1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 168及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On College Students Self-care Ability following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer She
2、et 1. 1目前不少高校学生的自理能力很差 2产生此种现象的原因是 3为了提高学生的自理能力，应该 On College Students Self-care Ability Section A （ A） Because those children could not prove they regularly ate there. （ B） Because most of those children are healthy. （ C） Because consumers knew the dangers of McDonalds products. （ D） Because some c
3、hildren are not really overweight. （ A） McDonalds food is not clean. （ B） McDonalds food price is too high. （ C） McDonalds food contains high fat. （ D） McDonalds environment is not safe. （ A） Raise the oil prize. （ B） Cut back production. （ C） Reduce global economic growth. （ D） Remain the same leve
4、l of output. （ A） To cut petroleum output. （ B） To fight against imperialism. （ C） To help his good friend. （ D） To promote the international exchanges. （ A） An attack launched by gunmen. （ B） A peace initiative before the attack. （ C） The damage to military hardware. （ D） A militant groups based in
5、 Pakistan. （ A） 4. （ B） 2. （ C） 6. （ D） 8. （ A） At dusk. （ B） At 3:30 am. （ C） On Monday morning. （ D） On Friday afternoon. Section B （ A） He is late for classes too often. （ B） He has missed too many classes. （ C） He has failed in the exam again. （ D） He is a trouble-maker at school. （ A） He has a
6、part-time job. （ B） He often oversleeps. （ C） He isnt ready for class. （ D） He is busy preparing exams. （ A） Students are going to take the final exam today. （ B） Its the last day Steve can drop the class with a full refund （ C） Students have to hand in their reports today. （ D） Its the final day St
7、eve can apply for a loan. （ A） Drop the class. （ B） Make up the missed lessons. （ C） Stop taking part-time job. （ D） Transfer to another school. （ A） The quality of goods and services has improved. （ B） Most people are reducing their consumption. （ C） Complaint channels are too limited. （ D） Many pe
8、ople dont bother to complain. （ A） Electrical appliances. （ B） Travel agencies. （ C） Photographic and sound equipment. （ D） Clothing. （ A） They account for the largest proportion. （ B） 90 per cent of them are reasonable. （ C） Most of them are for delayed air tickets. （ D） Few of them are for poor ac
9、commodation. （ A） Two weeks. （ B） Less than two weeks. （ C） Two to three weeks. （ D） More than three weeks. Section C （ A） They can help take pictures of cars on highways. （ B） They can help send fines to speedy motorists. （ C） They can help catch cars breaking traffic rules. （ D） They can help make
10、 the traffic run smoother. （ A） It takes pictures only. （ B） It can not do paperwork. （ C） It needs someone to issue fines. （ D） It takes pictures and does paperwork. （ A） It can help catch stolen cars. （ B） It can package food. （ C） It makes cars run faster. （ D） It gives information to the drivers
11、. （ A） There are 250 million plants eaten by insects. （ B） There are fewer plants than 250 million years ago. （ C） They have their way of guarding against insects. （ D） They have a better immune system than before. （ A） Using less insecticide. （ B） Giving the plants up. （ C） Spraying crops frequentl
12、y. （ D） Trying other insecticide. （ A） Changing the way of spraying crops. （ B） Buying some outdoor insect lamps. （ C） Using a combination of three insecticide. （ D） Trying to attract new insects onto the crops. （ A） They are supported by the local government. （ B） They are named after the cities wh
13、ere they live. （ C） Their players gathered from all over the country. （ D） They play professional basketball games in November only. （ A） During the summer months. （ B） During the spring months. （ C） During the winter months. （ D） During the autumn months. （ A） Basketball. （ B） Football. （ C） Baseba
14、ll. （ D） Golf. （ A） Both require strength and specialized skills. （ B） Both require height and responsibility. （ C） Both require enthusiasm and hard work. （ D） Both require flexibility and good health. Section A 26 Over the last two years, in the PC business Michael Dell has been beaten like a rente
15、d mule. His company continues to lose market【 C1】 _particularly in the U.S. Industry analysts would say that Dell has done a poor job of bringing out【 C2】_and attractive products. Apple Mac sales keep rising. HP, Sony, and Lenovo have【 C3】 _new product lines which have had warm【 C4】 _. Dells core bu
16、siness is being hit by three things. The first is that the company was fairly late at【 C5】 _into retail outlets(零售店 )overseas. It【 C6】 _on its direct sales model for too long. The second problem is that the recession has【 C7】_Dells sales. Dells final problem is that it cannot find the right people t
17、o run the company. It【 C8】 _dumped most of the senior management that it hired just over a year ago. It takes time for new people to get up to speed. Word has gotten out that Dell plans to launch its own high-end smartphone. Dell does not do well what it is supposed to do well. It has become a secon
