1、Designation: D 2890 92 (Reapproved 2008)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forCalculation of Liquid Heat Capacity of Petroleum DistillateFuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ado
2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the calculation of liquid heatcapacity, Btu/lb
3、F (kJ/kg K), at atmospheric pressure, ofpetroleum fuels for which distillation data may be obtained inaccordance with Test Method D86without reaching a decom-position point prior to obtaining 90 volume % distilled.1.2 This test method is not applicable at temperatures lessthan 0F (18C) and greater t
4、han 60F (16C) above thevolumetric average boiling point of the fuel.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard
5、 does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
6、Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD 287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The Watson characterization factor, K, is obtained froma graphical correlation relating de
7、termined Test Method D86distillation data and K. The liquid heat capacity is obtained,either graphically or mathematically, from correlations relatingcalculated heat capacity, temperature at which heat capacity isbeing calculated, determined API gravity, and K.NOTE 1Details of the method have been p
8、ublished.34. Significance and Use4.1 Heat capacities obtained by this method are those atatmospheric pressure. However, because the temperature rangeis low, the calculated values are similar to saturated liquid heatcapacities in the temperature-pressure range required for mostengineering design.5. D
9、ata Requirements5.1 Distillation temperatures at (in F) 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90volume % distilled obtained in accordance with Test MethodD86.5.2 API gravity determined in accordance with Test MethodD 287 or a method of equivalent accuracy.6. Procedure6.1 Calculate to the nearest 0.1 unit the slope of
10、 the TestMethod D86distillation curve, F/volume %, as the differencebetween the 10 and 90 volume % distilled temperatures di-vided by 80.6.2 Calculate to the nearest 1F the volumetric averageboiling point (VABP) as the sum of Test Method D8610, 30,50, 70, and 90 volume % distilled temperatures divid
11、ed by 5.6.3 Obtain a temperature correction to the nearest 1F fromFig. 1, using the slope and VABPcalculated in accordance with6.1 and 6.2. Calculate the mean average boiling point (Me-ABP) as the VABP plus the correction.6.4 Obtain to the nearest 0.1 unit the Watson characteriza-tion factor, K, fro
12、m Fig. 2 using the determined API gravityand calculated MeABP.6.5 Obtain the calculated heat capacity at each specifiedtemperature, either graphically from Fig. 3 or by solving thefollowing equation:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants
13、 and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.04.0K on Correlative Methods.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 289092(2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org,
14、 orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Technical Data Book-Petroleum Refining, Chapter 7, American PetroleumInstitute, Division of Refining, 1220 L St. NW, Washington,
15、DC 20005.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Cp5 0.6811 2 0.308 G 1 0.000815 2 0.000306 G!T0.055 K 1 0.35! (1)where:Cp= heat capacity, Btu/lb F,G = specific gravity,T = temperature, F, andK = Watson characterization facto
16、r.NOTE 2The broken lines in Fig. 3 illustrate the graphical procedurefor the following example:Calculate the heat capacity at atmospheric pressure and 190F of apetroleum distillate fuel having an API gravity of 40 and Test MethodD86distillation temperatures of 239, 261, 288, 321, and 367 F at 10, 30
17、,50, 70, and 90 volume % distilled, respectively. The volumetric averageboiling point (VABP) is 295F, and the slope is 1.60. The temperaturecorrection obtained from Fig. 1 is 9F, and the mean average boilingpoint is 286F. The value of K obtained from Fig. 2 is 11.0. The heatcapacity obtained as show
18、n in Fig. 3 is 0.51 Btu/lb F.7. Report7.1 Report the results to the nearest 0.01 Btu/lb F.7.2 The heat capacity, Btu/lb F may be converted to theInternational System of Units (SI) of kilojoule per kilogramkelvin (kJ/kg K) by multiplying the results obtained in 7.1 bythe conversion factor 4.186800 an
19、d then rounding to theappropriate number of significant digits.FIG. 1 Test Method D86Distillation Data CorrelationFIG. 2 Watson Characterization Factor (K), API Gravity, and MeanAverage Boiling PointFIG. 3 Liquid Heat Capacity of Petroleum Distillate FuelsD 2890 92 (2008)28. Precision and Bias8.1 Th
20、e following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results (95 % probability).8.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successive testresults, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test material,would, in the long run,
21、 in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed the following value only in one case intwenty:0.01 Btu/lb F 0.04 kJ/kg K! (2)8.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two, singleand independent results, obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical
22、test material, would, inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following value only one case in twenty:0.02 Btu/lb F 0.08 kJ/kg K! (3)NOTE 3The preceding repeatability and reproducibility were obtainedfrom results submitted by seven laboratories that cooperat
23、ively tested fourturbine fuels with initial boiling points in the range 320 to 400F (160 to204C), and end points in the range 430 to 535F (221 to 279C). Eachlaboratory determined the required distillation and gravity data in dupli-cate, and performed the procedures graphically once for each of the t
24、wosets of determined data for each sample. Heat capacities of the fuels werenot determined during the cooperative program.8.2 The accuracy of this test method has been reported3aswithin 4 % for straight-run petroleum fractions and approxi-mately 8 % for pure olefins.8.3 BiasSince there is no accepte
25、d reference materialsuitable for determining bias for this test method, no statementof bias can be made.9. Keywords9.1 liquid heat capacity; petroleum distillateASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this sta
26、ndard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be revi
27、ewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsib
28、le technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2890 92 (2008)3
