1、Designation: D1171 18Standard Test Method forRubber DeteriorationSurface Ozone Cracking Outdoors(Triangular Specimens)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method permits
3、the estimation of the relativeability of rubber compounds used for applications requiringresistance to outdoor weathering.1.2 This test method is not applicable to materials ordinarilyclassed as hard rubber, but is adaptable to molded or extrudedsoft rubber materials and sponge rubber for use in win
4、dowweatherstripping as well as similar automotive applications.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and dete
5、r-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendat
6、ions issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D518 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceCracking (Withdrawn 2007)3NOTE 1The procedures in Test Method D518 have been incorporatedas Procedures B1, B2, and B3 in T
7、est Methods D1149.D1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCracking inan Ozone Controlled Environment3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Procedures are given for preparing triangular cross-section specimens, for mounting them in strained conditionaround specified circular mandrels, and for rating the eff
8、ect ofexposure as evidenced by the appearance of surface cracks.The type, time, temperature, and other conditions of exposureare not given but shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and theseller and shall be completely described in the test reports.3.2 Two techniques are described, the exposure rati
9、ng andthe quality-retention rating.4. Significance and Use4.1 Molded or extruded rubber products must withstand theeffects of ozone cracking and outdoor weathering for satisfac-tory use. This test enables a simple comparison of performanceto be made under specified test conditions in an outdoor test
10、.No direct correlation between test performance and serviceperformance can be claimed due to the wide range of serviceconditions.5. Apparatus5.1 Mounting MandrelA wood mandrel 50 mm (2 in.) inoutside diameter, suitably coated with spar varnish or a clearlacquer. The mandrel may be supported by any c
11、onvenientmethod.5.2 Fastening WireEnameled copper wire, stainless steelwire, or other suitable fastener known to be unaffected byozone and not negatively interact with the specimen.6. Test Specimen6.1 The triangular cross-section test specimen shall be amolded, extruded, or sponge section with a con
12、tinuous skin orsurface layer, 250 mm (10 in.) long, and cured in a straightposition. The cross-sectional dimensions shall be as shown inFig. 1. Duplicate specimens shall be tested.6.2 It is recommended that the manufacturer observe aminimum rest period of 24 h between compound mixing andcompound pre
13、paration, and a minimum rest period of12 h1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand Rubber-like Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.15on Degradation Tests.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapprov
14、ed in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D1171 161. DOI:10.1520/D1171-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
15、 page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally r
16、ecognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1between compound preparation and curing when preparingspecim
17、ens. The finish of the specimens shall be as smooth aspossible.METHOD AEXPOSURE RATING7. Procedure7.1 Mounting of SpecimensPlace bench marks on eachspecimen with a crayon, 190 mm (7.5 in.) apart and 32 mm(1.25 in.) from the ends. Form the specimens into a loop byplacing the 19-mm (0.75-in.) sides to
18、gether and tying securelywith wire at the bench marks. Slip the complete loop over themandrel. Place as many specimens on the mandrels as length ofmandrel will permit.7.2 Exposure of Specimens:7.2.1 Conditioning Period:7.2.1.1 Outdoor ExposureAfter the specimens aremounted allow them to condition fo
19、r 70 to 72 h at roomtemperature in an ozone free atmosphere. Do not touch thelooped part after mounting until the test is completed.7.2.2 Angle and Direction and Positioning of ExposuresIncline specimens exposed outdoors so that the portion of theloop diametrically opposite the tied ends shall face
20、south at anangle of 45 with the horizontal as shown in Fig. 2.7.2.3 Test Conditions:7.2.3.1 Outdoor ExposureThe type, time, temperature,and other essential conditions of exposure shall be agreed uponby the purchaser and the seller.7.3 Rating of Exposed SpecimensWhen the specified ex-posure period is
21、 completed, examine the specimens beforeremoval from the mandrel, and evaluate the degree of crackingby comparison with the reference standards shown in Fig. 3using a 2-power headgear binocular magnifier or equivalent. Ifthe size of the cracks at 2 magnification is less than thoseshown on one photog
22、raph but greater than those shown on thenext lower rating picture, give the lower rating.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Description of the specimen, giving the identificationnumber of compound and vulcanization data, if known, includ-ing date,8.1.2 Date of start of exposure, and
23、 complete informationdescribing conditions of exposure,8.1.3 Rating number of exposed specimens, and8.1.4 If desired, a photograph at 2 magnification.METHOD BQUALITY-RETENTION RATING9. Procedure9.1 If it is desired to apply a quality-retention rating valuebased on three observations of crack rating
24、taken at threesuccessive time intervals of exposure, use the followingprocedure:9.1.1 Prepare the test specimens as described in Section 6,and mount and expose as described in 7.1 and 7.2 except thatthe time of exposure shall be six weeks. Other periods ofoutdoor exposure may be used if agreed upon
25、by producer andconsumer. Make the crack rating as described in 7.3 everysecond week or at three equal intervals. This will give threeratings.9.1.2 The three crack-growth ratings shall be put together togive a three-digit number and Table 1 then used to find thepercent quality retention. The three-di
26、git crack-growth numberin the crack-growth column corresponds to the quality reten-tion in the right-hand column.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Description of the specimen, giving the identificationnumber of the compound and date of vulcanization,10.1.2 Date of start of expos
27、ure and complete informationdescribing condition of exposure,10.1.3 Crack rating number composed of three digits repre-senting three readings taken each two weeks for six weeks ortaken at three equal intervals, and10.1.4 Quality-retention value in percent.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Both the exposure
28、 rating and the quality-retentionrating are essentially rank order or qualitative comparisonmethods. Precision as normally expressed for quantitative-measurement test methods is not directly applicable.FIG. 1 Cross-Sectional Dimension of Test SpecimensFIG. 2 Outdoor Exposure of Test SpecimenD1171 18
29、212. Keywords12.1 crack growth; cracking; ozone; ozone cracking; surfacecrack; triangular; weatheringASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that det
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32、at your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints
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34、ght Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 0 Rating 1 Rating 2 Rating 3FIG. 3 Ratings for Weathering Tests of Rubber Compounds (Specimens mounted on mandrel) (2)TABLE 1 Quality Retention RatingCrack Growth Quality Retention, %000 100001 95011 90111 85002 80012 75112 70022 65122 60222 55003 45013 40113 35023 30123 25223 20033 15133 10233 5333 0D1171 183
