1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 41及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 Giving psychologists the option to become trained prescribers may create a division among psychologists whereby some will be able to prescribe and others will not. As a result, major discord could emerge. It is possible that psychologis
3、ts with the right to prescribe may consider themselves superior to those without the right. If gaining prescription privileges would lead to broader third party payments or full hospital privileges for those qualified to prescribe, psychologists unable to do so may feel that they have been accorded
4、second class status in their profession. The debate, thus far, has focused on the training necessary to grant psychologists prescription privileges. Although this matter is important, of more basic concern are treatment implications and the future role of psychologists. Prescription privileges could
5、 move psychologists closer to a medical model and further away from their historical goal. Psychology began in the late 19th century as an application for psychological techniques. Its focus has been on assessment, behavioral interventions, consultation, and applied research. Before the widespread u
6、se of psychotropic medications, psychiatry emphasized the practice of psychotherapy. Gradually, psychiatry moved toward increased reliance on drugs and away from psychotherapy. It is possible, over time, that psychologists, like psychiatrists, could become more influenced by the use of medication. D
7、espite the argument that prescription privileges significantly may alter traditional psychotherapeutic implications, some psychologists strongly feel that they would be looked upon more favorably, gain prestige, and increase their caseload if they could have the same status of prescribing medication
8、 as psychiatrists do. Does this mean that a lack of prescription privileges promotes the image of psychology as an inferior profession to psychiatry? Contrary to this argument is the fact that psychologists are delivering more outpatient mental health care than any other group of providers. Whatever
9、 some psychologists may perceive as a therapeutic drawback because they are unable to offer prescriptions for psychotropic medications apparently is not recognized by the general public. Psychologists may have flourished because they have offered a clear and distinct service from psychiatry. The use
10、 of medication may send a message to patients that may interfere with personal change and growth. Medications can undercut psychotherapy efforts by implying that benefits come from external agents, not from ones own efforts at change and growth. A large portion of the population prefers the non-medi
11、cation orientation of psychology. If psychologists began prescribing medications, many of their patients seeking alternative treatment might turn to social workers or other non-medical therapists. There is little question that psychologists prescription privileges could have profound effects on the
12、future direction of their profession. 1 Prescription privileges may lead to professional discord mainly because_. （ A） patients would turn to those qualified to prescribe （ B） not all psychologists would gain the right to prescribe （ C） trained prescribers are outstanding in their career （ D） psycho
13、logical techniques would become second choice 2 In the eyes of general public, _. （ A） psychology is an inferior profession to psychiatry （ B） inability to offer prescription put psychologists at a therapeutic disadvantage （ C） medication diminishes the effectiveness of psychotherapy （ D） prescripti
14、on privileges could raise the psychologists image 3 We can infer from the passage that if psychologists could prescribe, _. （ A） it would lead to broader third party payment （ B） they would be looked upon more favorably （ C） their caseload would increase （ D） they might become more influenced by the
15、 use of drugs 4 The best title of the passage may be_. （ A） Future Role of Psychologists （ B） Prescribing Medications: a Reasonable Choice （ C） Psychology Versus Psychiatry （ D） Prescription Privileges fully 76 percent of Japans 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended fa
16、mily have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes(travels to and from work)and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese div
