1、Designation: D 1776 04Standard Practice forConditioning and Testing Textiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the conditioning and testing oftextiles in those
3、instances where such conditioning is specifiedin a test method. Because prior exposure of textiles to high orlow humidity may affect the equilibrium moisture pick-up, aprocedure also is given for preconditioning the material whenspecified.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsa
4、re to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The valuesstated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in nonconformancewit
5、h the specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to
6、 use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 578 Specification for Glass Fiber StrandsD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and ElectricalInsulating Materials for TestingD 885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, andIndustrial Filament Yarns a
7、nd Cords Made from Man-Made Organic-Base FibersD 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for TestingD 4920 Terminology Relating to Moisture in TextilesE 337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity With a Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-perature)2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 139 Textiles St
8、andard Atmosphere for Conditioningand Testing33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 moisture content, nthat part of the total mass of amaterial that is absorbed or adsorbed water, expressed as apercentage of the total mass.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe total mass is the original masscomprising the dry substan
9、ce plus any water present. The wordwater as used in these definitions refers to the compoundchemically defined as H2O. The terms water and moisturefrequently are used interchangeably in the literature and thetrade, but the term moisture is sometimes considered to includeother volatile material.3.1.2
10、 moisture equilibrium, nthe condition reached by amaterial when it no longer takes up moisture from, or gives upmoisture to, the surrounding atmosphere.3.1.2.1 DiscussionSuperficial equilibrium with the film ofair in contact with the textile material is reached very rapidly.Moisture equilibrium can
11、be reached in a reasonable time onlyif the air to which the sample is exposed is in motion. Moistureequilibrium with the air in motion is considered to be realizedwhen successive weighings do not show a progressive changein mass greater than the tolerance established for various textilematerials.3.1
12、.3 moisture equilibrium, for preconditioning, nthemoisture condition reached by a sample or specimen afterexposure to moving air in the standard atmosphere for precon-ditioning.3.1.4 moisture equilibrium, for testing, n the conditionreached by a sample or specimen during free exposure tomoving air c
13、ontrolled at specified conditions.3.1.4.1 DiscussionFor test purposes, moisture equilib-rium must be reached by adsorption, starting from a relativelymoisture content. Moisture equilibrium for testing is consid-ered as having been reached when the rate of increase in massof a sample or specimen does
14、 not exceed that specified for thematerial being tested.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioning and, Chemicaland Thermal Properties.Current edition approvedMarch 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Or
15、iginallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D177698.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer tot he standards Document summary page onth
16、e ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd Street, 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.5 precondition, vto bring a sample or specimen of atextile to
17、a relatively low moisture content (approximateequilibrium an atmosphere between 5 and 25% relative humid-ity) prior to conditioning in a controlled atmosphere for testing.3.1.6 standard atmosphere for preconditioning textiles,na set of controlled conditions having a temperature not over50C (122F), w
18、ith respective tolerances of 61C (62F), anda relative humidity of 5-25% 6 2 % for the selected humiditythat drying can be achieved prior to conditioning in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles.3.1.7 standard atmosphere for testing textiles,nlaboratory conditions for testing fibers, yarns, and
19、 fabrics inwhich air temperature and relative humidity are maintained atspecific levels with established tolerances. See Table 1.3.1.7.1 DiscussionTextile materials are used in a numberof specific end use application that frequently require differenttesting temperatures and relative humidities. Spec
