1、Chapter 16 Designing Effective Input,Systems Analysis and Design Kendall and Kendall Fifth Edition,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-2,Major Topics,Input design Form design Screen design Microcomputer/mainframe differences GUI screen design GUI controls Web design guidelines
2、,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-3,Input Design Objectives,The quality of system input determines the quality of system output Well-designed input objectives Effectiveness Accuracy Ease of use Consistency Simplicity Attractiveness,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prenti
3、ce Hall, Inc.,16-4,Form Design,Guidelines for good form design Make forms easy to fill out Ensure that forms meet the purpose for which they are designed Design forms to assure accurate completion Keep forms attractive,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-5,Form Completion,To m
4、ake forms easy to fill out, the following techniques are used: First, design forms with proper flow, from left to right and top to bottom Second, group information logically using the seven sections of a form Third, provide people with clear captions Captions tell the person completing the form what
5、 to put on a blank line, space, or box,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-6,Seven Sections of a Form,The seven sections of a form Heading Identification and access Instructions Body Signature and verification Totals Comments,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall,
6、Inc.,16-7,Caption Types,Captions may be one of the following: Line caption, putting the caption on the same line or below the line Boxed caption, providing a box for data instead of a line Vertical check off, lining up choices or alternatives vertically Horizontal check off, lining up choices or alt
7、ernatives horizontally,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-8,Meeting the Intended Purpose,Systems analysts may use different types of specialty forms for different purposes Specialty forms can also mean forms prepared by a stationer The disadvantages of the specialty forms are
8、 High cost Users can get bogged down with the red tape generated by meaningless multiple-part forms,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-9,Ensuring Accurate Completion,To reduce error rates associated with data collection, forms should be designed to assure accurate completion
9、Design forms to make people do the right thing with the form To encourage people to complete forms, systems analysts should keep forms attractive,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-10,Attractive Forms,To be more attractive, forms should look uncluttered, and elicit informatio
10、n in the expected order Aesthetic forms or usage of different fonts within the same form can help make it more attractive,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-11,Form Spacing,Computer printer entries require a minimum of 1/6-inch spacing between lines Handwritten entries requir
11、e approximately 1/4 inch When forms are completed by either hand or by a printer, allow about 1/3-inch intervals between lines,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-12,Microcomputer Form Design Software,Numerous microcomputer form design software is available Features of electro
12、nic form design software Ability to design paper, electronic, or Web- based forms Form design using templates Form design by cutting and pasting familiar shapes and objects,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-13,Microcomputer Form Design Software,Further form design software f
13、eatures Facilitates completion through the use of software Permits customized menus, toolbars, keyboards, and macros Supports popular databases Enables broadcasting of electronic forms Permits sequential routing of forms,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-14,Microcomputer For
14、m Design Software,Further form design software features Assists form tracking Encourages automatic delivery and processing Establishes security for electronic forms,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-15,Controlling Business Forms,Controlling forms include Making sure that eac
15、h form in use fulfills its specific purpose That the specified purpose is integral to organizational functioning Preventing duplication of information collected and the forms that collect it Designing effective forms,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-16,Controlling Business
16、Forms,Controlling forms include (continued) Deciding on how to get forms reproduced in the most economical way Establishing stock control and inventory procedures that make forms available when needed, at the lowest possible cost,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-17,Screen D
17、esign Guidelines,Guidelines for good screen design First, keep the screen simple Second, keep the screen presentation consistent Third, facilitate user movement among screens Finally, create an attractive screen,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-18,Three Screen Sections,To k
18、eep the screen simple, it is divided into three sections: Heading Body Comments and instructions,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-19,Screen Design Concepts for Simplicity,Displaying a few necessary basic commands using windows or hyperlinks is another way to keep screens si
19、mple For the occasional user, only 50 percent of the screen should contain useful information For the regular user, up to 90 percent of the screen may contain information,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-20,Screen Design Concepts for Simplicity,Simplistic design includes ma
20、ximizing or minimizing the window size as needed Clicking the right mouse button is often used to display more options for the window,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-21,Consistency,Consistency is achieved by displaying information in the same area or by grouping informatio
21、n logically Consistency means using the same terms and acronyms on several screens,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-22,Facilitating Movement,Guidelines for facilitating movement from one screen to another Scrolling the screen back and forth Calling up another screen for mor
