1、Carbon Dioxide Flooding in Kansas Reservoirs,G. Paul Willhite Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,14th Oil Recovery Conference, March 14-15,2001,Minimum Miscibility Pressure,Requirements for Carbon Dioxide Miscible Flooding,Minimum miscibility pressure must be determined for Kansas crude oils Must be poss
2、ible to re-pressure reservoir to reach MMP during the displacement process Carbon dioxide must be available at a price that will make the process economic,Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,Minimum Miscibility Pressure in Hall-Gurney LKC,Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,Outline of Presentation,Research on C
3、arbon Dioxide Miscible Flooding Technology Applied to Kansas Reservoirs Carbon Dioxide Flooding in Central Kansas Reservoirs Field Demonstration Project Hall-Gurney Field The Carbon Dioxide Supply,Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,Research on Carbon Dioxide Miscible Flooding Technology,Potential Applica
4、tion of CO2 Process in Kansas(1979-1981) Evaluation of LKC CO2 Potential(1986-1989) The Southwest Kansas CO2 Initiative (1997-1998) The Central Kansas Initiative(1998- ),Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,Outline of Presentation,Research on Carbon Dioxide Miscible Flooding Technology Applied to Kansas Re
5、servoirs Carbon Dioxide Flooding in Central Kansas Reservoirs Field Demonstration Project Hall-Gurney Field The Carbon Dioxide Supply,Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,Carbon Dioxide Flooding in Central Kansas Reservoirs,Central Kansas Initiative (1998- KTEC (1999-2000) DOE Class Revisited Project (2000
6、-2005),Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,Carbon Dioxide Flooding in Central Kansas Reservoirs,A Cooperative Program Involving Shell CO2 Ltd(Kinder Morgan), Energy Research Center at University of Kansas( TORP, KGS),Overall Objective,Verify technical and economic viability of the application of CO2 misci
7、ble flooding to Central Kansas oil fieldsCritical element: Demonstrate sufficient field performance(oil in the tank) to justify the development of a carbon dioxide pipeline into Central Kansas,Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,Components of Carbon Dioxide Program,Phase I:Conduct a feasibility study on A
8、rbuckle and Lansing Kansas City Reservoirs(KTEC Contract)Phase II: Select a site and design one or more field pilot CO2 miscible floods(DOE Class Program Revisited),Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,Components of Carbon Dioxide Program(Continued),Phase III: Construct and operate the CO2 pilot(DOE Class
9、Program Revisited)Phase IV: Evaluate technical and economic performance of pilot(DOE Class Program Revisited)Phase V: Build a CO2 pipeline into Central Kansas(Shell CO2, Ltd/Kinder Morgan),Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,KTEC Contract Results,Collected representative Arbuckle oil samples and determine
10、d the MMP and basic properties of these oilsCompiled a data base of LKC reservoirs and identified potential sites where pilot-scale demonstrations would be effective,Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,KTEC Contract-Results(Continued),Measured rock properties to provide input to reservoir characterization
11、 and simulationPerformed reservoir characterization of potential LKC sites within Hall Gurney and to identify optimal sites for CO2 screening simulations,Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,KTEC Contract-Results(Continued),Simulated CO2 miscible flood response at selected sites with screening models Devel
12、oped an economic model of the demonstration sites and the regional resource Prepared a proposal for the DOE Class Revisited Program to support a field demonstration program in the Hall-Gurney Field(May 1999) Project Completion Report(September 2000),Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,Hall-Gurney,LKC Oil
13、Resource-10 County Area,Lease Scale Economic Variables-CO2 Flooding,CO2 cost $1/mcf Oil price $20/bbl Capital cost $4,000,000/sec CO2 utilization 5/10 mcf/bbl (net/gross) Recovery 30% Primary + Secondary Operations $400-600M/yr/sec NRI 84% Residual Oil Volume ?,Kansas Geological Survey,CO2 Costs vs.
14、 Oil Price for 20 % IRR,Base Case: $20/bbl Oil $1.00/mcf CO2 12% OOIP,Kansas Geological Survey,Sensitivity to Oil Price,Base Case: $20/bbl Oil $1.00/mcf CO2 12% OOIP,Kansas Geological Survey,Required Recovery for 20% IRR,$20 Oil Recovery Required: 2,500 gross BO/acre Recovery Factor Resource Thresho
15、ld 30% P+S 8,500 BO/acre 25% P+S 10,200 BO/acre$25 Oil Recovery Required: 1,650 gross BO/acre Recovery Factor Resource Threshold 30% P+S 5,500 BO/acre 25% P+S 6,600 BO/acre,Kansas Geological Survey,Outline of Presentation,Research on Carbon Dioxide Miscible Flooding Technology Applied to Kansas Rese
16、rvoirs Carbon Dioxide Flooding in Central Kansas Reservoirs Field Demonstration Project Hall-Gurney Field The Carbon Dioxide Supply,Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,Field Demonstration of CO2 Miscible Flooding in the L-KC, Central Kansas,Class II Revisited DE-AC26-00BC15124,MV Energy LLC,March 7,2000,L
