1、Designation: C110 151Standard Test Methods forPhysical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, andLimestone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1NOTERevised 16.2.1 editorially for clarity in July
3、2016.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover physical testing of quicklimeand hydrated lime, and of limestone not otherwise covered inASTM standards.2NOTE 1Quicklime and hydrated lime have a high affinity for moistureand carbon dioxide. Caution should be taken to protect both hydrated andquicklime duri
4、ng sampling, storage, and testing (see Practice C50).1.2 The test procedures appear in the following order:Plastic Property Testing SectionStandard Consistency of Lime Putty 5Plasticity of Lime Putty 6Water Retention of Hydrated Lime 7Air Entrainment 8Soundness TestingAutoclave Expansion of Hydrated
5、 and Hydraulic Lime 9Popping and Pitting of Hydrated Lime 10Application TestingSlaking Rate of Quicklime 11Dry Brightness of Pulverized Limestone 12Limestone Grindability Determination by the Laboratory Ball MillMethod13Settling Rate of Hydrated Lime 14Particle Size AnalysisResidue and Sieve Analysi
6、s 15Sieve Analysis of Dry Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime 16Fineness of Pulverized Quicklime and Hydrated Lime by AirPermeabiity17Particle Size of Pulverized Limestone 18Dry Screening of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime, andLimestone by Air Jet Sieving19Wet Sieve Analysis of Agricultural
7、Liming Materials 20Density MeasurementApparent Loose Density of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime,and Limestone21Apparent Packed Density of Hydrated Lime, PulverizedQuicklime, and Limestone22Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Hydrated Lime Products 231.3 The values stated in SI units are to be
8、 regarded asstandard. The values given in brackets are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
9、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C28/C28M Specification for Gypsum PlastersC50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging,an
10、d Marking of Lime and Limestone ProductsC51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as usedby the Industry)C91 Specification for Masonry CementC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fin
11、e and CoarseAggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the LaboratoryC204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement b
12、yAir-Permeability ApparatusC207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-posesC230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 onLime and Limestone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.06 onPhysical T
13、ests.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Originallyapproved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C110 141. DOI:10.1520/C0110-15E01.2For tests on limestone as aggregate, see Vol 04.02 of the Annual Book of ASTMStandards. For tests on limestone as building stone
14、, see Vol 04.05 of the AnnualBook of ASTM Standards.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright
15、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1of Hydraulic CementC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic Consisten
16、cyC430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the45-m (No. 325) SieveC472 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Gypsum, Gyp-sum Plasters and Gypsum ConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Constructi
17、on MaterialsC702 Practice for Reducing Samples ofAggregate to TestingSizeC778 Specification for Standard SandC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsC1107 Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-CementGr
18、out (Nonshrink)D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice
19、for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUnless otherwise specified, for definitionsof terms used in these test methods see Terminology C51.4. General Procedures4.1 SamplingSamples of lime and limestone for physicalanalysis shall
20、be taken and prepared in accordance with therequirements of Practice C50 applicable to the material to betested.4.2 Calculation:4.2.1 The calculations included in the individual proceduressometimes assume that the exact weight specified has beenused. Accurately weighed samples which are approximatel
