1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 52及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of challenging yourself You should write at least 120 words bu
2、t no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） Judge and lawyer. （ B） Bank clerk and customer. （ C） Policeman and witness. （ D） Lawyer and client. （ A） Disappointed. （ B） Happy. （ C） Regretful. （ D） Sad. （ A） He has to handle a lot of work. （ B） There will be a lot of people and cars on the streets. （ C）
3、It is going to be cloudy this weekend. （ D） He doesnt like driving a car. （ A） Its beautiful. （ B） Its too old. （ C） Its comfortable. （ D） Its luxurious. （ A） She can give the man her notes for reference. （ B） She can take notes for the man. （ C） She can lend the man pencil and paper. （ D） She can l
4、end the man some money to buy pencil and paper. （ A） Tuesday. （ B） Wednesday. （ C） Thursday. （ D） Friday. （ A） She will no longer get letters from Canada. （ B） She cant give the stamps to the mans sister. （ C） She will save the stamps for the mans sister. （ D） She has given the stamps to the mans ro
5、ommates. （ A） Went to England. （ B） Saw a doctor. （ C） Visited his friend. （ D） Stayed at home. （ A） A study that their chemistry professor did. （ B） A class that the woman is taking. （ C） A chemistry assignment. （ D） A job possibility. （ A） She wants to earn extra money. （ B） She wants to get pract
6、ical experience. （ C） She wants to quit her job in the chemistry lab. （ D） Shes interested in becoming a psychology major. （ A） Help them with their studies. （ B） Employ them as lab assistants. （ C） Teach classes at their high school. （ D） Pay them for participating in the study. （ A） Write their la
7、b reports. （ B） Finish their chemistry experiment. （ C） Find out Professor Smiths schedule. （ D） Interview some high school students. （ A） An annual cycling event. （ B） Major Canadian bicycle races. （ C） The contribution of cycling to health. （ D） How to increase ones speed in a bicycle race. （ A） T
8、he length of the course. （ B） The route the cyclists take. （ C） The number of participants. （ D） The month in which the tour is held. （ A） Have lunch before the tour. （ B） Drink water at the relay stations. （ C） Bring water and lunch with them. （ D） Bring candy and chocolate to improve energy. Secti
9、on B （ A） Because it is really tough for parents to enforce bedtime. （ B） Because it is biologically difficult for students to rise early. （ C） Because students work so late at night that they cant get up early. （ D） Because students are so lazy that they dont like to go to school early. （ A） Adoles
10、cents sleep better than they did at childhood. （ B） Adolescents have to choose their sleep patterns. （ C） Adolescents need more sleep than they used to. （ D） Adolescents depend more on their parents. （ A） Adolescent health care. （ B） Adolescent sleep difficulties. （ C） Problems in adolescent learnin
11、g. （ D） Changes in adolescent sleep needs and patterns. （ A） Banking. （ B） Food business. （ C） Transportation. （ D） Automobile industry. （ A） 135,000. （ B） 350000 （ C） 515,000. （ D） 531000 （ A） Food selling. （ B） Food growing. （ C） Food distribution. （ D） Food manufacturing. （ A） They worry about sc
12、hool. （ B） They dislike living with their parents. （ C） They have to be locked in to avoid troubles. （ D） They quarrel a lot with other family members. （ A） They dont want to make family decisions. （ B） They dont want to share family responsibility. （ C） They dont want to go boating with their famil
13、y. （ D） They dont want to cause trouble in their families. （ A） They give their children more freedom. （ B） They care less about their childrens life. （ C） They are much stricter with their children. （ D） They go to clubs more often with their children. （ A） Negotiation in family. （ B） Education in
14、family. （ C） Harmony in family. （ D） Teenage trouble in family. Section C 26 When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or does not【 B1】_the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the【 B2】 _at the store. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, i
15、f it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and【 B3】_method used by many consumers is to complain【 B4】 _to the store manager. In general, the “higher up“ the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such
16、a case, it is usually settled in the consumers【 B5】 _, if he or she has a just claim. Consumers should go to the store of purchase to complain whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the store, it【 B6】_phone or write the complaint in a letter. Complaining is usually most【 B7】_when it is done po
17、litely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can show what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making【 B8】 _statements. The store manager may advise the consumer to wr