17、orce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter. 13 In the Westerners eyes, the postwar Japan was_. （ A） under aimless development （ B） a positive example （ C） a rival to the West （ D） on the declin
18、e 14 According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society? （ A） Womens participation in social activities is limited. （ B） More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs. （ C） Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics. （ D） The life-style has been
19、influenced by Western values. 15 Which of the following is true according to the author? （ A） Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder. （ B） Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity. （ C） More stress should be placed on the c
20、ultivation of creativity. （ D） Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking. 16 The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that_. （ A） the young are less tolerant of discomforts （ B） the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U. S. （ C） the Japanese endure more than ever b
21、efore （ D） the Japanese appreciate their present life 17 Which one isnt the social problem of present Japan due to lack of proper education? （ A） Over productivity. （ B） Violence. （ C） Divorce. （ D） Suicide. 18 Which one below is not the reason why the Japanese youngsters lost their aims? （ A） The e
22、ducation system in Japan was lack of creation and self-expression. （ B） The long-term crowded living conditions in Urban Japan. （ C） They were not satisfied with their school life. （ D） Japan has largely fulfilled its economy needs. 18 Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smok
23、ing would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure; that the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain; that the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three deca
24、des, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Ear
25、ths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report, “Science never has all the answer. But s
26、cience does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. “ Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters
27、insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an in
28、surance policy now. Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of plan of action, they continue to press for more research a classic of “paralysis by analysis“. To serve as re
29、sponsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd o
30、f West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmen
31、tally sound. 19 An argument made by supporters of smoking was that_. （ A） there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death （ B） the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant （ C） people had the freedom to choose their own way of life （ D） an
32、tismoking people were usually talking nonsense 20 According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as_. （ A） a protector （ B） a judge （ C） a critic （ D） a guide 21 What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis“(Line 3, Paragraph 4)? （ A） Endless studies kill action. （ B） Careful investigation rev
33、eals truth. （ C） Prudent planning hinders progress. （ D） Extensive research helps decision-making. 22 According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming? （ A） Offer aid to build cleaner power plants. （ B） Raise public awareness of conservation. （ C） Press for further sci
34、entific research. （ D） Take some legislative measures. 23 The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because_. （ A） they both suffered from the governments negligence （ B） a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former （ C） the outcome of the latter aggravates the f
35、ormer （ D） both of them have turned from bad to worse 24 The author mentioned the deeper atmospheric and oceanic research in the last paragraph with the intention_. （ A） to explain that the research should be exhaustive and sufficient （ B） that the administration should take conservation measures （
36、C） that the Congress should take the legislative initiative （ D） that actions should be taken rather than research only 在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 41答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of the
37、m there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 依据句是文章第 1、 2句话：给予一部分心理医生处方权会分化整体从业人员，导致思想分歧。而 B项提到 并不是所有的心理医生都有开处方的权利，因此 B项是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读