21、ybut not exactly equal to the weight specified may be usedprovided appropriate corrections are made in the calculation.Unless otherwise stated, weights of all samples and residuesshould be recorded to the nearest 0.0001 g.4.2.2 In all mathematical operations on a set of observedvalues, the equivalen
22、t of two more places of figures than in thesingle observed values shall be retained. For example, ifobserved values are read or determined to the nearest 0.1 mg,carry numbers to the nearest 0.001 mg in calculation.4.3 Rounding FiguresRounding of figures to the nearestsignificant place required in th
23、e report should be done after thecalculations are completed, in order to keep the final resultsfree from calculation errors. The rounding procedure shouldfollow the principle outlined in Practice E29.PLASTIC PROPERTY TESTING5. Standard Consistency of Lime Putty5.1 Significance and Use:5.1.1 In order
24、 to measure certain physical properties of alime putty, such as plasticity, it is necessary to have a uniformor standard consistency (viscosity), since the property mea-surement is affected by the consistency level.5.2 Apparatus:5.2.1 Modified Vicat ApparatusThe apparatus, con-structed as shown in F
25、ig. 1, shall consist of a bracket, A,bearing a movable brass rod, B, 6.3 mm in diameter and ofsuitable length to fit the Vicat bracket. A plunger, C, 12.5 mmin diameter, made of aluminum tubing, shall be attached to thelower end of the rod. The total weight of the rod with plungershall be 30 g. The
26、lower end of the plunger shall be closedwithout shoulders or curvature and the tube may be loaded withshot to the specified weight. The total weight required may alsobe obtained by means of a weight, D, screwed into the rod. Therod can be held in any position by means of a screw, E, and hasa mark mi
27、dway between the ends which moves under a scale,F, graduated in millimetres, attached to the bracket, A.5.2.2 MoldThe conical ring mold shall be made of anoncorroding, nonabsorbent material, and shall have an insidediameter of 70 mm at the base and 60 mm at the top, and aheight of 40 mm.5.2.3 Base P
28、lateThe base plate for supporting the ringmold shall be of plate glass and about 100 mm square.5.2.4 Mechanical Mixers.5.3 Standard Consistency Determination:FIG. 1 Modified Vicat ApparatusC110 15125.3.1 Mechanical Mixing Procedure Using the Vac-U-MixerTo a measured amount of water contained in an 8
29、00cm3Vac-U-Mix bowl, add 300 g of hydrated lime and handmix for 10 s with a stiff spatula (Note 2). Cover putty toprevent evaporation of water. After the applicable soakingperiod, 30 min maximum for Type S, special hydrated lime,and not less than 16 h nor more than 24 h for Type N, normalhydrated li
30、me, insert the paddle assembly and mix the putty for30 s with the mechanical mixer. Remove the paddle assemblyand scrape down any putty adhering to it and to the sides of themixing bowl. Remix for 30 s and determine the consistency asprescribed in 5.3. If the penetration is less than 15 mm, returnal
31、l of the material to the mixer bowl, add additional water, andremix for 15 s. If the penetration is greater than 25 mm, repeatthe test.NOTE 2Most lime hydrates will require 250 to 300 mL of water toproduce a putty of proper consistency for this test if 300 g of lime are used.5.3.2 Mechanical Mixing
32、Procedure Using the Hobart N-50MixerTo a measured amount of water contained in the N-50mixing bowl, add 600 g of hydrated lime and hand mix for 10 swith a stiff spatula (Note 3). Cover putty to prevent evaporationof water.After the applicable soaking period, 30 min maximumfor Type S, special hydrate
33、d lime, and not less than 16 h normore than 24 h for Type N, normal hydrated lime, insert thepaddle assembly and mix the putty for 1 min at a slow speed.Stop the mixer and scrape down the paddle and the sides of themixing bowl. Remix for 4 min at a slow speed. Determine theconsistency as prescribed
34、in 5.3.3. If the penetration is less than15 mm, return all of the material to the mixing bowl, addadditional water, and remix for 15 s. If the penetration is morethan 25 mm, repeat the test.NOTE 3Most lime hydrates will require 500 to 600 mL of water toproduce a putty of proper consistency for this
35、test if 600 g of lime are used.5.3.3 Consistency DeterminationTo determineconsistency, place the mold with its larger end resting on theglass base plate and fill with the lime putty. Then strike off theputty flush with the top of the mold. Center the lime putty,confined in the ring mold resting on t
