The Cluster Compass,Cluster,Cluster businesses are
3、embedded in community,Cluster support services are located in community,Cluster workers live in community,Cluster workers play in the community,Source: The Cluster Compass was developed by the H.J. Heinz III School of Public Policy, Systems Synthesis Project, Integrating Neighborhoods into Regional
4、Clusters, May 2002,Communities and Regional Clusters,Regional Cluster,Regions or communities may be home to some, all, or none of the regional cluster elements.,Firm,Institution,Customer,Service Provider,Cluster Elements,Regional clusters are connected to each other in a variety of ways, including s
5、upply chains, business partnerships, institutional relationships, service provision, the transfer of new technologies, and relationships between workers and firms. Clusters are connected to others in the United States and around the world.,Cluster Process,Define Region,Define Cluster,Strategy & Acti
6、on,Identify Partners,Analysis,Structure Core Markets Trends,Defining Your Clusters,Cluster Structures,Networked Silicon Valley Hub and Spoke Detroit Satellite Raleigh-Durham Albuquerque (State Satellite),Networked,Small, local firms Strong internal linkages Internal labor market Specialized services
7、 and patient capital Innovation is regional (vs. firm or external),Region,Suppliers,Hub and Spoke,Large VIF and suppliers Internal / external linkages Less flexible labor market Few trade associations Local decisions, global impact,Region,Region,Satellite,Large external firms and local branches Deci
8、sions are external Minimal intra-district trade External labor market, organized by firm Higher white collar migration,Cluster Process,Define Region,Define Cluster,Strategy & Action,Identify Partners,Analysis,Dynamics Drivers Assets Gaps,An Industry Cluster Analysis Contains,A definition of key indu
9、stries in a region An analysis of cluster dynamics Key relationships Cluster drivers Identification of regional gaps, assets, and opportunities,Cluster Analysis Techniques,Techniques Critique,Location Quotients,Formula,Interpretation,Input-Output Matrix,Input-Output Data from the Bureau of Economic
10、Analysis,Electro-Optics Cluster,University,Military,Elec. Equip,Analytical Instruments,Surgical -Med Equip,Comm. Equip,Navigation Equip,Sensors & Controls,Non-Ferrous Wire,Specialized Services,Risk Capital,Electro-Optics,Optoelectronics,Leading,Competing,Lagging,Strong,Weak,Moderate,LegendLinesColor
11、s,Cluster “Map”,Rare Ties Less than 50 % said sometimes or frequently influenced idea innovationOccasional Ties between 50%80%said sometimes or frequently influenced idea innovationCommon Ties Greater than 80% said sometimes or frequently influenced idea innovation,Regional Suppliers,Bus Assistance
12、Centers,Trade Associations,Business Incubators,Community Colleges,Universities,Venture Capital,Research Centers,OtherFirms,Customers,Cluster,Use to assess links or resource pools,Source: Clusters of Innovation Initiative, Regional Survey; Cluster Mapping Project, Institute for Strategy and Competiti
13、veness, Harvard Business School; Interviews,Cluster Confusion,Package & Containers 11,879 (-19%),Chemicals 3,570 (-22%),Distribution 5,400 (67%),Consumer Goods,Biological Products,Training Inst. 101,849 (-2%),Cluster Orgs 143 (12%),Pharmaceutical Products 1,152 (-22%),Research 6,708 (-37%),Instr & D
14、evices 5,000 (14%),Core 12,900 Employees 322 Firms -22%,Suppliers 20,800 Employees 612 Firms -7%,Support 102,000 Employees 3,800 Firms -2%,Cluster Process,Define Region,Define Cluster,Strategy & Action,Identify Partners,Analysis,Needs Links Levers Scale,Implications for Strategy,More than targeting
15、Develop local resource base Foster networks & collective action Fill gaps Infrastructure Supply chain Identify competitive strength Consider the market,Critical Questions,Specialization Promotes shared resources, infrastructure, talent But, specialized knowledge may be applicable to a narrow range a
16、nd can be made obsolete by new innovations Diversification Promotes cross-fertilization and adaptation But, diverse sectors require strong linkages and too much diversity reduces strength and opportunity for linking,Implementation Roles,What do you do differently! Pro-active and responsive Focus ide
17、ntify needs, deliver services Aggregate demand Wholesale vs. Retail,Risks.,Wheres the beef? This town isnt big enough Missing the Next Big Thing Does size matter?,Rewards,All together now Spreading the risk A penny saved Speed to scale Theres always next time,Benefits of Cluster Strategy,Focus on re
18、lationships rather than the needs of individual firms Identify gaps and opportunities presented by the regions economy Pro-active organization of resources/activities Financial programs and incentives Attraction targets Infrastructure and site development investments Workforce programs,The End,Thank you,