18、ite to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the【 B9】 _result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a public
19、organisation【 B10】 _protecting consumers rights. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Young people in the United States are falling behind their overseas peers in reading, maths and science, President Barack Obama said on Saturday, c
20、alling education reform an essential part of economic recovery. In his weekly radio and video address, Obama said as many as a quarter of American students are not【 C1】 _high school and far too few young people are getting college degrees. “It is an【 C2】 _fact that countries who out-educate us today
21、 will out-compete us tomorrow. Businesses will hire wherever the highly skilled, highly trained workers are located,“ the Democrat said. “We have to【 C3】 _up our game and raise our standards.“ With the 2012 campaign for the US presidency heating up, Obama is speaking【 C4】_often about education, a ke
22、y issue for his political base. His $447 billion job creation plan includes money for hiring teachers and school repairs, and on Friday he announced a【 C5】 _of “No Child Left Behind“, a decade-old education measure introduced by former President George W. Bush that seeks to hold schools【 C6】 _for st
23、udents performance. “No Child“ has been widely【 C7】 _for being inflexible, requiring teachers to adhere to a narrow curriculum【 C8】 _mostly at ensuring that students pass standardised tests. “Experience has taught us that the law has some serious【 C9】 _that are hurting our children instead of helpin
24、g them,“ Obama said, making plain that education will be one of his key【 C10】 _issues into the vote in 2012. “These problems have been obvious to parents and educators all over this country for years. But for years, Congress has failed to fix them. So now, I will,“ he said. A)loosening I)undeniable
25、B)criticised J)targeted C)campaign K)flaws D)conversely L)accountable E)necessity M)pick F)graduating N)acceptable G)break O)finishing H)increasingly 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Exercise to Protect Aging Bodies and Brains A)
26、We all know that exercise is good for you. Staying physically active helps keep your heart healthy and your muscles strong, and in cancer patients it has even been shown to ward off relapse(复发 ). Now a series of independently conducted studies on the effects of exercise on healthy older adults, publ
27、ished in the Archives of Internal Medicine, confirms that logging time at the gym not only helps maintain good health but may even prevent the attack of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, osteoarthritis and dementia. B)In one surprising trial, researchers led by Dr Teresa Liu-Ambrose at the Un
28、iversity of British Columbia randomly assigned 155 aging women to three separate groups and directly compared the cognitive effects of two types of exercise: resistance training, done once or twice weekly, in which participants worked out with free weights and weight machines and did squats and lung
29、es, versus toning and balance exercises, which participants did twice a week. C)By the end of the yearlong study, the women who weight-trained saw an improvement in their performance on cognitive tests of memory and learning as well as in executive functions such as decision-making and conflict reso
30、lution women who trained once a week improved their scores in executive functioning by 12.6% while those who did balance and toning exercises showed no such improvement. The muscle-strengthening exercise also helped the volunteers, ages 65 to 75, boost their walking speed, a commonly used indicator
31、of overall health status in the elderly, as faster pace has been linked with lower mortality. D)The Canadian researchers findings were somewhat unexpected, given that previous studies on the issue have typically focused on aerobic exercise, which experts believe enhances cognitive function by promot
32、ing blood flow to the brain. Liu-Ambrose says her team speculated that anaerobic weight training would have a similar effect for other reasons. First, a resistance-training regimen requires a considerable amount of learning, especially for elderly people who may not be accustomed to the equipment. T
33、o learn how to use dumbbells, a leg press or a latissimus pull-down machine correctly, for example, the volunteers were required to focus on the task at hand, master new techniques and retain new information about proper and safe use of equipment. Previous studies have shown that such learning can h
34、elp older adults maintain mental acuity. E)The women also had to remember their weight settings and adjustments to the seats and keep track of the number of repetitions they completed, says Liu-Ambrose. “There is a lot more learning involved that may not occur if you take up a walking program,“ she
