1、Leather Raw cattle hides and calf skins Part 3: Guidelines for grading on the basis of defects PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR 2822-3:2017. The UK part
2、icipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/69, Footwear, leather and coated fabrics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
3、Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017 ISBN 978 0 580 90331 1 ICS 59.140.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the au
4、thority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2017. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 ISO 2017 Leather Raw cattle hides and calf skins Part 3: Guidelines for grading on the basis of defects Peaux brutes d
5、e bovids Partie 3: Lignes directrices pour le classement sur la base des dfauts TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 2822-3 Reference number ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(E) First edition 2017-02 PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in S
6、witzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can b
7、e requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(
8、E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Trimming 2 5 Preservation 2 6 Classification 3 6.1 General . 3 6.2 First grade . 3 6.3 Second grade . 3 6.4 Third grade . 3 6.5 Fourth grade 4 6.6 Rejects 4 Annex A (informative) Correct opening lines fo
9、r cattle 8 Bibliography 9 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Stand
10、ards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also ta
11、ke part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In p
12、articular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elemen
13、ts of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received
14、(see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformit y assessment, as well as information about ISOs ad
15、herence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 120, Leather, Subcommittee SC 1, Raw hides and skins including pickled pelts. A list
16、 of all parts in the ISO 2822 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(E) Introduction It is widely understood that improvement of hide quality can be achieved only if quality grading norms are applied. The primary producer as we
17、ll as the whole production chain, including flaying, curing, handling and storing, should be rewarded by better prices for improved quality. The main purpose of this document is to provide a basis for quality grading. This document shows a graphic representation visualizing the different grades or c
18、lasses through a schematic pictogram of a hide. There is no relation to breed, size, weight or the origin of the carcass. Acknowledgement is made for References 1 and 2. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 Leather Raw cattle hides and calf skins Part 3: Guidelines for grading on the
19、 basis of defects 1 Scope This document provides guidelines for the grading of raw cattle hides and calf skins based on visible defects. 2 Normative references There are no normative references in this document. 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and de
20、finitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp 3.1 fallen hide hide from an unbled or impr
21、operly bled carcass EXAMPLE The animal died from natural causes. 3.2 pritch hole hole made by a flayers pritch Note 1 to entry: A flayers pritch is an instrument used to support the carcass during flaying. 3.3 healed warble trace of damage caused by larvae of Hypoderma bovis, the hole healed (closed
22、) and the hide substance replaced by scar tissue Note 1 to entry: It is seen as a small raised nodule on the grain side that healed before slaughter. 3.4 f l a y m a rk mark inflicted mechanically or physically during the removal of the hide (or skinning) after slaughter 3.5 knive mark mark on the h
23、ide or skin attributed to poor use of the knife EXAMPLE Cuts, corduroys, gouges, etc. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(E) 3.6 ground drying preservation method where the hide is placed on the ground for purposes of drying
24、Note 1 to entry: The dilemma associated with such a curing technique is contamination, uneven drying and putrefaction. 3.7 trimming removal of excess appendages to improve on the shape of a hide with its ultimate use in mind 3.8 ripping opening up of the carcass of an animal prior to flaying along t
25、he mid-line of the belly, from the neck end at point of slaughter to the anal region near the tail, followed by another incision from the hock joint of the fore and hind limbs to join the mid-line 3.9 pattern shape or contour of a flayed hide when laid flat as determined by the position, length and
26、direction of the ripping cuts made during flaying Note 1 to entry: The bleeding-cut, belly cut and leg cut should be directly in the centre of the throat, belly and legs. See Annex A. 3.10 curing preservation treatment to the hides and skins to render them non-putrescible in the short term or long t
27、erm, depending on the technique and/or chemical used 3.11 defect damage on raw or cured hides/skins which depreciates the value of leather produced from them 3.12 latent defect defect which is discovered after hair removal EXAMPLE Scratches or other mechanical damages. 4 Trimming The cattle hides an
28、d calf skins should be presented: without a head (head cut straight behind the ears), with the shanks cut at right angles immediately above the knee (foreshanks) and hock (hindshanks), with the tail cut off not more that 25 cm from the butt, without excess fat, flesh or any other material unsuitable
29、 for making leather (see Figure 1c). 5 Preservation The following preservation methods are recommended: frame or suspension drying in the shadow stack salting2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(E) brining dry salting freezing. 6 Classific ation 6.1 General Cattle