20、ific condi-tioning and testing of textiles for end product requirements canbe carried out using Table 1 in Practice D 1776.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Samples or specimens requiring preconditioning arebrought to a relatively low moisture content in a specifiedatmosphere. Samples or specimens requiring
21、 conditioning arebrought to moisture equilibrium for testing in the standardatmosphere for testing textiles, or when required, as shown inTable 1.5. Significance and Use5.1 The conditioning prescribed in this practice is designedto obtain reproducible results on textiles and textile products.Results
22、 of tests obtained on these materials under uncontrolledatmosphere conditions may not be comparable with each other.In general, many of the physical properties of textiles andtextile products are influenced by relative humidity and tem-perature in a manner that affects the results of the tests. Toma
23、ke reliable comparisons among different textile materialsand products, and among different laboratories, it is necessaryto standardize the humidity and temperature conditions towhich the textile material or product is subjected prior to, andduring, testing.6. Apparatus6.1 Conditioning Room or Chambe
24、r, consisting of:6.1.1 Equipment for maintaining the standard atmospherefor testing textiles throughout the room or chamber within thetolerances given in Table 1 and including facilities for circu-lating air over all surfaces of the exposed sample or specimenand6.1.2 Equipment for recording the temp
25、erature and relativehumidity of the air in the conditioning room or chamber.6.2 Psychrometer, Ventilated by Aspiration, or a similarmeasuring device, which is accurate to 61C (62F), forchecking the recorded relative humidity, as directed in TestMethod E 337.6.3 Preconditioning Cabinet, Room, or Suit
26、able Container,equipped with apparatus for maintaining the standard atmo-sphere for preconditioning throughout the cabinet, room, orother container within the tolerance given in 3.1.6.6.4 Balance, having a sensitivity of one part in 1000 of themass of the specimen.6.5 Multiple Shelf Conditioning Rac
27、k,4,5for spreading outsamples and specimens.7. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration7.1 Set-up procedures for the preconditioning and condi-tioning room or chamber from different manufacturers mayvary. Prepare and verify calibration of the temperature andrelative humidity recording devices a
28、s directed in the manu-facturers instructions.7.2 Verify calibration of the temperature and relative hu-midity recording devices in the testing room as directed in theequipment manufacturers instructions.7.2.1 The temperature and relative humidity indicated onthe control point or on a recorder locat
29、ed away from thespecimen may not be representative of a localized condition atthe specimen because of local effects or deficiency in circula-tion of air that may take place in an enclosure or room.Tolerances at a controller usually must be smaller than thoserequired at the specimen.4Drawings of the
30、passive conditioning rack may be obtained from the AmericanAssociation of Chemists and Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park,NC 27709-2215.5A suitable rapid conditioning system may be constructed in the laboratory. See“Earnest, D. W., 1996, Advancements in USDA Cotton Classing Facilitie
31、s, Proceed-ings 1996, Beltwide Cotton Conferences, pp. 16511654,” and “Knowiton, J. I., andAlldredge, R. K., 1994, A New Method for Accelerating Cotton Sample Condition-ing in Cotton Classing Offces, Proceedings 1994, Beltwide Cotton Conferences, pp.582584.” Suitable self-contained rapid conditionin
32、g units are available from atleast two commercial sources.TABLE 1 Standard Atmospheres for Testing Various MaterialsMaterial Temperature Relative Humidity % ASTM StandardTextiles, general, other than nonwoven,tire cords and glass fiber21 6 1C (70 6 2F) 65 6 2 D 1776Nonwovens (includes paper) 23 6 1C
33、 (73.4 6 1.8F) 50 6 2 D 1776Plastics and electrical insulatingmaterials23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) 50 6 5 D 618Glass fiber products:Plastic applications 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) 50 6 5 D 618Textile applications 21 6 1C (70 6 2C) 65 6 5 D 1776Tire cords:Rayon 24 6 2C (75 6 3.6F) 55 6 2 D 885Polyester, Aramid,
34、 Nylon 24 6 2C (75 6 3.6F) 55 6 5 D 885D 1776 0427.3 Determine the temperature and relative humidity of theair in the preconditioning cabinet (6.3) if required, the condi-tioning room (6.1) and the testing room as directed in TestMethod E 337. If necessary, adjust the conditions to meet thespecified