38、 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第 4段末尾提到 “Medications can undercut psychotherapy efforts by imply-ing” ，在这一点上，药物可能会减弱心理治疗的效果， C项恰表述了这一意思。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文章第 2段最后一句话提到像精神病医师一样，心理医生也有可能会更多地使用药物疗法。由此可以推知 D项为正确 选项。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本文主要围绕是否有必要给予心理医生处方权这一中心议题展开讨论，由此可见 B项是正确选项。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答
39、案】 A 【试题解析】 accord意为 “给予 ”，与 grant同义。 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章最后说，心理医生的处方权对其未来职业产生的影响是毫无疑问的，又说到没有处方权的心理医生可能面临地位失衡的问题，因此是双面的，可以看出，作者对处方权的态 度应该是双面都考虑到，因此应该是谨慎的，所以选 C项。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 1段。 C项与文中 “America and Americans wereprosperous beyond the dreams of the Europea
40、ns and Asians wllose economies the war haddestroyed”的意思相符，因此 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 2段。从中可知，由于其他国家逐渐富强起来，美国的领先地位不可避免地被削弱了。到 20世纪 80年代中期，美国人发觉自己对其日趋衰退的产业竞争力无计可施。面对国外的竞争，一些巨型产业已经萎缩或倒闭，比如消费电子业。到 1987年时，美国的电视制造商只剩下 Zenith一家 (如今，连一家也没有了：韩国的 LG电子集团于当年 7月收购了 Zenith)。外国制造的汽车和纺织品也在涌入美
41、国的国内市场。美国的机床产业也岌岌可危；美国的半导体制造业也似乎要崩溃。据此可知， 20世纪 80年代，美 国失去了在世界经济中的领先地位，许多企业受到影响，外国制造的汽车和纺织品涌入美国国内市场，使其失去了部分国内市场。 D项与文章意思相符，因此 D项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从文章第 2段的内容可知，由于其他国家逐渐富强起来，美国的领先地位不可避免地被削弱了。到 20世纪 80年代中期，美国人发觉自己对其日趋衰退的产业竞争力无计可施。从第 3段的内容可知，所有这一切引发了美国人的信心危机；美国人不再把繁荣看做是理所当然的事，他们开始认为自己缺乏经
42、济头脑，开始相信 自己的收入不久也会因此而下降。在 20世纪 80年代中期，对美国经济走下坡路的原因作了一次又一次的调查，惊人的发现不时在他们耳边充斥着这样的警告 来自海外的竞争压力越来越大。据此可知，一个国家的经济是衰退还是繁荣都是由于竞争所导致的。 B项与文章的意思相符，因此 B项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 4段。从中可知， 1995年，美国的经济已连续 5年稳步增长，而日本却一直在苦苦挣扎。几乎没有美国人把这些增长仅仅归因于美元的贬值或者商业周期循环这 些显而易见的原因。人们不再自我怀疑，开始盲目骄傲。 RichardCav
43、anagh说， “美国已经改变了它的产业结构，消除了臃肿，学得更加明智。 ”WilliamSahlman 认为，回顾历史时，人们会把这段时期看成是 “美国企业管理的黄金时代 ”。据此可知，作者认为美国经济的复兴可能是因为美元的贬值或者商业周期的循环。 A项与文章的意思相符，因此 A项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本文考查对细节部分的理解。第 2段的后面部分提供了信息。 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题是推理题。最后一段说，人们不再自我否定，而是盲目骄傲，并列举了几个例子说明美国人骄傲的心理状态，说明作者是反对这种骄傲心理的
44、，因此选 A项。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 13 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 1段。从中可知，日本在战后并非毫无目的地发展 日本的生产力水平以及社会的和谐程度令欧美国家羡慕。据此可知，西方人认为，战后的日本值得学习。 B项与文中 “the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony arethe envy of the United States and Europe”的意思相符，因此 B项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从文章第 1段的第 2句话可知，日本
45、人的传统工作道德价值观在逐渐淡化；从第 2段的内容可知，战后生育高峰时期的到来以及女性进入以前由男性主导的工作领域限制了日本青少年的机会。此外，表示对工作不满意的日本工人远远多于所调查的另外 10个国家的工人。从文章第 3段的内 容可知，虽然外国人经常称赞日本人注重基础知识，但是，日本的教育往往强调的是应试和机械式学习，而不是创造性和个性表现的培养。自民党教育委员会主席指出，个性、能力、勇气或慈悲心等全都被人们忽略了，由此而受到的挫折导致孩子们辍学、放荡不羁。从文章最后一段的内容可知，日本人的生活方式也发生了变化，人们逐渐放弃了社区和大家庭的观念，转而建立独立的两代人家庭。在过去 10年间，日
46、本的离婚率虽然仍远低于美国，但是已上升了 50多，自杀率上升了将近 25%。据此可知，作者认为，日本社会的道德水平之所以下降，主要是因为日本人受到了美国自由主义思想的影响。 D项与文章的意思相符，因此 D项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 15 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 3段。从中可知，虽然外国人经常称赞日本人注重基础知识，但是日本的教育往往强调的是应试和机械式学习，而不是创造性和个性表现的培养。据此可知，作者认为日本的教育应该注重创造性和自我表现的培养。 C项与文章的意思相符，因此 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 16 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题可参
47、照文章的第 4段。从中可知，这可能与日 本人的生活方式关系更大。教育家 Yoko Muro指出，在日本，你是否喜欢你的工作或生活从来都不是问题，唯一的问题就是你能够忍受到何种程度。在日本，人们逐渐放弃了社区和大家庭的观念，转而建立独立的两代人家庭。日本的城市居民长期忍受着漫长的乘车上、下班和拥挤的生活环境之苦，但是，随着传统的群体和家庭价值观念的淡薄，这些不便开始显露出来。在过去 10年间，日本的离婚率虽然仍远低于美国，但是已上升了 50多，自杀率上升了将近 25。由此可知：日本人的生活方式发生变化的标志就是 他们忍受不了生活中的不便。 A项的 “年轻 人更不能容忍生活中的不便 ”与文章的意思
48、相符，因此 A项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 17 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本文探讨了当今的日本社会由于过度追求经济增长、放松人文道德教育而导致的社会问题：年轻人生活没有目标、迷惘、暴力犯罪增多，家庭结构变化导致个人幸福感降低、离婚率高、自杀人数上升，人们不是享受生活而是忍受生活等。本题考查全面综合能力。日本过度的经济增长是日本社会的主要特征，是优点而不是缺点。 【知识模块】 阅读 18 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题是推 理题。本文从很多方面讲述了日本青少年失去目标的原因，第 3段从日本的教育方面，说日本的教育 “强调应试和机械性学习而不重视创造性及个性表现的培养 ”，第
49、4段说 “这跟日本的生活方式有很大关系 ”，也作为一个理由进一步解释，而第 1段最后一句话直接说明日本已经满足了经济发展的要求，很多年轻人不知道该往哪走，而 C项是作为日本青少年失去目标后的一个结果出现的，不是原因，因此 C项不正确，答案是 C项。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 19 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 1段：还记 得以前的那些岁月吗，当时，科学家认为吸烟会使我们丧命，而怀疑者则坚持认为我们不能肯定这种观点 ?反对吸烟的游说团体就要破坏我们的生活方式了，政府应该袖手旁观吗 ?据此可知，支持吸烟者认为，人们有权按照他们自己选择的生活方式生活。 C项与文章的意思相符。因此 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 20 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 2段。从中可知，全国科学协会的会长 Bruce Alberts在该小组的报告前言中附加了这个要点： “科学永远不会找到所有答案，但是，科学的确为我们提供了通 向未来的最有用的指引，我们的国家和整个世界依据由此做出的最佳判断来制定重要政策，这是至关重要的 这些判断是科学针对当前的行动所产生的未来后果能够为我们提供的。 ”据此
