1、Designation: D3597 02 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Performance Specification forWoven Upholstery FabricsPlain, Tufted, or Flocked1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3597; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification covers the performancerequirements for plain, tufted, or flocked woven u
3、pholsteryfabrics as used in the manufacture of new indoor furniture.These requirements apply to both the warp and filling direc-tions for those factors where each fabric direction is pertinent.1.2 This performance specification is not applicable tofabrics used in porch, deck, or lawn furniture; nor
4、for knittedfabrics, bonded or laminated fabrics, or surface-coated fabrics(such as vinyls and urethanes).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
5、 health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD434 Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns inWoven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam33D1175 Discontinued 1982; Method of Tes
6、t for AbrasionResistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder andUniform Abrasion); Replaced by D 4157, D 41583D1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byFalling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) ApparatusD2262 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven FabricsBy the Tongue (Single-Rip) Method (
7、Constant Rate-of-Traverse Tensile Testing Machine)3D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongationof Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)2.2 AATCC Test Methods:48 AATCC Colorfastness to Crocking:Crockmeter Method16 Colorfastness to Light23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes107 Colorfastness to Water116
8、Colorfastness to Crocking:Rotary Vertical Crockmeter Method4129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under HighHumiditiesGray Scale for Color Change, Evaluation Procedure 1Chromatic Transference Scale, AATCC Evaluation Proce-dure 8 AATCC 9Step Chromatic Transference ScaleSpecifications Standards
9、 Test Procedures for UpholsteredFurniture Fabrics5Guides for the Household Furniture Industry62.3 Federal Standard:16CFR, Chapter II-Consumer Product Safety Commission,Subchapter D-Flammable Fabrics Act Regulation72.4 Military Standard:ASQ/ANSI Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-spection by
10、Attributes8NOTE 1Reference to test methods in this standard give only thepermanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other testmethods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.1This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD13 on Textiles and
11、 is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on HomeFurnishings.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published December 20098. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3597 02(2008).DOI: 10.1520/D3597-02R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websi
12、te, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4.AATCC Technical
13、Manual, aAvailable from American Association of TextileChemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.5Issued in 1969 by the National Association of Furniture Manufacturers and theNational Retail Furniture Association. Available from Home Furnitu
14、re Manufactur-ers Assn., P. O. Box HP-7, High Point, NC 27261.6Available from the Bureau of Consumer Protection, Federal Trade Commis-sion, Washington, DC 20580.7Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.8Available from Standardization Documents
15、 Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this performancespecification, refer
16、 to Terminology D123. Definitions found ina dictionary of common terms are suitable for terms used inthis performance specification.4. Significance and Use4.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of therequirements listed in Table 1.4.2 It should be recognized that fabrics can be produc
17、edutilizing an almost infinite number of combinations of con-struction variables ( e.g., type of fibers, percentage of fibers,yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemical andmechanical finished).Additionally, fashion or aesthetics dictatethat the ultimate consumer may find acceptable artic
18、les madefrom fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements inTable 1.4.2.1 Hence, no single performance specification can possi-bly apply to all the various fabrics that could be utilized for thisend-use.4.3 The uses and significance of particular properties andtest methods are discussed in
19、 the appropriate section of thespecified test methods.5. Specification Requirements5.1 The properties of woven upholstery fabrics (plain,tufted, or flocked) shall conform to the specification require-ments in Table 1.6. Test Methods (See Note 1)6.1 Breaking StrengthDetermine the dry breaking force i