36、he plate, under the rod ofthe modified Vicat apparatus (Fig. 1). Bring the plunger end, C,in contact with the surface of the lime putty and take an initialreading. Release the rod and take the final reading 30 s after theplunger is released. The lime putty is of standard consistencywhen a penetratio
37、n of 20 6 5 mm is obtained. Record both thetotal amount of water required to bring the putty to standardconsistency and the actual penetration. Proceed with theplasticity determination in accordance with 6.3.5.4 Precision and Bias:5.4.1 The precision and bias of this test method has not beendetermin
38、ed.6. Plasticity of Lime Putty6.1 Significance and Use:6.1.1 This test method provides a measure of the degree ofstiffening of lime putty of standard consistency as water iswithdrawn from it by a standard suction base plate.6.1.2 Plasticity is an important property when applyingmixtures containing l
39、ime putty to porous or absorptive surfacessuch as in plastering, stuccoing, and masonry construction.6.2 Apparatus:6.2.1 Determine the plasticity of lime putty using theplasticimeter shown in Fig. 2.46.2.2 Cleaning and Care of Base PlatesBase plates maybe made of porcelain or plaster. In making the
40、plasticitydeterminations, much of the success attainable depends uponthe condition of the base plates. In the case of porcelain plateswhich are reused, improper cleaning results in clogging of thepores with reduction in the rate of absorption.After a porcelainplate has been used, wipe the excess lim
41、e off and immerse theplate in clear water for not less than 2 h, after which transfer itwithout drying to a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl,1 + 9) where it shall be kept immersed for another 2 h. Thentransfer to a receptacle containing running water for at least1 h. The plate is then free
42、of acid. After the removal of excesswater, place the plate in an oven overnight at a temperature ofbetween 100 and 110C for drying. Before using, cool the plateto room temperature. In the case of plaster base plates, dry thebase plates prior to use in plasticity or absorption testing in anoven at a
43、temperature between 37.8 and 48.9C until theyachieve a constant weight. Before using, cool the plaster plate4The sole source of supply of the Emley Plasticimeter known to the committeeat this time is Geotest Instrument Corporation, 910 University Place, Evanston, IL60201, USA. If you are aware of al
44、ternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1, whichyou may attend.Constants of the Machine:Absorption of Porcelain and Plaster Base Plateminimum of 40 g in
45、24 h. Forrate of absorption of base plates see 6.2.3.2.Dimension of Base Plate25 mm 1 in. in thickness by 100 mm 4 in. indiameter.Dimensions of Disk0.8to12.7mm132 to12 in. in thickness by 76 mm3 in. in diameter.Speed of Vertical ShaftOne revolution in 6 min, 40 s.Torque on Disk when Bob Reading is 1
46、001.41 Nm.FIG. 2 Emley PlasticimeterC110 1513to room temperature in a dessicator charged with a dryingagent. If the plate is not to be used immediately after reachingroom temperature, continue to store the plate in the dessicatoruntil such time that it is to be used. Plaster base plates shall notbe
47、reused after plasticity, total absorption, or rate of absorptiontesting (see 6.2.3).6.2.3 Absorption of Plasticimeter Base Plates:6.2.3.1 Total AbsorptionPlasticimeter base plates whenimmersed in water at room temperature for a period of 24 hshall absorb not less than 40 g of water. Before making th
48、edetermination, dry the porcelain plates overnight in an oven ata temperature between 100 and 110C and permit to cool toroom temperature. Dry the plaster plates in an oven at atemperature between 37.8 and 48.9C until they achieve aconstant weight and permit to cool to room temperature in adessicator
49、 charged with a drying agent. After immersion andbefore weighing either porcelain or plaster plates, wipe off theexcess water with a damp cloth.6.2.3.2 Rate of Absorption (Note 4)When tested over anarea 70 mm 234 in. in diameter, the water absorbed by eitherporcelain or plaster base plates shall be in accordance with thefollowing:Time, min Water Absorbed, mL18to142 5 to 7123 4 to 6124 4 to 65312 to 512(1) Plaster plates designated for rate of absorption testingshall be statistically representative of all plates manufacturedfor tha
