1、Designation: C94/C94M 14aStandard Specification forReady-Mixed Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C94/C94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese
2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as de-fined in 3.2.2.
3、 Requirements for quality of concrete shall beeither as hereinafter specified or as specified by the purchaser.In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ fromthese in this specification, the purchasers specification shallgovern. This specification does not cover the placement,consoli
4、dation, curing, or protection of the concrete afterdelivery to the purchaser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets,or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used in
5、dependently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturerproduces ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser buys ready-mixed concrete.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
6、which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of th
7、is standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementi-tious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns toskin and tissue upon prolonged use.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standa
8、rds:3C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Densi
9、ty (Unit Weight), Yield,and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-creteC173/C173M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Volum
10、etric MethodC231/C231M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates forStructural ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC56
11、7/C567M Test Method for Determining Density ofStructural Lightweight ConcreteC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-ShieldingConcrete1This specifi
12、cation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published July 2014. Originally approvedin 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C
13、94/C94M 14. DOI:10.1520/C0094_C0094M-14A.2See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
14、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C989/C989M Specificati
15、on for Slag Cement for Use inConcrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forUse in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Con
16、struction and Criteria forTesting Agency EvaluationC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for HydraulicCementC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slum
17、p Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete2.2 ACI Documents:4211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions forNormal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Struc-tural Lightweight Concrete301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete305R Guide to Ho
18、t Weather Concreting306R Guide to Cold Weather Concreting318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concreteand Commentary2.3 Other Documents:5NIST 105-1 National Institute of Standards and TechnologyHandbook3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terms used in this specification aredefined in Terminolo
19、gy C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 concrete, central-mixed, nready-mixed concretemixed completely in a stationary mixer.3.2.2 concrete, ready-mixed, nconcrete manufactured anddelivered to a purchaser in a fresh state.3.2.3 concrete, shrink-mixed, nready-mixed concrete p
20、ar-tially mixed in a stationary mixer with mixing completed in atruck mixer.3.2.4 concrete, truck-mixed, nready-mixed concrete com-pletely mixed in a truck mixer.4. Basis of Purchase4.1 The basis of purchase shall be a cubic yard or cubicmetre of fresh concrete as discharged from the transportationu
21、nit.4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall bedetermined from the total mass of the batch divided by thedensity of the concrete. The total mass of the batch shall bedetermined as the net mass of the concrete in the batch asdelivered, including the total mixing water as defined in 9.3
22、.The density shall be determined in accordance with TestMethod C138/C138M. The yield shall be determined as theaverage of at least three measurements, one from each of threedifferent transportation units sampled in accordance withPractice C172/C172M.NOTE 1It should be understood that the volume of h
23、ardened concretemay be, or appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlementof wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the producer.5. Materials5.1 In the absence of designated applicable materialsspec
24、ifications, the following materials specifications shall beused:5.2 Cementitious Materials:5.2.1 Hydraulic CementHydraulic cement shall conformto Specification C150/C150M, Specification C595/C595M,orSpecification C1157/C1157M.5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious MaterialsCoal fly ashor natural pozzolans
25、 shall conform to Specification C618. Slagcement shall conform to Specification C989/C989M. Silicafume shall conform to Specification C1240.5.3 AggregatesNormal weight aggregates shall conformto Specification C33/C33M. Lightweight aggregates shall con-form to Specification C330/C330M and heavyweight
26、 aggre-gates shall conform to Specification C637.5.4 WaterWater shall conform to Specification C1602/C1602M.5.5 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admixturesshall conform to Specification C260/C260M (Note 2).5.6 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shall con-form to either Specification C494/
27、C494M or C1017/C1017Mas applicable (Note 2).NOTE 2In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining,accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range ofdosages should be allowed which will permit obtaining the desired effect.NOTE 3Interchanging kinds, characteristics, ty
28、pes, classes, or gradesof the materials permitted in ready-mixed concrete may produce concreteof different properties.6. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence of designated applicable generalspecifications, the purchaser shall specify the following:6.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggrega
29、te,6.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desired at the point of delivery (seeSection 7 for acceptable tolerances),6.1.3 Slump flow, or flows, desired at the point of delivery(see Section 7 for acceptable tolerances),6.1.4 When air-entrained concrete is specified, the air con-tent of the samples taken at the poin