20、nthe standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in TestMethod D5034, using a constant rate of extension (CRE)tensile testing machine.6.2 Tear StrengthDetermine the tear strength in accor-dance with Test Method D2262.NOTE 2If preferred, use of Test Method D1424 is permitted withexisting re
21、quirements as given in this standard. However, in case ofcontroversy, Test Method D2262 shall prevail.6.3 Resistance to Yarn Slippage:6.3.1 Determine the resistance to yarn slippage in accor-dance with Test Method D434. Regardless of the disclaimerfound in 1.2 of Test Method D434, this procedure is
22、applicablewith the following modifications.6.3.2 Sew the seam using a minimum of seven and amaximum of eight stitches per inch (320 stitches per metre).6.3.3 Use a chrome or nickel plated needle, 0.063 in. (1.60mm) in diameter.96.3.4 Use a No. 24-4 hard finish “Z” twist white cottonsewing thread10as
23、 the needle thread. Use either hard or softfinish No. 24-4 “Z” twist white cotton sewing thread for thebobbin thread.6.4 Surface Abrasion:6.4.1 Determine the surface abrasion in accordance withTest Method D1175, using the Oscillatory Cylinder Methodwith the following modifications.6.4.2 Use a clean
24、wire screen abradant, stainless steel, 50 by70 mesh (210 by 297 m), backed by a 14-mesh (1.4 by 1.4mm) to an 18-mesh (1.0 by 1.0 mm) screen.9Singer No. 23 needle, or its equivalent has been found satisfactory for thismethod.10Source, most suppliers of upholstery sewing thread.TABLE 1 Specification R
25、equirementsCharacteristics Requirements SectionBreaking strength (load) 222 N (50 lbf), min 6.1Tongue tear strength 27 N (6 lbf), min 6.2Resistance to yarn slippage 111 N (25 lbf), min 6.3Surface abrasionALight-duty 3000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4Medium-duty 9000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4Heav
26、y-duty 15,000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4Dimensional change:Warp or filling 5.0% shrinkage, max to 6.52.0% gain, maxColorfastness to:BWater,CColor Change grade 4,Dmin 6.6Solvent,CColor Change grade4,Dmin 6.7Burnt gas fumes-2 cycles grade 4,Dmin 6.8Crocking:Dry grade 4,Emin 6.9Wet grade 3,Emin 6.9L
27、ight-40 AATCC Fading Units grade 4,Dmin 6.10Ozone 1 cycle grade 4,Dmin 6.11Retention of hand, character, and appearance no significant change 6.12Durability of back coating no significant change 6.13Flammability pass 6.14FTC Requirements pass 6.15AFor guideline purposes see 6.4.1.BClass in the color
28、fastness requirements is based on a numerical scale of 5 for negligible for no colorchange or color transfer to 1 for very severe color change or colortransfer.CFor guidelines purposesSee Section 6.6.2.DAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.EAATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.D3597 02 (2009)26.4.3 The t
29、ension of the specimen shall be 4 lbf (18 N) andthe compression force shall be 3 lbf (13 N).6.4.4 Test at least two specimens in the warp direction, andat least two in the filling direction.6.4.5 At the end of 3000 cycles (double rubs) examine thespecimens for loose threads and wear (slight discolor
30、ation fromthe stainless steel screen on light colored fabrics is disre-garded). If no noticeable change is apparent, continue the testfor another 6000 cycles (a total of 9000 cycles). Examine thespecimen again. If no noticeable change is apparent, continuethe test for another 6000 cycles (a total of
31、 15,000 cycles).NOTE 3Loss of pigment and frosting are considered in evaluatingwear. However, other changes in surface appearance or disturbance of thesurface character without significant abrasive wear should be disregarded.6.4.6 Classify fabrics that show no noticeable wear after3000 cycles but sh
32、ow appreciable wear at 9000 cycles aslight-duty. Classify fabrics that show no appreciable wear at9000 cycles but appreciable wear at 15 000 cycles as medium-duty. Classify fabrics that show no noticeable wear at 15 000cycles as heavy-duty.6.5 Dimensional Change:6.5.1 Determine dimensional change in
33、 accordance withSpecifications Standards Test Procedures for Upholstered Fur-niture Fabrics, as follows:NOTE 4Test is not relevant if fabric is to be labeled “clean withsolvent only.”6.5.2 Procedure:6.5.2.1 Mark 12 by 12-in. (305 by 305-mm) test specimenswith sets of three 10-in. (254-mm) gage dista
34、nces in both thewarp and the filling directions.6.5.2.2 Place the marked specimens in a pan at least 14 by14 by 6 in. (356 by 356 by 152 mm) containing a sufficientvolume of 80 6 5F (26 6 3C) distilled or demineralizedwater to cover them completely in their fully opened flat state.The water should c
