1、Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute; Passive Periphrastic; Dative of agent,Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute,The Latin word absolutus means detached, set off, or loosened.,Ablative absolutes are Latin phrases based on a word in the ablative case and in a way detached or set off or loosened from the rest of the
2、sentence.,This means that they do not grammatically interrelate very closely with the other words of the sentence. They have a certain independence.,Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute,Ablative absolutes usually consist of a noun and an adjective.,The adjective is often a participle (present like running,
3、or past like done).,The noun is usually not mentioned at all in the sentences main clause.,Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute,This structure is best learned by examples. First consider some phrases in English that are used absolutely. Notice the nouns and adjectives:,(Absolute) (main clause) Weather permi
4、tting, we will have the picnic there.,Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute,Some Latin examples:,(Absolute) (main clause) Hc fm nrrt, dx urbem sine mor reliquit.,With this rumor having been told, the leader left the city without delay.,Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute,(Absolute) (main clause) Cane currente, equu
5、s magn cum timre campum reliquit.,With the dog running, the horse left the field with great fear.,Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute,Equ cursr, canis magn cum timre campum reliquit.,With the horse about to run, the dog left the field with great fear.,Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute,Rge haec dcente, omns cvs
6、terrbantur.,With the king saying these things, all the citizens were terrified.,In the ablative absolute, the ablative noun/pronoun regularly comes first, the participle last; when the phrase contains additional words, like the direct object of the participle, they are usually enclosed within the no
7、un/participle “frame.”,Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute,As seen in the following examples, even two nouns, or a noun and an adjective, can function as an ablative absolute, with the present participle of sum to be understood.,Caesare duce, nihil timbimus.,With Caesar as leader, we will fear nothing.,Cha
8、pter 24 Ablative Absolute,Caesare incert, bellum timbmus.,With Caesar being uncertain, we were fearing the war.,Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute,There are basically three types of ablative absolutes in Latin:,1. ablative noun + ablative perfect participle (the most common type): “with X having been Y-ed
9、“,2. ablative noun + ablative present participle: “with X Y-ing“,3. ablative noun + ablative noun/adjective: “with X (being) Y“ there is no present participle for sum.,Chapter 24 Passive Periphrastic,The passive periphrastic consists of the future passive participle (also called the gerundive) plus
10、a form of sum.,The participle (being an adjective) agrees with the subject.,The participle carries a sense of necessity (must or ought): this is what is emphasized in the passive periphrastic.,Its important to remember that the Latin construction is always passive, implying “must be, should be.“,Cha
11、pter 24 Passive Periphrastic,id faciendum est.,It must be done.,liber cum cr legendus est.,The book must be read with care.,Chapter 24 Dative of Agent,The passive periphrastic is passive, but if the doer is specified, it is not by ablative of agent, but by the dative of agent:,id faciendum est tibi.
12、,it must be done by you.,liber mihi cum cr legendus est.,The book must be read with care by me.,Chapter 24 Dative of Agent,illa puella subj. omnibus dat. of agent laudanda est pass. periphrastic,That girl must be praised by everyone.,pax ducibus nostrs petenda erat.,Peace had to be sought by our lea
13、ders,Translation Time, yall:,Ridens saturas meas percurram,Translation Time, yall:,Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non?,Translation Time, yall:,Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid vetat me ridentem dicere verum,Translation Time, yall:,Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid
14、 vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut puers educands saepe dant crustula magistri?,Translation Time, yall:,Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut puers educands saepe dant crustula magistri? Quaero res graves iucundo ludo et,Translation Time, yall:,Ridens sa
15、turas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut puers educands saepe dant crustula magistri? Quaero res graves iucundo ludo et, nominibus ficts,Translation Time, yall:,Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut puers educands saepe da
16、nt crustula magistri? Quaero res graves iucundo ludo et, nominibus ficts, de mults culps vitisque narro.,Translation Time, yall:,Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut puers educands saepe dant crustula magistri? Quaero res graves iucundo ludo et, nominibu
17、s ficts, de mults culps vitisque narro. Sed quid rds?,Translation Time, yall:,Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut puers educands saepe dant crustula magistri? Quaero res graves iucundo ludo et, nominibus ficts, de mults culps vitisque narro. Sed quid rd
18、s? Mutato nomine,Translation Time, yall:,Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut puers educands saepe dant crustula magistri? Quaero res graves iucundo ludo et, nominibus ficts, de mults culps vitisque narro. Sed quid rds? Mutato nomine, de te fabula narratur.,