30、t of discharge from thetransportation unit (see Section 8 and Table 1 for the total aircontent and tolerances) (Note 5),4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.5NIST Handbook 105-1 (revised 1990), “Specifications and To
31、lerances forReference Standards and Field Standard Weights and Measures-1. Specificationsand Tolerances for Field Standard Weights (NIST Class F),” National Institute ofStandards and Technology., U.S. Dept. of Commerce, http:/www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/upload/105-1.pdf.C94/C94M 14a26.1.5 Which of Options
32、A, B, or C shall be used as a basisfor determining the proportions of the concrete to produce therequired quality,6.1.6 When structural lightweight concrete is specified, themass per unit volume as wet mass, air-dry mass, or oven-drymass (Note 6), and6.1.7 If desired, any of the optional requirement
33、s of Table 2in Specification C1602/C1602M.6.1.8 Purchaser shall state any drum revolution limit as towhen the concrete discharge must begin. If no drum revolutionlimit is stated by purchaser, the manufacturer shall determineand communicate the limit to the purchaser prior to delivery.NOTE 4An exampl
34、e of a drum revolution limit would be “XXX”revolutions.6.2 If the type, kind, or class of cementitious materials in5.2.1 and 5.2.2 are not designated by the purchaser, it ispermitted to use cementitious materials in concrete mixturesthat will satisfy the concrete properties and other requirementsof
35、the purchaser as ordered.NOTE 5In selecting the specified air content, the purchaser shouldconsider the exposure conditions to which the concrete will be subjected.Air contents less than shown in Table 1 may not give the requiredresistance to freezing and thawing, which is the primary purpose ofair-
36、entrained concrete. Air contents higher than the levels shown mayreduce strength without contributing any further improvement of durabil-ity.NOTE 6The mass per unit volume of fresh concrete, which is the onlyunit mass determinable at the time of delivery, is always higher than theair-dry or oven-dry
37、 mass. Definitions of, and methods for determining orcalculating air-dry and oven-dry masses, are covered by Test MethodC567/C567M.6.3 Option A:6.3.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume full responsibility for the selection of the proportionsfor the concrete mixture (Note 7), the p
38、urchaser shall alsospecify the following:6.3.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as deter-mined on samples taken from the transportation unit at thepoint of discharge evaluated in accordance with Section 18.The purchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of thecompressive strength of sta
39、ndard specimens cured under stan-dard laboratory conditions for moist curing (see Section 18).Unless otherwise specified the age at test shall be 28 days.NOTE 7The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which heassumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements forworkability, placea
40、bility, durability, surface texture, and density, in addi-tion to those for structural design. The purchaser is referred to StandardPractice ACI 211.1 and Standard Practice ACI 211.2 for the selection ofproportions that will result in concrete suitable for various types ofstructures and conditions o
41、f exposure. The water-cement ratio of moststructural lightweight concretes cannot be determined with sufficientaccuracy for use as a specification basis.6.3.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser, gi
42、ving the dry masses of cement and saturatedsurface-dry-masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities,type, and name of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubicyard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in themanufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.He shall also f
43、urnish evidence satisfactory to the purchaser thatthe materials to be used and proportions selected will produceconcrete of the quality specified.6.4 Option B:6.4.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for theproportioning of the concrete mixture, he shall also specify thefollowing:6.4.1.1 Ceme
44、nt content in pounds per cubic yard kilogramsper cubic metre of concrete,6.4.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in gallons percubic yard litres per cubic metre of concrete, includingsurface moisture on the aggregates, but excluding water ofabsorption (Note 7), and6.4.1.3 If admixtures are required,
45、 the type, name, anddosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reducedwhen admixtures are used under this option without the writtenapproval of the purchaser.6.4.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the
46、purchaser giving the sources, densities, and sieveanalyses of the aggregates and the dry masses of cement andsaturated-surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate andquantities, type and name of admixture (if any) and of waterper cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used inthe manu
47、facture of each class of concrete ordered by thepurchaser.6.5 Option C:6.5.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume responsibility for the selection of the proportions forthe concrete mixture with the minimum allowable cementcontent specified (Note 8), the purchaser shall also specify
48、 thefollowing:6.5.1.1 Required compressive strength as determined onsamples taken from the transportation unit at the point ofdischarge evaluated in accordance with Section 18. The pur-chaser shall specify the requirements for strength in terms ofTABLE 1 Recommended Total Air Content for Air-Entrain
49、ed ConcreteA,BTotal Air Content, %ExposureConditionCNominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregate, in. mm38 9.512 12.534 19.0 1 25.0 112 37.5 2 50.0 3 75.0Mild 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5Moderate 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5Severe 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5AFor air-entrained concrete, when specified.BUnless exposure conditions dictate otherwise, it is permissible to reduce air contents recommended above by up to 1 % for concretes with specified compressivestrength, fc, of 5000 psi 35 MPa or above.CFor description of exposure conditions, refer to