35、says, noting that it took the volunteers a good two months to get comfortable with the equipment and the training regimen. In addition, Liu-Ambrose says, other studies have found that people who weight-train show an increase in blood levels of a growth factor that is important for maintaining skelet
36、al mass. This factor, it turns out, also promotes nerve growth, which could be another way that resistance training boosts mental function. F)In a second brain-function study, published in the same journal, scientists in Germany found that increased physical activity was associated with a lower inci
37、dence of dementia. In this study, researchers recruited 3,485 elderly residents in Bavaria and asked them about their physical activity. None of the participants had dementia at the start of the analysis, but after two years of follow-up, researchers found that those who exercised at least three tim
38、es a week were half as likely to have developed dementia, compared with the people who reported no physical activity. Based on his results, says lead author Dr Thorleif Etgen, a professor of psychiatry and psychotherapy at Munchen University, “it doesnt make a big difference if you have moderate or
39、high physical activity. The important message is that you do any activity. And even if you start late in life, at 60 or 70, there is a benefit, for its never too late to start exercising.“ G)The key words are “moderate or high“, according to another study that was published in the Archives of Intern
40、al Medicine. Dr Qi Sun, a researcher at Harvard School of Public Health, analyzed 13,000 women participating in the Nurses Health Study and found that when it came to exercise, more was better. Compared with women who jogged for 20 minutes a week, those who jogged three hours a week or walked briskl
41、y for five hours a week were 76% more likely to age successfully, free of chronic illnesses such as cancer and heart disease, as well as mental and physical impairment. Suns group found that this benefit occurred across all weight divisions, meaning that even among those who were overweight or obese
42、, women who exercised improved their odds of aging without chronic disease. The effects may apply across different age groups as well; the women were at least 60 years old by the time they enrolled in the study, and while Sun was not able to determine how long they had been exercising prior to that,
43、 the results suggest that the health benefits are not limited to the young. H)That was the same message of the final exercise paper in the journal, by researchers at University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany. In this trial, a group of 246 elderly women were randomly assigned to an 18-month exercis
44、e regimen or wellness program. The women participating in the four-times-weekly exercise sessions, which involved aerobics and balance and muscle training, improved their bone mineral density by nearly 2%. The women in the wellness group, which focused on walking, muscle relaxation and breathing ski
45、lls, had a 0.33% increase in bone mineral density over the same time period. I)Despite the positive evidence, however, not all researchers are ready to suggest that exercise is a sure-fire prescription against mental decline or chronic disease in healthy people. To make that claim, a large, longer-t
46、erm, controlled trial would be needed, in which participants are randomly assigned to exercise or not, and are then followed for the development of chronic conditions such as cancer, heart disease or dementia. Still, says Dr Marco Pahor, director of the Institute on Aging at the University of Florid
47、a and author of a commentary on the studies appearing in the journal, “if you pool all the evidence together, the benefits of exercise seem promising.“ 47 Experts believe that the aerobic exercises raise peoples cognitive function by stimulating blood blow to brain. 48 Learning of using the resistan
48、ce-training equipment is good for the elderly people in that it can keep their mind acute. 49 According to the studies published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, exercise can keep the healthy elderly from getting some chronic diseases. 50 The result of Liu-Ambrose and his partners research abou
49、t the cognitive effects of two kinds of exercise on aging women shows that resistance training is good for promoting cognitive function 51 In Liu-Ambroses research, muscle-strengthening exercises increased the walking speed of volunteers aged 65-75. 52 In Dr Marco Pahors opinion, according to all evidence provided, it proves that exercise can bring promising benefits. 53 According to the research done by University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, diffe