18、d rate PC company. It proposes to partially offset that by entering a business which is controlled by Apple and RIM, the maker of the Blackberry. Because smartphone margins are high, Nokia, the world largest cellphone company, Samsung, and Sony Ericsson are also【 C9】_into the market. The traffic jam
19、 is going to be【 C10】 _. So Dell cant win in the handset business. What it ought to do is to try to improve its PC business. A)receptions E)targeting I)comprehensive M)expanding B)depended F)innovative J)recently N)consequently C)share G)launched K)rushing O)cut D)extraordinary H)declined L)expressi
20、ons 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Theres No Place Like Home AOn almost any night of the week, Churchills Restaurant is hopping. The 10-year-old hot spot in Rockville Centre, Long Island, is packed with locals drinking beer and
21、 eating burgers, with some customers spilling over onto the street. “We have lots of regularspeople who are recognized when they come in,“ says co-owner Kevin Culhane. In fact, regulars make up more than 80 percent of the restaurants customers. “People feel comfortable and safe here,“ Culhane says,
22、“This is their place.“ BThriving neighborhood restaurants are one small data point in a larger trend I call the new localism. The basic idea: the longer people stay in their homes and communities, the more they identify with those places, and the greater their commitment to helping local businesses
23、and institutions thrive, even in a downturn. Several factors are driving this process, including an aging population, suburbanization, the Internet, and an increased focus on family life. And even as the recession has begun to yield to recovery, our commitment to our local roots is only going to gro
24、w deeper. Evident before the recession, the new localism will shape how we live and work in the coming decades, and may even influence the course of our future politics. CPerhaps nothing will be as surprising about 21st-century America as its settledness. For more than a generation Americans have be
25、lieved that “spatial mobility“ would increase, and, as it did, feed a trend toward rootlessness and anomie(社会道德沦丧 ). In 2000, Harvards Robert Putnam made a point in Bowling Alone, in which he wrote about the “civic malaise“ he saw gripping the country. In Putnams view, society was being undermined,
26、largely due to suburbanization and what he called “the growth of mobility.“ DYet in reality Americans actually are becoming less nomadic(游牧的 ). As recently as the 1970s as many as one in five people moved annually: by 2006, long before the current recession took hold, that number was 14 percent, the
27、 lowest rate since the census(人口普查 )starting following movement in 1940. Since then tougher times have accelerated these trends, in large part because opportunities to sell houses and find new employment have dried up. In 2008, the total number of people changing residences was less than those who d
28、id so in 1962, when the country had 120 million fewer people. The stay-at-home trend appears particularly strong among aging boomers, who stay tied to their suburban homes close to family, friends, clubs, churches, and familiar surroundings. EThe trend will not bring back the comer grocery stores an
29、d the declining organizations bowling leagues, Boy Scouts, and such cited by Putnam and others as the traditional glue of American communities. Nor will our car-oriented suburbs copy the close neighborhood feel so celebrated by romantic urbanists. Instead, were evolving in ways fit for a postindustr
30、ial society. It will not spell the decline of Wal-Mart or Costco, but will express itself in scores of alternative institutions, such as thriving local weekly newspapers that have withstood the shift to the Internet far better than big-city dailies. FOur less mobile nature is already reshaping the c
31、orporate world. The kind of corporate mobility described in Peter Kilborns recent book, Next Stop, Reloville: Life Inside Americas Rootless Professional Class, in which families relocate every couple of years so the breadwinner can reach a higher step on the managerial ladder, will become less commo
32、n in years ahead. A smaller group of corporate executives may still move from place to place, but surveys reveal many executives are now unwilling to move even for a good promotion. Why? Family and technology are two key factors working against mobility, in the workplace and elsewhere. GFamily, as o
33、ne Pew researcher notes, “matters more than money when people make decisions about where to live.“ Interdependence is replacing independence. More parents are helping their children financially well into their 30s and 40s: the numbers of “boomerang kids“ moving back home with their parents, has also