30、hides and calf skins should be classified according to the following grades ascertainable by the number of defects at the time of classing. 6.2 First grade Cattle hides and calf skins to be classed as first grade are intended to fulfil the features indicated in Table 1 and Figures 1, 2 and 3. Additi
31、onally, they should have the following characteristics: a good pattern, clean and well cured, and no sign of putrefaction; free of defects, except for a maximum of five blind warbles; no brand marks; a few score marks or one hole in the belly is acceptable; total utilizable area of the hide not less
32、 than 90 %. 6.3 Second grade Cattle hides and calf skins to be classed as second grade are intended to fulfil the features indicated in Table 1 and Figures 4, 5 and 6. Additionally, they should have the following characteristics: a good pattern, well cured and no sign of putrefaction; a few small ho
33、les, cuts or other defects in the belly and neck but no brand marks is acceptable; one brand mark wholly within 18 cm of the perimeter of the hide is acceptable; a maximum of 10 open warbles of 20 blind warbles is acceptable; dung or urine stains not more than 30 cm 30 cm each on the hind shank is a
34、cceptable; total utilizable area of the hide not less than 80 %. 6.4 Third grade Cattle hides and calf skins to be classed as third grade are intended to fulfil the features indicated in Table 1 and Figures 7, 8 and 9. Additionally, they should have the following characteristics: a poor pattern, poo
35、r curing and slight signs of putrefaction; any kind of defects, except for brand marks, covering up to 30 % of the hide area; a brand mark with a portion more than 18 cm from the perimeter of the hide area; more than 10 open warbles and 20 blind warbles; more dung and urine stains than are acceptabl
36、e in second grade; total utilizable area not less than 70 %. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3 PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(E) 6.5 Fourth grade Cattle hides and calf skins to be classed as fourth grade are intended to fulfil the features indicated in Table 1 and Figures 10, 11 and 12. Addit
37、ionally, they should have the following characteristics: a very poor pattern and very poorly cured; any kind of defects covering up to 50 % of the hide. 6.6 Rejects All hides presenting with more defects than those acceptable for fourth grade. Less than 50 % of the hide area is useful. Table 1 Guide
38、lines for grading of cattle hides and calf skins Grade Feature Defects, in code Natural de- fects, diseas- es, parasites, ringworm, anthrax, etc. Mechanically caused defects, brands, wounds, etc. Dirt, dung, urine, sand, seeds, etc. Flaying defects, cuts, holes, scores, cracks, etc. Putrefaction, ha
39、ir slip, red heat, salt sta- tions, etc. First Location 12 12 0 1 0 Concentration 1 1 0 1 0 Depth 1 1 0 1 0 Surface 1 1 1 12 Second Location 34 34 34 23 12 Concentration 1 1 1 1 1 Depth 1 1 1 1 1 Surface 1 1 1 12 1 Third Location 34 34 34 34 3 Concentration 2 2 2 2 2 Depth 2 2 2 2 2 Surface 1 1 1 12
40、 1 Fourth Location 34 34 34 34 34 Concentration 2 3 2 2 2 Depth 2 2 2 2 2 Surface 12 1 12 12 12 Table 2 Legend for Table 1 0 1 2 3 4 Location Periphery Legs, tail Shoulder, belly Bun Concentration None Low Medium High Depth Superficial Thorough Surface Grain Flesh4 ISO 2017 All rights reserved PD IS
41、O/TR 2822-3:2017 ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(E) Figure 1 First grade putrefaction, dirt, brand marks F i g u r e 2 F i r s t g r a d e m a x i m u m f i v e b l i n d w a r b l e s Figure 3 First grade scores, marks, holes Figure 4 Second grade putrefaction, dirt, brand marks ISO 2017 All rights reserved 5 P
42、D ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(E) Figure 5 Second grade warbles F i g u r e 6 S e c o n d g r a d e s c a r s , t i c k s , r i n g w o r m ; b r u i s e s , s c r a t c h e s , w o u n d s ; f l a y c u t s Figure 7 Third grade putrefaction, dirt, brand marks F i g u r e 8 T h i r d g r a
43、d e s c a r s , t i c k s , r i n g w o r m ; b r u i s e s , s c r a t c h e s , w o u n d s ; f l a y c u t s6 ISO 2017 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(E) F i g u r e 9 T h i r d g r a d e s c a r s , t i c k s , r i n g w o r m ; b r u i s e s , s c r a t c h e s , w
44、o u n d s ; f l a y c u t s , h o l e s Figure 10 Fourth grade putrefaction, dirt, brand marks, poor pattern F i g u r e 1 1 F o u r t h g r a d e n a t u r a l d e f e c t s , m e c h a n i c a l d e f e c t s , f l a y i n g d e f e c t s Figure 12 Fourth grade any kind of defects ISO 2017 All rig
45、hts reserved 7 PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(E) Annex A (informative) Correct opening lines for cattle Figure A.1 Correct opening lines for cattle8 ISO 2017 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 ISO/TR 2822-3:2017(E) Bibliography 1 UNIDO Draft guidelines for the grading of cattle hide
46、s 2 Aten A., Farady Innes R., Knew E. Flaying and curing of hides and skins as a rural industry ISO 2017 All rights reserved 9 PD ISO/TR 2822-3:2017This page deliberately left blankThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standar
47、ds-related publications, information and services. BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter. British Standards and other standardization products are published by BSI Standards Limited. British Standards Institution (BSI) About us We bring together business, industry, government, consumers, innovators a
48、nd others to shape their combined experience and expertise into standards -based solutions. The knowledge embodied in our standards has been carefully assembled in a dependable format and refined through our open consultation process. Organizations of all sizes and across all sectors choose standard
49、s to help them achieve their goals. Information on standards We can provide you with the knowledge that your organization needs to succeed. Find out more about British Standards by visiting our website at or contacting our Customer Services team or Knowledge Centre. Buying standards You can buy and download PDF versions of BSI publications, i