17、-KC Recoveries in Hall-Gurney and Trapp, 8 MBO/acre,6-8 MBO/acre,4-6 MBO/acre,2-4 MBO/acre,Cumulative Production Primary + Secondary Lansing-Kansas City (Per Section Basis),Kansas Geological Survey,Project Economics,Total Project $5.4 million $2.0M CO2 Purchase, transport, recycling $1.5M Research,
18、Technology Transfer $1.1M Capital Costs (wells, etc.) $0.8M Operations (6 years)Funding $2.4M Kinder-Morgan CO2 Co. LP and Murfin Drilling Company $1.9M U.S. Department of Energy $1.0M KGS and TORP $0.1M Kansas Department of Commerce,DOE Class Program Revisited,Central Kansas CO2 Demonstration Proje
19、ctPhase 1-Reservoir Characterization( 1 Year)Phase 2-Field Demonstration(4 years)Phase 3-Monitoring(1 year),Demonstration Design Summary,55 acre, nine-spot 2 CO2 injectors 7 Producers 5 Containment Water Injectors 0.843 BCF CO2 injected-WAG 4.6 year operating life 80,000 BO estimated recovery during
20、 DOE 20,000 BO in 3 years after DOE Project,Outline of Presentation,Research on Carbon Dioxide Miscible Flooding Technology Applied to Kansas Reservoirs Carbon Dioxide Flooding in Central Kansas Reservoirs Field Demonstration Project Hall-Gurney Field The Carbon Dioxide Supply,Tertiary Oil Recovery
21、Project,Carbon Dioxide Supply,Is the resource base in LKC reservoirs large enough to support a pipeline that could deliver CO2 at $1.00/mcf? Can the “Golden Trend” in the Hall-Gurney Field anchor a pipeline?,Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,Pipeline Cost Estimates*,Distance is 220 miles to Hall-Gurney
22、Other LKC areas would require 110 miles of lateral lines Pipeline cost is $22,000/inch-mile Ten year amortization of capital cost at 10% based on 80% of line capacity CO2 is available at Postle Field at pipeline pressure,*William Flanders, Transpetco Engineering,Pipeline Considerations,CO2 oil recov
23、ered is 25% of Primary and Secondary Net CO2 required is 4 mcf/BO Risk assessment=fraction of operators who would install floods Hall Gurney “Golden Trend”70% Nearby LKC areas(Lateral)50%,William Flanders,LKC Pipeline Results,Risk weighted CO2 for LKC is 60-65 BCF +-10% CO2 oil potential from LKC 15
24、-16MMBO Not enough LKC resource base to anchor pipeline Need 184 BCF risk weighted CO2 to deliver at $1.00/mcf at 10% IRR/10 year amortization,Carbon Dioxide Pipeline,Need an additional 120 BCF risk weighted CO2 potential to build 8” pipeline to Central Kansas Are Arbuckle reservoirs potential carbo
25、n dioxide miscible flood candidates? Minimum miscibility pressure 1600 psi Initial reservoir pressure1050-1150 psi Well connected to an aquifer,Determining Distribution of “Low” Pressure Arbuckle,Concept: Low SIP on DSTs in mature production indicatesless effective water drive than in areas with hig
26、her SIPMethodology: Map SIP for infill and replacement wells inmature Arbuckle fields. DSTs in top 30 feet and 80 feet of fluid recovery.Preliminary results: Significant contiguous areas have lowerpressures than would be anticipated for strong water drives.Original BHP 1150# “Normal” pressured areas
27、 1050#Moderate pressured areas 550-750#“Low” pressured areas 300-550#,Kansas Geological Survey,“Low” Pressure Arbuckle, Bemis Field, Ellis Co. Kansas,DST SIP overlain by Arbuckle Structure,Arbuckle Production Total Cum.: 221 MMBOMore than 8 MBO/acre All 200 MMBO 550-750 psi* 70 MMBO 550 psi* 20 MMBO
28、 *recent DSTs in top of ArbuckleNote: Data is very preliminary,Low,Moderate,“High”,Kansas Geological Survey,Carbon Dioxide Supply,ICM(U.S. Energy Partners, LLC) announces ethanol plant to be constructed in Russell(February 5,2001) On stream November 1,2001 CO2 production 3.4 MMCFD(wet at atmospheric
29、 pressure) 8.5 miles from CO2 demonstration project,Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,Location of Ethanol Plant & CO2 EOR Site,Kansas Geological Survey,Carbon Dioxide Supply-ICM Plant,CO2 supply capable of supporting small scale commercial operation in the Hall Gurney Field(1 BCF/year) Cost to deliver C
30、O2 at 1500 psi at the field is on the order of $1.00/mcf for commercial scale operation Working with ICM to secure CO2 supply for LKC CO2 demonstration project,Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,UPDATE: Field Demonstration of CO2 Miscible Flooding in the L-KC, Central Kansas,Martin K. Dubois Kansas Geolo
31、gical Survey,Class II Revisited DE-AC26-00BC15124,MV Energy LLC,KGSociety Tech Meeting, March 1, 2001,http:/www.kgs.ukans.edu/CO2/reports.html,CO2 Pilot Project Team,Kansas Geological Survey Alan P. Byrnes Marty Dubois W. Lynn Watney Timothy R. Carr Willard J. Guy John Doveton Dana Adkins-Heljeson K
32、enneth StalderKinder-Morgan CO2 Co. LP Russell Martin Paul Nunley William Flanders(consultant)U.S. Department of Energy Edith C. Allison (Prgrm Mngr) Daniel Ferguson (Project Mngr),Tertiary Oil Recovery Project G. Paul Willhite Don W. Green Shapour Vossoughi Jyun-Syung Tsau Richard Pancake Rodney Re
33、ynolds Rajesh Kunjithaya Ed ClarkMV Energy LLC Dave Murfin Jim Daniels Larry Jack Niall AvisonState of Kansas (Dept. of Commerce)ICM, Inc. Dave Vander Griend,Kansas Geological Survey,Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,The Potential for Carbon Dioxide Flooding in Kansas,Kansas oil production 96,000 B/D Oil production from CO2* 12,500 B/D*CO2 Pipeline 50 MMCFDCO2 oil production at 4 MCF/BO,Tertiary Oil Recovery Project,