34、 been growing as job options and the ability to buy houses has decreased for the young. Recent surveys of the emerging generation suggest this family-centric focus will last well into the coming decades. HNothing allows for geographic choice more than the ability to work at home. Demographer(人口学家 )W
35、endell Cox suggests there will be more people working electronically at home full time than taking mass transportation, making it the largest potential source of energy savings on transportation. In the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles, almost one in 10 workers is a part-time telecommuter. Som
36、e studies indicate that more than one quarter of the U.S. workforce could eventually participate in this new work pattern. Even IBM, whose initials were once jokingly said to stand for “Ive Been Moved,“ has changed its approach. About 40 percent of the companys workers now labor at home or remotely
37、from a clients location. IThese home-based workers become critical to the local economy. They will eat in local restaurants, attend fairs and festivals, take their kids to soccer practices, ballet lessons, or religious youth-group meetings. This is not merely a suburban phenomenon: localism also mea
38、ns a stronger sense of identity for urban neighborhoods as well as smaller towns. JCould the new localism also affect our future politics? Throughout our history, we have always preferred our politics more on the home-cooked side. On his visit to America in the early 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville was
39、 struck by the decentralized nature of the country. “The intelligence and the power are spread abroad,“ he wrote, “and instead of radiating from a point, they cross each other in every direction.“ KThis is much the same today. The majority of Americans still live in a combination of smaller towns an
40、d cities, including many suburban towns within large metropolitan regions. After decades of hurried mobility, we are seeing a return to placeness, along with more choices for individuals, families, and communities. For entrepreneurs like Kevin Culhane and his workers at Churchills, its a phenomenon
41、that may also offer a lease on years of new profits. “Were holding our own in these times because we appeal to the people around here,“ Culhane says. And as places like Long Island become less bedroom community and more round-the-clock location for work and play, hes likely to have plenty of hungry
42、customers. 37 When visiting the US in the early 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville found that the country had the nature of decentralization. 38 The stay-at-home trends have accelerated since 2006 mainly because it was harder to sell houses and find jobs. 39 Putnam believed that suburbanization and growin
43、g mobility were undermining the society. 40 Most customers of Churchills Restaurant are old customers. 41 The tendency of settledness will result in prosperity of local newspapers. 42 A demographer predicates that more people will take full-time jobs at home. 43 With the economic recovery, new local
44、ism tends to become stronger. 44 The changes from bedroom community to round-the-clock location in some places make profits for local economy. 45 With the fading of hurried mobility, placeness is returning, providing more choices for individuals, families and communities. 46 As is described in a rec
45、ent book, people relocate constantly to get a promotion. Section C 46 We may all like to consider ourselves free spirits. But a study of the traces left by 50,000 cellphone users over three months has conclusively proved that the truth is otherwise. “We are all in one way or another boring,“ says Al
46、bert-Laszlo Barabasi at the Center for Complex Network Research at Northeastern University in Boston, who co-wrote the study. “Spontaneous individuals are largely absent from the population.“ Barabasi and colleagues used three months worth of data from a cellphone network to track the cellphone towe
47、rs each persons phone connected to each hour of the day, revealing their approximate location. They conclude that regardless of whether a person typically remains close to home or roams far and wide, their movements are theoretically predictable as much as 93 per cent of the time. Surprisingly, the
48、cellphone data showed that individuals movements were more or less as predictable at weekends as on weekdays, suggesting that routine is rooted in human nature rather than being an effect of work patterns. The cellphone records were processed to identify the most visited locations for each user. The
49、n the probability of finding a given user at his or her most visited locations at each hour through the day was calculated. People were to be found in their most visited location for any given hour 70 per cent of the time. Not surprisingly, the figure increased at night, and decreased at lunchtime and in the early evening, when most people were returning home from work. The team analysed the randomness(随意性 )of peoples traces to show it was theoretically possi