22、e detail Using onscreen dialogue through the prompts Web pages may use buttons or commands to facilitate scrolling and screen movement,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-23,Facilitating Movement,Further guidelines The three clicks rule says that users should be able to get to
23、 the screens they need within three mouse or keyboard clicks Character-based screens scroll by displaying new screens, using standard function keys GUI screens should not scroll Web screens often scroll,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-24,Designing an Attractive Screen,To m
24、ake the screen attractive use Different thickness of separation lines between subcategories Inverse video and blinking cursors Icons which are pictorial onscreen representations symbolizing computer actions Different combinations of colors Different type fonts,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Pre
25、ntice Hall, Inc.,16-25,Microcomputer and Mainframe Differences,Microcomputer and mainframe computers have the following differences in their operation: Microcomputers Respond to any keystroke Define fields without attribute characters Require no space between screen fields,Kendall & Kendall,Copyrigh
26、t 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-26,Mainframe Computers,Mainframe computers Respond when an Attention IDentifier (AID) key is pressed Define screen fields using attribute characters The attribute character takes up one screen position for each field,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall,
27、 Inc.,16-27,Attribute Characters,Attribute characters indicate Protection Intensity Shift Extended attributes,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-28,Using Icons in Screen Design,Icons are used in graphical screens to run programs and execute commands Graphical User Interface (
28、GUI) are used in conjunction with a mouse for making selections and entering data,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-29,Graphical User Interface (GUI) Controls,GUI controls or fields Text boxes Check boxes Option or radio buttons List and drop-down list boxes Sliders and spin
29、 buttons Image maps Text area Message boxes,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-30,Text Boxes,Text boxes should be large enough to accommodate all the field characters Captions should be to the left of the text box Character data should be left aligned within the box Numeric d
30、ata right aligned,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-31,Check Boxes,Check boxes are used for nonexclusive choices Captions are placed to the right of the check box If there are more than 10 check boxes, group with a border or white space,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Pr
31、entice Hall, Inc.,16-32,Option Buttons and Drop-down List Boxes,Option or radio buttons are used for mutually exclusive choices Often they are placed in a border called an option group List and drop-down list boxes are used to select one choice out of many,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentic
32、e Hall, Inc.,16-33,Sliders, Spin Buttons, and Image Maps,Sliders and spin buttons are used to change data that have a continuous range of values They are often accompanied by a text box for entering exact numerical values Image maps are used to select values within an image The x and y coordinates a
33、re sent to the program,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-34,Text Area,A text area is used for entering a larger amount of text These areas may have text that wraps when the text reaches the end of the box There are two ways to handle the text Hard return is used to force new
34、 lines Use word wrap within the text area,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-35,Message Boxes and Command Buttons,Message boxes are used to display warning and other messages in a dialogue box They have an OK button or an OK and a Cancel button Command buttons perform an acti
35、on The text is centered inside the button,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-36,Tab Control Dialogue Boxes,Tab control dialog boxes help organize GUI features (controls) for users Each tab dialog box should have three basic buttons: OK Cancel Help,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright
36、2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-37,Web Page Dialogue Boxes,A new type of dialogue box has the look and feel of a Web page Buttons are called places and are hyperlinked to items a user would wish to access,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-38,Color,The five most legible foregr
37、ound/background color combinations for display monitors are Black on yellow Green on white Blue on white White on blue Yellow on black,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-39,Skins,Skins are graphical overlays that allow customers to change the appearance of a Web site dependin
38、g on their preferences for a particular kind of image,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-40,Internet and Intranet Design Guidelines,Guidelines for creating intranet and Internet input pages Use a variety of text boxes, push buttons, radio buttons, drop-down lists, and other G
39、UI features Provide clear instructions Include radio buttons when users must make a bipolar choice,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-41,Internet and Intranet Design Guidelines,Further intranet/Internet guidelines Use check boxes to test conditions to true or untrue Use a log
40、ical entry sequence for fill-in forms Include two basic buttons: Submit and Clear,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-42,Internet and Intranet Design Guidelines,Further intranet/Internet guidelines Create a feedback screen that lists error messages if a form has not correctly
41、been filled out Provide a scrolling text box if you are uncertain how much text will be entered If the form is lengthy, divide it into several simpler forms on separate pages,Kendall & Kendall,Copyright 2002 by Prentice Hall, Inc.,16-43,Ecommerce Applications,Ecommerce applications involve more than just good Web site design Customers need to be confident of the site, including privacy and security,