35、ontain 0.05% (OWS) nonionic wettingagent.6.5.2.3 After being completely submerged in the water for10 6 1 min, remove the specimens and individually lay themout flat on horizontal ventilated screens and allow them to dryin the prevailing room atmosphere (approximately 24 h). Donot extract or wring ou
36、t the specimens prior to drying.6.5.2.4 After drying, measure the distance between the gagemarks in each fabric direction. Separately report the averagedimensional change in the warp and the filling.6.5.3 CalculationsCalculate the shrinkage or the gain asdirected in Eq 1 and Eq 2;S 5 A 2 B!/A 3 100
37、(1)G 5 B 2 A/A 3 100 (2)where:A = distance between gage marks before wetout, 10 in.(254 mm),B = distance between gage marks after wetout and drying.G = gain, %, andS = shrinkage, %.In reporting the gain, the percent change shall have theprefix +.6.6 Colorfastness to Water:NOTE 5Test is not relevant
38、if fabric is to be labeled “clean withsolvent only.”6.6.1 Determine colorfastness to water in accordance withAATCC 107.6.6.2 This method is a “Guideline” procedure to evaluatecolor change within the cleaned area under standardizedconditions.Although not directly related to consumer cleansingwith wat
39、er-base or solvent-base cleansing agents, it will givereliable information on the fastness of the fabric coloration towater and solvent, which are the principal agents that wouldcause color migration, bleeding, or any combination thereof. Inthis context, the color change occurring in these tests den
40、otesany change due to color loss or bleeding and migration of onecolor to another within the cleaned area.6.6.3 In the evaluation of the test results, the fabric tested iscompared against the original to establish color change.6.6.4 Those fabrics that are not fast to water or solventmedia or both, a
41、nd show a color change should be so labeled.6.7 Colorfastness to Solvent:6.7.1 Determine the colorfastness to solvent in accordancewith AATCC 107, with the following modifications:6.7.2 Test SolutionUse technical grade perchloroethylene.NOTE 6Perchloroethylene is toxic, and the usual precautions for
42、handling chlorinated solvents should be taken. It should be used onlyunder well ventilated conditions. The solvent is nonflammable.NOTE 7The rollers in the wringer used should be such that they willnot be affected by the solvent.6.7.3 After loading the specimens in the Perspiration Tester,Perspirome
43、ter, or similar device, allow them to stand for2hinthe prevailing room atmosphere. Then remove them from theunit and allow them to dry completely while hanging in theprevailing room atmosphere. Do not press or iron the speci-mens.6.7.4 See 6.6.2-6.6.4.6.8 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes Determine t
44、hecolorfastness to burnt gas fumes in accordance with AATCCTest Method 23. Do not wash or dryclean these fabric speci-mens either before or after testing.6.9 Colorfastness to CrockingDetermine the colorfast-ness to wet and dry crocking in accordance with AATCC TestMethod 8 for solid shades and AATCC
45、 Test Method 116 forprints, or as agreed between the purchaser and supplier.6.10 Colorfastness to LightDetermine the colorfastness tolight as directed in AATCC Method 16.NOTE 8There are distinct differences in spectral distribution betweenthe various types of machines listed inAATCC Method 16, with
46、no overallcorrelations between them. Consequently, these machines cannot be usedinterchangeably. In case of controversy, results obtained with the WaterCooled Xenon Arc machine listed in Option E shall prevail.6.11 Colorfastness to OzoneDetermine the colorfastnessto ozone in accordance with AATCC Te
47、st Method 129.6.12 Retention of Hand, Character, and AppearanceAfabric tested in accordance with 6.5, 6.6, and 6.7 shall notchange more in hand, character, or appearance than in thelimitations set by prior agreement between purchaser andsupplier.NOTE 9Water tests would not apply, if labeled “Solvent
48、 Clean Only.”D3597 02 (2009)36.13 Durability of Back CoatingA fabric shall exhibit nocracking or peeling of back coating when tested in accordancewith 6.5, 6.6, and 6.7. Durability should be compatible withcleaning code.6.14 FlammabilityThe flammability requirements shall beas agreed between the pur
49、chaser and the seller, provided theymeet or exceed those of Part 1610 of the Flammable FabricActRegulations.6.15 FTC RequirementsThe Federal Trade Commission(FTC) promulgated the Guides for the Household FurnitureIndustry.11Although the Textile Fiber Products IdentificationAct specifically exempts outer coverings of furniture from theapplication of the act, the FTC has very specific regulationscovered in detail in Guide 5 of the Guides for the HouseholdFurniture Industry. In brief, this rule covers the following:6.15.1 False or deceptive representa
