1、Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-1,Business Statistics, 4e by Ken Black,Chapter 2Charts & Graphs,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-2,Learning Objectives,Recognize the difference between grouped and ungrouped data Construct a frequency di
2、stribution Construct a histogram, a frequency polygon, an ogive, a pie chart, a stem and leaf plot, a Pareto chart, and a scatter plot,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-3,Ungrouped Versus Grouped Data,Ungrouped data have not been summarized in any way are also called r
3、aw data Grouped data have been organized into a frequency distribution,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-4,Example of Ungrouped Data,Ages of a Sample of Managers from Urban Child Care Centers in the United States,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley &
4、 Sons.,2-5,Frequency Distribution of Child Care Managers Ages,Class Interval Frequency 20-under 30 6 30-under 40 18 40-under 50 11 50-under 60 11 60-under 70 3 70-under 80 1,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-6,Data Range,Smallest,Largest,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken
5、 Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-7,Number of Classes and Class Width,The number of classes should be between 5 and 15. Fewer than 5 classes cause excessive summarization. More than 15 classes leave too much detail. Class WidthDivide the range by the number of classes for an approximate class width
6、Round up to a convenient number,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-8,Class Midpoint,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-9,Relative Frequency,Relative Class Interval Frequency Frequency 20-under 30 6 .12 30-under 40 18 .36 40-under 50 11 .22
7、50-under 60 11 .22 60-under 70 3 .06 70-under 80 1 .02Total 50 1.00,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-10,Cumulative Frequency,Cumulative Class Interval Frequency Frequency 20-under 30 6 6 30-under 40 18 24 40-under 50 11 35 50-under 60 11 46 60-under 70 3 49 70-under 8
8、0 1 50Total 50,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-11,Class Midpoints, Relative Frequencies, and Cumulative Frequencies,Relative Cumulative Class Interval Frequency Midpoint Frequency Frequency 20-under 30 6 25 .12 6 30-under 40 18 35 .36 24 40-under 50 11 45 .22 35 50-u
9、nder 60 11 55 .22 46 60-under 70 3 65 .06 49 70-under 80 1 75 .02 50Total 50 1.00,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-12,Cumulative Relative Frequencies,CumulativeRelative Cumulative Relative Class Interval Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency 20-under 30 6 .12 6 .12
10、30-under 40 18 .36 24 .48 40-under 50 11 .22 35 .70 50-under 60 11 .22 46 .92 60-under 70 3 .06 49 .98 70-under 80 1 .02 50 1.00Total 50 1.00,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-13,Common Statistical Graphs,Histogram - vertical bar chart of frequencies Frequency Polygon
11、- line graph of frequencies Ogive - line graph of cumulative frequencies Pie Chart - proportional representation for categories of a whole Stem and Leaf Plot Pareto Chart Scatter Plot,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-14,Histogram,Class Interval Frequency 20-under 30 6
12、 30-under 40 18 40-under 50 11 50-under 60 11 60-under 70 3 70-under 80 1,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-15,Histogram Construction,Class Interval Frequency 20-under 30 6 30-under 40 18 40-under 50 11 50-under 60 11 60-under 70 3 70-under 80 1,Business Statistics, 4e
13、, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-16,Frequency Polygon,Class Interval Frequency 20-under 30 6 30-under 40 18 40-under 50 11 50-under 60 11 60-under 70 3 70-under 80 1,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-17,Ogive,Cumulative Class Interval Frequency 20-under 30 6 3
14、0-under 40 24 40-under 50 35 50-under 60 46 60-under 70 49 70-under 80 50,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-18,Relative Frequency Ogive,CumulativeRelative Class Interval Frequency 20-under 30 .12 30-under 40 .48 40-under 50 .70 50-under 60 .92 60-under 70 .98 70-under
15、80 1.00,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-19,Complaints by Amtrak Passengers,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-20,Complaints by Amtrak Passengers,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-21,Second Quarter Truck Pro
16、duction in the U.S. (Hypothetical values),Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-22,Second Quarter U.S. Truck Production,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-23,Pie Chart Calculations for Company A,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John
17、 Wiley & Sons.,2-24,Safety Examination Scores for Plant Trainees,Raw Data,Stem,2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9,Leaf,3 9 7 9 5 6 9 0 7 7 8 8 0 2 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 1 1 2 3 3 6 8 9 1 1 2 4 7,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-25,Construction of Stem and Leaf Plot,Raw Data,Stem,2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9,Leaf,3 9 7 9 5 6 9 0 7 7 8 8 0 2 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 1 1 2 3 3 6 8 9 1 1 2 4 7,Stem,Leaf,Stem,Leaf,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-26,Pareto Chart,Business Statistics, 4e, by Ken Black. 2003 John Wiley & Sons.,2-27,Scatter Plot,