35、 limits for the standard atmospheres for precondition-ing, conditioning, and testing, as applicable.7.3.1 If the standard atmosphere for testing is found to beout of tolerance, use the guidelines in Note 2 to establish theequalization time after adjustments have been made and therequired tolerances
36、have been attained before any furthertesting is conducted.7.3.2 Make temperature and relative humidity measure-ments in an atmosphere as close as possible to the specimenbeing conditioned or tested; however, it should not differsignificantly from the room monitoring systems.8. Procedure8.1 Unless ot
37、herwise specified, condition and test materialsknown to be sensitive to variations in temperature or relativehumidity in an atmosphere defined in 3.1.7 after precondition-ing as defined in 3.1.6, if required.8.1.1 Textile materials are used in a number of specificend-use applications that frequently
38、 require different testingatmospheres (temperature and humidity). Condition and testtextiles as described in respective test methods. In the absenceof a conditioning and testing requirement, refer to 3.1.7 and useTable 1 as applicable.8.2 Expose the samples or specimens in either the precon-ditionin
39、g or conditioning atmosphere in such a manner that theair will have free access to all surfaces.8.2.1 Unless otherwise specified in an applicableASTM testmethod or specification, expose yarns, threads and other lightcordage in skein form.8.2.2 Spread out fabric samples or specimens singly on theshel
40、ves of a conditioning rack to facilitate proper exposure ofall sides of the fabric, particularly when testing large volumesof fabric.8.2.3 For test methods that allow preconditioning and con-ditioning of samples before cutting out test specimens, a linemay be used to hang multiple samples. This is s
41、atisfactoryexcept in cases where stretching of the fabric may affect certaintesting parameters, in which case the conditioning rack shall beused.8.3 If preconditioning is required, place the samples orspecimens in the preconditioning cabinet (See 6.3) and keepthem in the standard atmosphere for prec
42、onditioning for aspecified period of time, or until they have attained moistureequilibrium for preconditioning as defined in 3.1.3.8.3.1 If preconditioning is carried out in an oven, to ensurethat the material does not become moisture-free, it may beadvisable to perform successive weighings of the s
43、pecimen atintervals of not less than 2 h until the change in mass does notexceed 0.2 %. Sufficient preconditioning usually can beachieved after4hat50C (122F) and 25 % relative humidity.NOTE 1The rate for reaching moisture equilibrium may vary depend-ing on the temperature, relative humidity, fiber c
44、ontent, treatments, orcondition of the material prior to preconditioning. Because the standardatmosphere for preconditioning textiles covers a wide range of relativehumidities, a close approach to equilibrium is in general warranted only atthe top of the range. Exposure for several hours at lower hu
45、midities isusually sufficient to lower the humidity for preconditioning.8.3.2 If exposure to oven heat in preconditioning could havea detrimental effect on a property to be measured, lower themoisture level by exposure using the low end of the humidityrange and room temperature which is 20 to 30C (6
46、8 to 86F)(see Note 1).8.4 Transfer the samples or specimens to the conditioningroom set at the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, orwhen specified, other atmosphere from Table 1 (see 8.1) for aspecified time or until they attain moisture equilibrium fortesting. Moisture equilibrium is conside
47、red to have beenreached when the change in mass of the specimen in successiveweighings, made in intervals of not less than 2 h, does notexceed 0.2 % of the mass of the specimen.FIG. 1 Multiple Shelf Conditioning RackD 1776 043NOTE 2It is recognized that in practice textile materials frequently areno
48、t weighed to determine when moisture equilibrium has been reached.While such practice cannot be accepted in cases of dispute, it may besufficient in routine testing to expose the material to the standardatmosphere for testing for a reasonable period of time before thespecimens are tested. As a guide
49、, the following conditioning periods aresuggested.FiberMinimumConditioningPeriod, hAnimal fibers (for example, wool) andregenerated proteins8Vegetable Fibers (for example, cotton) 6Viscose 8Acetate 4Fibers having a regain less than 5 %at 65 % relative humidity 28.5 The condition periods stated above are approximate andapply only to fabrics spread out in single thickness, which areexposed freely to moving air in the standard atmosphere fortesting. Heavy fabrics may require condition periods longerthan those suggested above. If a fabric contai
